Igazi leukemia Acute: live zingaphi, iimpawu zonyango kunye isifo

Leukemia uqala ukuphuhlisa kunye ukungaphumeleli iiseli lomongo wethambo, leyo banoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba womntu anti-ithumba nezifo. Le ukuhlukunyezwa igcwele nemiphumela emibi. Ngamagama alula, iseli, leyo wanikela ukungaphumeleli, uze emva koko yahlulwe amawaka efanayo, apho kuthunyelwa kuwo umzimba, echaphazela imiphunga, izintso, iindawo intliziyo, isibindi, nkovu. Oku kubonakala wegazi etsolo kunye negazi.

Bangaphi abantu abaphila nesi sifo, nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ayeke uphuhliso wayo, nto leyo eyimfuneko ukuze oku kwenzeke? Kule sihloko imibuzo emininzi, yaye zonke kufuneka bazame ukufumana impendulo.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oogqirha zange ndicinge ukuba oonobangela ngqo ukuba bawaphikise uphuhliso wegazi. Nyaka ngamnye, malunga 35 amatyala ezintsha ngalinye labantu million 1. Ubume yale uguquko entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye kuxhomekeke bokuqonda ezininzi kuphela ngamnye. Noko ke, izinto engabangela livela, ukuba anikezele oogqirha. Umzekelo, kuguquka kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba:

• ukwanda exposure radiation;
• asebenze umsebenzi eziyingozi;
• yofuzo;
• chemotherapy elide;
• ukutshaya;
• izifo chromosomal;
• intsholongwane enzima (HIV, umzekelo);
• Ityhefu chemical equlathwe emoyeni okanye ukutya.

Zonke ezi zinto zingabangela igazi leukemia oyingozi. Kodwa bangaphi abantu abaphila nesi sifo? Ukuba ixesha ingqalelo iimpawu afune uncedo, unako kuyolula ubukho bakho. Thazeka isiguli lanyuka xa kuthe yobuthathaka, ukudinwa, nokuxhuma olungenamiqathango kwi lobushushu emzimbeni, ukubila ebusuku, ikhanda njalo, ngokukhawuleza ukwehla kobunzima, pallor kunye nokunqongophala onombilini. Ukuze zesifo ngqo ziquka bazigruzule rhoqo, iintlungu emathanjeni kunye namalungu, isikhumba elomileyo lesonka, kunye bala icteric, amaqhakuvana amancinane, ukungabi umbono, amahlwempu inxeba impiliso, ukuchama lenkathazo kunye dyspnea.

uye elide kangakanani isigulane?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke ibakala esi sifo. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba xa une "leukemia etsolo igazi" njengoko izigulane live, kunzima ukuphendula eziqhitsini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iintlobo-3 nesi sifo. Ngoko ke, okokuqala zonke iingozi ezinxulumene ngaphantsi, sidle ubomi naye malunga-10 iminyaka. Xa uhlobo yesibini yobomi kuya kuthatha iminyaka malunga 5-8. Kodwa ukuba inqanaba lomngcipheko aphakamileyo, iminyaka yobomi awudluli iminyaka emi-3.

Isibakala sokuba ifom nokoyika isifo siqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kunokuba engapheliyo. Ukanti leukemia etsolo - hayi isivakalisi. Ukuba ixesha uqaphele utshintsho emzimbeni wakho kwaye ucele uncedo.

Kwiimeko kakhulu

Xa isifo nqanaba ingakumbi eziphambili ezifana wegazi etsolo, ubomi prrodolzhitelnost yinto encinci. Umntu uhlala iminyaka emithathu, kungekho ngaphezulu. Kodwa, yona, iimeko ezinjalo zinqabile. Izigulane ngokuqhelekileyo sigaba enzima abantu abadala. Oko kukuthi iminyaka engama-70 ubudala okanye abo kakhulu izisele kwiDNA.

Kuhleli ixesha elincinane kakhulu, kunye nabantu kunye nezinye zomhlaza. Kunye nezigulane ezininzi nokonyuka kwamanqanaba lalahlekelwa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kucetyiswa ukudibanisa uthomalaliso ukomelezwa, ichemotherapy, kunye yokuphila esempilweni ukuze ixesha elide.

ukungaphili

Sekunjalo, omnye singenako ukuyiphika le yokuba kukho iimeko apho iyeza ayinamandla. Uqikelelo elingamncediyo, ukuba umzimba womntu kunye nezifo ezinzwaneni abe zokuhlala. Zinyamezela ukuba nkqu nemithi zinamandla. Kukho iimeko apho umzimba womntu ibuthathaka kangangokuba ilahleko sifo iba akuvumelani ubomi bakhe.

