Igama nokuqina - ntoni na? Indlela ukuchaza kwimanyano elithi?

Kwizivakalisi ezimbaxa, ukuhlangana izihlanganisi. Oku akumangalisi, kuba inxalenye ezi zindululo, ngokungafaniyo slozhnosochinennogo ukuze lungenakunxityelelaniswa nangayiphi na enye indlela. Kufuneka siqonde ukuba yintoni na amagama encedisayo, yintoni azikuthandi imibutho kunye nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo kwisicatshulwa.

izihlanganisi

Oku iiyunithi intetho ekhethekileyo en- unxibelelwano zamagatya phantsi ndawonye abaziintloko njengenxenye isivakalisi esimbaxa. Eyona ngxaki inkulu benayo, kodwa ngaphandle isasebenza zahlukile.

I-Union lizwi eyahlukileyo, elingelilo ilungu kwezindululo, mayingabi ingathathelwa indawo lelinye igama elizimeleyo. Ilizwi nokuqina libhekisa iindawo ezizimeleyo zentetho kwaye ke ngoko isebenza isigwebo incanca yakhe. Kumbhalo ukuba kunokwenzeka ngaphandle ngokungenabungozi intsingiselo indawo ngamanye izimelabizo nezihlomelo pronominal, kuba nendima manyano yamagama kudlala ngokwazo kwezimelabizo kunye nezihlomelo.

Ezinye iimpawu umahluko

ezi ngasentla kuphela iimpawu ezisahlula izihlanganisi. Umahluko phakathi kwabo kulala ukuba iimanyano abanayo isivakalisi ntshikilelo ubhalo, liwa komdibaniso ilizwi. Thelekisa: "Ndiqinisekile (umbutho), akayi kuza." / "Andazi ukuba (igama nokuqina), iya kunyuka eli xesha."

Enye manyano yahlukile intetho Union emva kakhulu lisendaweni amasuntswana: oko kukuthi, nakuba. Emva komdibaniso amazwi, la masuntswana uhlangulayo. Nantsi eminye imizekelo: "Umsebenzi wam yangoku umdla ngaphezu (umbutho) kobokuqala." / "Fumanisa ukuba yintoni (union kunye yamasuntswana igama) uya kwenza." "Ndiyazi ukuba yintoni na (umanyene igama kunye yamasuntswana) uya kwenza."

Okokugqibela, kukho esinye iinkcukacha ukunceda ukwahlula phakathi iiyunithi ezifanayo syntactic: uyaqina maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba ukususa zonke iziphakamiso kancincane iziphumlisi yayo, kodwa akayi kuyinyamezela umbutho ilizwi. Imizekelo: "UNahum waxelela uOlga ukuba (umbutho) wayeza kutyelela umakhulu wam." Thelekisa: "UNahum waxelela Olga ukuba uza kutyelela umakhulu wam." / "UMikayeli wacinga ucinge ukuba (umanyene igama) kangaka ngokukhawuleza watshintsha ubomi bakhe." Akwenzeki ukuba ningazityesheli kwimanyano ilizwi, kungekhona ukufumana saa, "UMichael wacinga imvakalelo, ngoko ngokukhawuleza batshintsha ngayo ubomi bakhe bonke."

Okuthile imibutho

Unions kunye nezahlulo kuxhulumano zesindululo, kunye namalungu efanayo kwizivakalisi ezilula. Ngokutsho kwiimpawu morphological, baye bohlulwa ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo, kunye nambaxa kwi slozhnosochinennye. imibutho Slozhnosochinennye, yena, yahlulwe ngamaqela: uqhagamshelwano (yaye, kwakhona, kungekuphela nje ... kodwa); adversative (kodwa, kodwa, kodwa, kodwa); lidala (okanye, into ... into okanye hayi ... its not).

izihlanganisi Subordinating iintlobo ezintandathu:

• Isizathu: ngokuba koko, ukusukela, ngenxa yokuba, ngenxa yokuba, kunye nabanye. (Umzekelo: "Xa iindwendwe Antosha wafika, ngokuba lokuzalwa namhlanje.")
• Ithagethi: ukuze, ukuba, ukuze. (Umzekelo: "Ukuze ufumane uququzelelo, oko wamsa nekhampasi.")
• Khetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokucela: kude kube nini, sasinda, kuphela nje. (Umzekelo: "Kuya kubakho mnyama, ndakuba ndifikile kuwe.")
• Enemiqathango: ukuba, ukuba, ukuba, ukuba. (Umzekelo: "Sinako kwaphula ukuba utsibe ukusuka ephakamileyo enkulu.")
• Ukuthelekisa: ezifana ezifana ezifana like. (Umzekelo: "Yena yangqungqa njalo nangokuzinikela eziphefumlelweyo, ngokungathi ngexesha lokugqibela.")
• Izjasnitelnyh: efana naleyo. (Umzekelo: "Yena ebecinga ukuba indlela ngaphandle umdla urhano.")

