Impixano kule ncwadi - na lo mbono? Iintlobo, iintlobo kunye nemizekelo kongquzulwano kule ncwadi

Yintoni eyenza look umfundi kwiphepha lokuqala umsebenzi wobugcisa? Umntu Ndathatha incwadi kuba igama yombhali, umntu watyeda ibali isihloko anomtsalane okanye inkanuko okanye inoveli. Kwaye ngoko? Yintoni ukwenza ukuba ukufunda yekhasi page, umgca ephelelwe ngumonde, "yokuginya 'eprintiweyo? Kakade ke, lo sebali! Yaye libukhali ke aphothwe ngaphezu ezibuhlungu abalinganiswa, i umdla nangakumbi kumfundi ukuba ukulandela lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso.

Ilungu iphambili yale yenziwayo yokuphuhlisa sebali - impixano kule ncwadi kunzima, ukruthakruthwano kweemfuno kunye nabalinganiswa, kukho imbono ezahlukeneyo kule meko. Konke oku kuphakamisa le ubudlelwane phakathi imifanekiso zoncwadi ngaye njengesikhokelo, ukuphuhlisa umxholo.

Ukumiselwa kwembambano kunye sifakwa njani

Iyafuna ingqalelo lo mbono ngokweenkcukacha, njengoko ungquzulwano. Inkcazelo kwi uncwadi ngendlela ethile ethile, ukuba kwakunjani na ukungena ebonisa longquzulwano abalinganiswa abalinganiswa abaphambili, ukuqonda eyahlukileyo meko efanayo, ingcaciso yezizathu ngeemvakalelo zabo, iingcamango kunye neminqweno kwiimeko ezifanayo okanye efanayo, kwaye kukho ukungavisisani. Ngamagama alula ngakumbi, kunzima phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi, uthando kunye nentiyo, inyaniso ngobuxoki.

Wengxabano nogonyamelwano olungathwethwisa kakhulu, sifumanisa kumsebenzi ngamnye wobugcisa, nokuba ibali elifutshane, i Saga luzayo, inoveli yimbalasane okanye ukudlala ngenxa yemidlalo yeqonga. Kuphela kukho ungquzulwano unako ukubeka ulwalathiso ezizinzululwazi ibali, ukwakha ingoma, hlela ulwalamano umgangatho ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

ukukwazi yombhali ukudala imeko yongquzulwano ixesha kweli bali, anike abalinganiswa malunga ecacileyo, ukukwazi ukukhusela inyaniso yayo ngokuyimfuneko abafundi abanomdla ukuba ufunde uze wenze imveliso ukugqiba. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kuyimfuneko ukuba kuziswe kuvuthondaba inkanuko, ukudala imeko obangwe, uze ivumela umlinganiswa ukuba boyisa kubo. Kufuneka ukuba bathathe imingcipheko, phuma, emphefumlweni nasemzimbeni ubunzima, ebangela abafundi iziqobo lonke zonke iintlobo iimvakalelo kwinceba gentle ukuya angakholiswa enzulu izenzo zabo.

ebekufanele ukuba ungquzulwano

iinkosi True zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa ukuba abalinganiswa zabo ukuba ubambane nembono yabo, entrained kakhulu kuthungelwano iimvakalelo zabo readers uqiqa amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo yokuziphatha. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, imveliso womkhosi lwabalandeli iza kukhula kwaye niwuzalise ibinzana engahlawulwayo bezobugcisa abakubudala ezahlukeneyo, amaqela ezahlukeneyo zentlalo, kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ezemfundo. Ukuba umbhali likwazile ukufaka amaphepha yokuqala umdla womfundi uyibambe kwi ndawo enye okanye ngxabano wawo kwinqanaba lokugqibela - indumiso nembeko ukuba abhale yakhe! Kodwa oku akwenzeki rhoqo, kwaye ukuba kongquzulwano fiction akuthethi kukhula snowball, musa ebandakanya isigqibo sabo abalinganiswa ezintsha, nobunzima alo, ukuphuhlisa wayenga umdla ekuqaleni akuthethi smognut nokuba inoveli, okanye kwinoveli okanye umdlalo, nkqu edume umbhali.

