Ibhomu leCobalt njengezixhobo zokubhubhisa.

Ibhokhwe ye-cobalt yindlela yokuguqulwa kwezixhobo zokutshabalalisa ngokubanzi, okukhokelela kumadireji aphezulu okuchithwa kwee-radioactive kunye nokungcola kwendawo kunye ne-small explosion force. I-Cobalt ibhomu ibhekisela kwizixhobo ezihamba nge-radiological, apho i -radiation ionizing inobungozi . Ngethuba elifanayo, ngenxa yobuthathaka obuthathaka bokuqhushulwa, phantse zonke izibonelelo, izakhiwo, izakhiwo nezakhiwo zihlala zihambelana.

Ibhokhwe ye-cobalt yintsikliya yenyukliya, igobolondo engenziwanga kwi-uranium-238, kodwa ukusuka kwi-cobalt-59. Ngethuba lokutshatyalaliswa, igobolondo ixiliswe nge-neutron flux enamandla, ekhokelela ekutshintsheni kwe-cobalt-59 kwi-cobalt-60 isotopu. Ubomi obunemizuzu engaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5. Njengomphumo wokubola kwe-beta yale nuclelide, iifenethi ezingama-60 kwimeko esebenzayo, emva kwexesha elidlulayo eliya phambili.

Umsebenzi we-cobalt-60 ubunzima begram iyalinganiselwa kwi-1130 Il. Ukuchaphazela ngokupheleleyo umhlaba wonke ngomhlaba nge-radiation kwinqanaba legramu / khilomitha ye-cobalt-60, malunga neetoni ezi-510 ezifunekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuqhuma kwebhobho leyo kunokuchaphazela umhlaba malunga neminyaka engama-50. Amagama anjalo adala ashiya ithuba elincinane labantu ukuba basinde kwiintsholongwane nakwiiblue bunkers.

Kukholelwa ukuba ibhokhwe ye-cobalt ayizange idale, ngoko ayikho kwi-arsenal yeliphi na ilizwe. Isixa esincinane sale nqaku sisetyenzisiweyo kwiimvavanyo zezixhobo zenyukliya zaseBrithani kuma-markchemic markers. Akukho zithintelo ezinkulu ekudalweni kweempawu ezinjalo ngokwemigaqo yobugcisa , nangona kunjalo izinga eliphezulu lokungcola kwendawo kunye nobude balo abuvumeli ukuba luvavanywe ngokukhuselekileyo. Iimpawu ezinjalo azizange zenziwe kwaye zivavanywe ngenxa yengozi enkulu ekusebenziseni kwabo abahlaseli ngokwabo.

Indlela ebhetele kakhulu yokusebenzisa ibhobho ye-cobalt kukuyikhupha phezulu, mhlawumbi kude nommandla weentshaba, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zemozulu. Kule meko, injongo kukuwa kwe-radioactive phezu kwintsimi yintshaba, eyona nto ingakwazi ukutshabalalisa bonke ubomi kuyo.

Ingcamango yale bhobho yenzelwe ngu-Leo Sylard we-physicist, owenza ukuba i-arsenal yamabhomu e-cobalt inokutshabalalisa bonke abantu behlabathi. I-Cobalt yonyulwa ngenxa yokuba i-activation ye-neutron inikezela ukungcola kwe-radioactive eqinile. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ezinye izakhi ezenza i-isotopes kunye ne-half half-life when it creates such a weapon, kodwa umsebenzi wabo awunelanga. Kukho ama-isotopshane amafutshane afana ne-cobalt-60, efana ne-sodium-24, i-zinc-65 kunye negolide-198, kodwa ngenxa yokubola kwayo ngokukhawuleza, inxalenye yoluntu iyakwazi ukusinda ukuhlambuluka kwendawo kwimibhobho.

U-Academician Sakharov, owakha ibhomu lokuqala le- hydrogen, naye wenza inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni i-thorium-cobalt ibhomu waza wabiza ngokuthi "i-toadstool-stinker". Nokuba kudalwa ibhomu le-hydrogen kunye nokuvavanywa kwakhe akuzange kubangele isazi "sithandeka" siphumelele. Ibhokhwe ye-cobalt inokuqwalaselwa kanyekanye ne-neutron ne-radiological, ebizwa ngokuba "yinqambi" isikhali.