Ukuba isigulane kutyhilwa uhlobo wegazi, zange ngaphambili zibhalwe amayeza, inkoliso yabo bonke, musa ukusebenza. Akangekhe mhlawumbi radiation okanye unyango ngamachiza. Uxolelo kulo mzekelo ayikwazi kube yimpumelelo, kwaye ngenxa yoko kube nzima, kwaye wamathambo abohlukeneyo.

Ukongeza, ukufa kunokubangela ukopha ngesiquphe kunye kwemithambo ezifihlakeleyo ebuchotsheni. Kwakhona, ukufa kusenokudluliselwa ukuba waqutyulwa nokuqutyulwa ingxaki yabantu ezosulelayo sifo buthathaka.

ukululama

Kodwa angalulama kwakhona yokwenene, kwaye alikwazi kodwa nemihlali. Ngokutsho manani, amathuba sokubuyisela ngokupheleleyo kunye nonyango ngexesha ngokubanzi asusela-50% kubantu abadala kunye nama-95% abantwana. Ukuba yimpumelelo, ukufakelwa iiseli stem unyango kwenzeka ngo-60% yamatyala.

Ngokubanzi, amanani na onokumxelela okuninzi malunga igazi leukemia oyingozi. Bangaphi abantu abaphila nesi sifo? Ukuba ufike ingxaki kwisigaba nokuphalazeka kwelifu, esi sifo kwenzeka utshintsho ukusuka kwifom esinganyangekiyo, iminyaka yobomi liye lancitshiswa iinyanga 6-12. esibulalayo kwiimeko ezinjalo kuvela iingxaki.

Ukuthetha ngendlela okukhulu, njengako manani, kukho abantu leukemia, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele caveat enye ebalulekileyo. Amathuba lokufa yi-90% ukuba isifo eseleyo kunganyangwa. Kwaye abantu leukemia etsolo lymphoblastic, ixesha ukuqalisa unyango kunye ezilandelayo iingcebiso oogqirha ', uyakuchacha kuyo 85-95% yamatyala.

isifo ngakumbi kakhulu na uhlobo myelogenous. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, imali ihlawulwe yi 40-50%. Ukusetyenziswa weseli stem abohlukeneyo nako ukwandisa le pesenteji ukuya 55-60% up.

ekuxilongweni

Kukho iindlela ezintathu apho kuchazwa yayiyazi leukemia (wegazi, umhlaza igazi). Zingaphi live koko izigulane zixhomekeke nokusindlekwa kwesifo abanobuchule baze bachonge iimpawu zesi sifo.

Indlela elula ukuba unikele ngegazi phezu uhlalutyo eqhelekileyo. Hi ndlela leyi, ngamanye amaxesha sifo ibanjiwe xa kuhlolwa. Ukwehla level athwala, zegazi lwamajoni omzimba oluphezulu emhlophe cell wegazi ayikwazi kodwa beqikelela kwi ugqirha.

Indlela yesibini ezithile. Oku kubandakanya aspirate umongo wethambo. Ugqirha kwizicatshulwa iiseli ukuba ahlole ngemicroscope kwiilebhu. Bone nomongo zinokufikelela kuphela puncturing i umphandle wayo yenaliti ithambo okhethekileyo. Ngokwendalo, ukusetyenziswa zomzimba.

Kwaye ke wesithathu ibizwa biopsy umongo wethambo. Nguye zinzima. Kuba ugqirha lisusa intwana encinci bone umongo ithambo.

Indlela alulame

Unyango kwenzeka ngamanqanaba amathathu. Eyokuqala ibandakanya iingxaki unyango olunzulu igazi medullary. Chemotherapy kunceda ukuphelisa esenzeke. Kakade ke, le arhente cytotoxic abakhuselekanga, kodwa enye okwangoku kuphuhliswa.

Kulandele ukuhlanganiswa woyekelelo, eside; iinyanga ezintandathu. Izigulane ezimiselweyo iinkqubo kunye neziyobisi ezijolise ekuthinteleni lokwanda ziiseli zomhlaza, ukusuka apho kwakungekho lula ukuphelisa apha ekuhambeni nechemotherapy. Le yokugqibela sigaba sibandakanya unyango noncedo.

unyango omhle ngokwenene ixesha elide. Kukho abantu abaninzi abazange kuyaphula na esi sifo kakhulu ezifana igazi leukemia oyingozi. Bangaphi live, oogqirha yokwenene kwaye izigulane kunceda ecacile, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eli sifo kufuneka silwe, amnikele. Kwaye ngoko ke umhlaza ukwehla.