Ngesakhiwo kufuneka ibe twist onamandla ukuya kwindawo ethile, ukudala imeko Amazing: ukuba ukuswela ukuqonda, izisongelo lokukwekwa kwaye iyagxininiswa, uloyiko, ilahleko - kuyimfuneko ukugcina kwisithethi. Ukuba udale? Kuphela ibe kabukhali sebali. Ngamanye amaxesha oko kunokubangelwa ukufunyanwa esingalindelekanga ibala oonobumba kwimeko eyahlukileyo - ukuthinjwa ibubungqina obupheleleyo inyaniso omnye umntu. Kwisahluko mnye, uTshawe nga abe lingqina kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye imeko piquant, enye - ukuba babe kuye umsunguli into edidayo. Kwi-wesithathu oko kuvela abathengi ibitheni malunga apho akwaziyo nto, kodwa yiva phambi kwabo. Ke mhlawumbi le nto kubathengi, iintshaba ezifihlakeleyo engqongileyo kufutshane kuye abahlala kufutshane. Makhe maxa wambi imizekelo impixano kule ncwadi ibonakala banal, kude iyintsomi, kodwa ke kufuneka ukuba umfundi ngengxabano rhoqo.

Igalelo Ingxabano ngesakhiwo acuteness

ukubandezeleka Sole kunye kwiimbandezelo ophambili yobuciko nga ivuse umdla novelwano kuphela ixesha yokuba, ukuba ungquzulwano akayi kubandakanyeka, kwaye abalinganiswa yesibini ebalisayo. Longquzulwano kuyimfuneko ukuba bandise kwandiswe, ukuba ndikunike isiqwenga sihambe, ukukhanya kunye obukhulu.

iimpikiswano babezilazila, nkqu iimvakalelo phezulu nobunyulu engcwele, ziya kuba nako ukubhala kumfundi umnqweno Tyhila iphepha yindinisa kwi eyoze. Ngenxa ideology, ka Kakade ke, enkulu, kodwa ukuba kucacile ukuba wonke akudali iqela lemibuzo, kwaye captivate akayi kuba nako ukuyila umntu kaThixo, kwaye, xa uthabathe enye incwadi, kwakufuneka iimvakalelo eziqaqambileyo. Ungquzulwano kwiincwadi - oku sisisulu.

Nika akakwazi bekudidekisa kuphela inqwaba iimeko njengoko Injongo ecacileyo ngqo loonobumba ngamnye kubo uthwele kuwo wonke umsebenzi ngaphandle ngokungcatsha ngayo, naxa umbhali lilo abalinganiswa zakhe wesihogo inkanuko. Naluphi na amaqela alwayo kufuneka negalelo kuphuhliso sebali: enye zasendle layo, Awekho ezihlekisayo logic enrage umfundi, omnye - umgwebo wakhe uzolile yaye isenzo yokuqala. Kodwa sonke kufuneka ukusombulula ingxaki enye - ukwenza ndikho kwebali.

A umsebenzi wobugcisa njengoko zibonakalisa ukungavumelani

Yiyiphi enye into ngaphandle iincwadi, uyakwazi isixhwile yobomi bemihla ngemihla anelise oba zakhe? ubudlelwane Romantic, athi ngamanye amaxesha azinazo ngokwaneleyo. Ukuya kumazwe nezingaqhelekanga, nto leyo yimpumelelo ukufikelela wonke umntu. Ukuzichanaba bengabenzi bobubi, Yayizimele phantsi owazenza umthetho nommi ezifanelekileyo. A umfundi ufuna encwadini zikukhathazayo kuye, yaye axhalabe kakhulu abanomdla kwixesha elithile, kodwa ebomini ndingenzi lingamazi kunye nabahlobo bakhe into enjengale yenzekayo. Umxholo kwembambano zoncwadi uzalisa le mfuneko. Siyazi ukuba kwenzeka njani, ukuze, xa kuthe ziviwa. Nawuphi na ingxaki, nayiphi na imeko ebomini, ningawufumana khona kwiincwadi kwaye yonke eveliswa sisixhobo iimvakalelo ukuba uqhubeke.