Ngoku sihlalutya ngokweenkcukacha yintoni ingasetyenziswa ixabiso umqondiso amazwi womanyano.

izimelabizo

Ngoko ke, kuqala kwiinto zonke, izimelabizo isihlobo, ezo ezibonisa ukuba izinto, izibaluli nezenzo. Sele sibonile imizekelo nezimelabizo ngaphezu. Ukongeza zisebenzisa kubudlelwane nomntu ntoni, ngubani, leyo, nanjengoko lemanyano ilizwi. imizekelo:

• "Ndive omnye umntu ngoku sisebenza Ivan."
• "Cinga ngubani u nga langutana emaphandleni ishiywe."
• "Ndibone ubuhle, nto leyo engazange adibane kunye ngokuhamba kwakhe eSwitzerland."
• "Umlenze Sergei ubuhlungu, ebelisoloko elaye loyisa sezulu esibi."

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, umbutho wabasebenzi ilizwi angasoloko esaso isimelabizo. Umzekelo, isigwebo lokugqibela ingajongeka kunjalo:

• "Umlenze Sergei ubuhlungu, yena usoloko elaye loyisa sezulu esibi."

isimelabizo yesi indima intetho Union

Njengoko umanyano, wabathetheli bathi kangakanani ukuba kubizwa izimelabizo nje yesi:

• "Gennady ndathi ubudala indlela wayengekho eRashiya."

Le nokusetyenziswa kwezihlomelo pronominal

Indima ye-Union lingaphumeza amagama kunye nezimelabizo nezihlomelo: apho, apho, apho, njani, nini, kutheni, kutheni, kutheni. Nanga amacebiso amagama encedisayo kolu didi:

• "Sixelele kum ziyafana zonke, apho uya khona qho ebusuku."
• "Eugene wavuma, apho wenza izigidi bakhe."
• "Ndiyazi apho emva kwesidlo sasemini."
• "Alec ngomonde wandixelela njani yaye kutheni yena ekampini yotshaba."
• "Amatyala lo mzuzu xa izandla uhle, yaye akukho iphefumlelwe okanye amandla."
• "Ufuna ukwazi ukuba kutheni weza kweli nenekazi."

Yaye ezi zindululo mazwi encedisayo kungenziwa indawo ngamanye amazwi abalulekileyo, engqina ngengqiqo yokuba akunakwenzeka ukwenza kunye nemibutho.

Ezinye iinkalo komdibaniso kwamagama

Ingakumbi komdibaniso kwamagama yinto yokuba bakha isibini esitalini ngamazwi zokwalatha, ngoko - njengokuba apho - apho kangaka - kangakanani, yena - ngubani, yintoni - yintoni na - ngubani - ntoni kunye nabanye. imizekelo:

• "Ndim kuphela ubutyebi ebiza ethe yaveliswa ngezipha ngokunyaniseka."
• "Matrona wayesazi amazwi amaninzi nje, kubonakala ngathi, awukhumbuli umntu omnye."
• "Nantso loo ndoda omuhle wanika abantu ithemba."

Allied amagama kwizivakalisi ezimbaxa akufuneki mazingabhidaniswa nemibutho ahlanganisiweyo. Umahluko phakathi kwabo nga kumiselwa inkqubo yangaphambili. Nanku umzekelo, ipere kakuhle - njengokuba:

1. Ekubeni - umanyano ingxenye, "kulya wathi nto, njengoko akafihli nto kuthi." Isindululo ayilo ilungu isindululo Alliance, oko akuthethi ukuba le ntshikilelo ubhalo, loo nto indawo igama elizimeleyo. Ukuba uyayisusa, ngokubeka endaweni colon, intsingiselo iingxelo akayi kutshintsha, "ilya nto wathi: akafihli nto kuthi."
2. Ngoko - njani na manyano isibini yamagama amazwi isalathisi efana nale: "Akuzange kukhe kufuneke ukuba ukujongana nale ngxaki njengoko wenza ukuba namhlanje." Union njengegama - oko isihlomelo pronominal kwisivakalisi yinto amanyathelo. Okubangela ntshikilelo ubhalo, emva yamasuntswana efanelekileyo, oko ayinakucinywa ukusukela isindululo, ngaphandle kwefuthe intsingiselo. Kukho kwakhona umahluko iziphumlisi: phakathi kwezahlulo zizonke zakhe uphawu iziphumlisi Union ayenzelwanga, naphakathi index kunye ilizwi Allied na. Ukongeza, lo gama akuthethi ukuba akhombe ndiwenza nomiyo ecaleni Union: "Akuzange kukhe kufuneke ukuba ukusombulula le ngxaki, njengoko ndenzayo namhlanje."

Siye safumanisa ukuba ilizwi nokuqina, indlela yahlukile manyano, nendlela ukuthintela iimpazamo njengengcaciso.