Forms neendidi ungquzulwano

Uncwadi kucaciswe iingxabano eziliqela ezithile: uthando, kweyabo bulumko, ezentlalo kunye zasekhaya, bemiqondiso, ngokwasengqondweni, zonqulo, emkhosini. Kakade ke, oku asikokuphela kwayo, siye kuphela ingqalelo iindidi ezinkulu, yaye ngamnye kubo uluhlu yaso imisebenzi angumqondiso ezibonisa enye okanye ezingaphezulu yezi ntlobo ingxabano. Umzekelo, umbongo Shakespeare "Romeo and Juliet", ngaphandle kokuya kwi demagogy, kunganxulunyaniswa uhlobo lothando. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, ezo zisekelwe uthando, libonisa eqaqambileyo, ebuhlungu, nathemba. Umlinganiswa yedrama lo msebenzi ubonisa njengoko kungekho ngaphezulu elinye isithethe ezakudala. Licebo "Dubrovsky" uphinda nje mxholo "Romeo and Juliet" kwaye uyakwazi abe ngumzekelo nje omnye, kodwa ibali entle Pushkin kaThixo siyakhunjuzwa usenalo emva kokuba umdlalo ubizo eyona idumileyo kaShakespeare.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhankanya ezinye iintlobo kongquzulwano kule ncwadi. Ethetha ngokwengqondo, siye sikhumbule Byron kaThixo "Don Juan". Umfanekiso ophambili yi impikiswano kangako yaye ngokucacileyo uvakalisa longquzulwano lwangaphakathi umntu, nto leyo ngaphezu ummeli awayedla impixano wathi kuya kuba nzima ukuba nomfanekiso ngqondweni.

nokubhaleka aliqela kwinoveli kwivesi "Eugene Onegin", abalinganiswa wadala wayekwazi mava ngenxa yothando, nangenxa ntle, kunye ungquzulwano nemibono. Wengxabano iimbono ezahlukeneyo, abathi ubukhulu omnye ngaphezu kwezinye sikwaquka isininzi, uwele phantse yonke indalo ezoncwadi, ovusa ngokupheleleyo umfundi lwendaba kunye ungquzulwano.

Kwavumela iingxabano eziliqela iincwadi

iintlobo aluka, kuya kuba bubulumko ukuba ukuthatha umzekelo lamaqhosha ifomu enkulu ukujonga ngakumbi ngqo iingxabano zisetyenziswa lwemisebenzi yoncwadi: "War Noxolo" zikaTolstoy "I bwino", "The Brothers Karamazov," "bengenwa" yi Fyodor Dostoevsky, "Taras Bulba "by idrama uN Gogol" indlu A uQheleqhele kaThixo "yi Ibsen. Wonke umfundi ukudala uluhlu yamabali, iinoveli, imidlalo, apho kulula ukufumana kwavumela iimpikiswano ezininzi. Ngokufuthi vstrnechaetsya, kunye nabanye, kunye ukungqubana izizukulwana kuncwadi Russian.

Umzekelo, kwi "obephethwe" prospector vuxiyaxiya ufumana fanekisela, uthando, bulumko, ezentlalo kunye basekhaya, ingxabano nasengqondweni. Kule ncwadi ngayo phantse yonke into ogcina lwendaba. "War Noxolo" yeyona ndawo ityebileyo longquzulwano kwemifanekiso kunye ubumbaxa lweziganeko. Impixano ibhuqiwe, nkqu kwisihloko kwinoveli. Ukuhlalutya abalinganiswa amaqhawe bakhe, ngasinye ingafumaneka donzhuanovsky ungquzulwano nasengqondweni. Per Bezuhov iyakudela uHelen kodwa wayithimba ngokunamathelene-. Bonwabile Natasha Rostova uthando ku Andreyu Bolkonskomu, kodwa ukhokelwa ngumnqweno esonakeleyo ukuze Anatole Kuragin. ungquzulwano Socio-indlu unokuthekelela eluthandweni Sony ukuya UNikolai Rostov kunye nokubandakanyeka kule thando yonke intsapho. yaye ngoko kwisahluko ngasinye, ngasinye ngomncinane A ayithathe konke kunye -. Ongafiyo, imveliso mkhulu, akukho ngokulinganayo.

umfanekiso eliqaqambileyo ngxabano kwezizukulwana kwinoveli "Ooyise and Sons"

Akukho iyathanda ngaphantsi njenge "War Noxolo", ifanelwe inoveli by Ivan Turgenev "Ooyise and Sons." Kukholelwa ukuba lo msebenzi - zibonisa ungquzulwano yembono, ungquzulwano kwizizukulwana. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, ukongama izimvo zabo nabanye abantu, owathi, ngentlonelo ngokulinganayo bonke abalinganiswa ukwabelana kuwukhusela ibali, iqinisekisa le yinto. Nditsho imbambano ekhoyo phakathi uthando kunye Bazarov Odintsov iba sizoku lwisana yomzabalazo esingenalusini efanayo Bazarov kunye Pavel Petrovich. Umfundi unesifo kunye nabo, ukuqonda umgwebele, ayidele enye yokugxeka ngenxa yeenkolelo zabo. Kodwa ngaba balinganiswa kuba kwakunye abagwebi, naphakathi abaxhasi abalandeli imveliso. ungquzulwano izizukulwana kuncwadi Russian, ayikho enye ichazwe ngokucacileyo.

Imfazwe ngezimvo abameli iiklasi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, echazwe ngaphantsi eqaqambileyo, kodwa oku zibuhlungu nangakumbi - uluvo Bazarov xa kuthelekiswa abazali babo. Ingaba na ungquzulwano? Nazi nje ezinye - i yembono okanye kodwa zentlalo ngaphezulu basekhaya? Kwimeko ethile oko ephawuleka, buhlungu, nokuba eyoyikisayo.

Turgenev wadala umfanekiso kwakungekho yonke imisebenzi ekhoyo yobuciko iya kusoloko umlinganiswa ixakayo zoncwadi, kwaye inoveli wawubhalwe ngo1862 - ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kwekhulu eyadlulayo. Ngaba oku njengobungqina ubungqondi kwinoveli?

Ibonisa ungquzulwano lwentlalo kunye zasekhaya kule ncwadi

Kumagama ambalwa sele kukhankanyiwe olu hlobo impixano, kodwa ufanelwe ingqalelo eneenkcukacha. In "Evgenii Onegine," Pushkin, wayityhila amagama alula kangako, ngoko silindelwe ngokucacileyo kunye imigca zokuqala zomsebenzi, ukuba ayikho enye ngegqudu nto, nokuba uthando ndityiwa Tatiana nokufa mbilini Lensky.

"Nanini na ubomi entsatsheni, ndifuna ukunciphisa ... Yintoni ibe mbi ngakumbi ehlabathini entsapho ..." - Eugene uthi, nikholwe kuye, aqonde kuye, nokuba umfundi, kunye nezinye izimvo ngalo mba! amaxabiso Ngoko ezahlukeneyo lobuqu Onegin kunye Lensky, amaphupha abo, iminqweno, indlela yokuphila - ngokupheleleyo malunga - ibonisa nto ngaphezu ngqo indlela ungquzulwano lwentlalo kunye yasekhaya kule ncwadi. Oku kubonisa siyibambe ezimbini eqaqambileyo, imibongo kunye iprozi, ice kunye nomlilo. Ezi izichasi ezimbini polar awukwazi bahlalisene kunye: i apotheosis kwembambano - ukufa Lensky e Kungquzulwano.

iintlobo bulumko elingumqondiso lweemfazwe indawo yabo iincwadi

Njengoko ukuba impi bulumko, umzekelo ogqibeleleyo isifundo sakhe, ngaphezu imisebenzi Fedora Dostoevskogo, ukususela ngomzuzu yokuqala ungandikhumbuli. "Abazalwana Karamazov", "silima", "Elivisayo" kunye phantsi kuluhlu lwe ilifa ongafiyo Fedorov Mikhailovich - zonke ephothiweyo ukususela imisonto ubalaseleyo yokuqiqa bulumko phantse ngaphandle kokukhetha, abalinganiswa imisebenzi yakhe. imisebenzi Dostoevsky kaThixo - imizekelo ecacileyo lweemfazwe kule ncwadi! Ukuba kukho ngamanyala (kodwa abalinganiswa kunokuba eziqhelekileyo) umxholo ukukrexeza, ucanda kwinoveli "Iidemon 'lonke, yaye ngokukodwa kwisahluko umda elide" Fedor ". Ngawaphi amagama kugwetyelwa ezi ozikhethayo kwaye wachaza - nto ke ungquzulwano engaphakathi a umlinganiswa bulumko.

Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi nemifuziselo na imveliso M. Maeterlinck "Blue Bird". Eneneni unyityilikiswa ngobungqola, kwaye vice versa. Ukutshintshwa esingumqondiso ukholo, ithemba, self-inkolelo intaka wasentsomini - sebali Engumzekelo kolu hlobo ingxabano.

Kwakhona zokomfuziselo windmill ingawenzi, uMoya uyise Hamlet e-Shakespeare, izangqa asithoba isihogo wabe. Ababhali Modern sebenzisa encinane nemifuziselo njenge impixano, kodwa zizaliswe epics.

Iintlobo kongquzulwano ngemisebenzi Gogol

Imisebenzi ye umbhali mkhulu eRashiya Ukraine ukuba okroqiweyo nemifuziselo ephawulwe ngokucacileyo ziidemon zakhe, mermaids, brownies - icala mnyama imiphefumlo yabantu. Inoveli "Taras Bulba" lwahluke sisininzi imisebenzi UNikolai Vasilievich yokungabikho olupheleleyo lwemifanekiso otherworldly - yonke ukhona, ngokwembali lilungisa, kwaye bazitshisekisayo ungquzulwano ayikho ngaphantsi loo nxalenye eyinyani, ekho kumsebenzi zonke yoncwadi shiyana.

iintlobo gumbini kongquzulwano kule ncwadi: uthando, ntle, ngokwasengqondweni, ungquzulwano kwezizukulwana kube lula umkhondo kwi "Taras Bulba". Xa iincwadi Russian, umfanekiso Andria ukuze uqinisekise umzekelo, apho ibotshelelwe, akukho mfuneko yokuba aphinde aye echaza oko imifanekiso ethile zavela kwabo. Kwanele ukuba ukufunda le ncwadi uze uzobe kwezinye iindawo ingqalelo ethile. Iingxabano ngemisebenzi iincwadi Russian ukuba le isicelo.

Kwaye kancinane ngakumbi malunga nemilo

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi impixano: ahlekisayo, ombambazelayo, satirical usinga, ezihlekisayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-iintlobo yimikhuba, kwenziwa ukuphucula indlela imisebenzi yohlobo.

Ezi ntlobo kongquzulwano kwi uncwadi esibalisayo - yonqulo, usapho, isizwe - uwele imisebenzi izihloko zawo ungquzulwano zamiselwa kweli bali liphela. Ukongeza, ubukho ukruthakruthwano enokuthi ibonise icala yenyama webali okanye intiyo inoveli, uthando, uthando. Ukuze abethelele ezinye inkalo ngolwalamano phakathi abalinganiswa, akalulola ungquzulwano phakathi kwabo. Ingcaciso yale mbono kule ncwadi ixesha elide ngokumila abahlukene. Ngxabano, ngxabano, ulwe ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa ibinzana elingqalileyo ngakumbi hayi kuphela uhlobo abalinganiswa kunye lwendaba ephambili, kodwa yonke indlela iingcamango ukuba ziboniswe kwi mveliso. Ungquzulwano kusebenza kuyo nayiphi iprozi: nursery, zokucupha, ababhinqileyo, buqu, obubhaliweyo. Zonke iintlobo kunye neendidi iingxabano ezinjalo ayidweliswanga, ukuba izichazi - baninzi. Kodwa ngaphandle kwabo akadalwanga akukho indalo. Eli bali kwaye ungquzulwano kulo ncwadi basenokuvana.