Ukuphuza izinga lomgangatho wamanzi: GOST, SanPiN, inkqubo yolawulo lwekhwalithi

Water - yeyona element, ngaphandle apho bekuya kuba nzima ukuvela eziphilayo emhlabeni. Umzimba womntu, njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, awukwazi ukubakhona ngaphandle amanzi anika ubomi, kuba ngaphandle kwalo akuyi kusebenza, akukho iseli emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, nokuhlola umgangatho wamanzi okusela kungumsebenzi obalulekileyo nayiphi na abacinga malunga nempilo yabo kunye nokuhlala umntu.

Kungani amanzi

Body Water - icandelo lesibini ngokubaluleka zilandelayo umoya. Kuyinto ekhoyo kuzo zonke iiseli, imibutho kunye nezihlunu umzimba. It lubricates emalungwini ethu, moistens yeso kunye inwebu yangaphakathi, ebandakanyekileyo thermoregulation, kuyanceda ukufunxa izondlo kunye nemiboniso ezingeyomfuneko, inceda nempahla intliziyo negazi, kwandisa zokuzikhusela zomzimba kwaye inceda silwe uxinzelelo ukudinwa, ulawula ukutya.

Ngomhla umntu oqhelekileyo kufuneka asele iilitha ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu amanzi acocekileyo. Le lincinane esithembele ngenxa yethu kwintlalo-ntle kunye nezempilo.

Ukuphila nokusebenza phantsi air-conditioner, iindawo ezomileyo kunye kakuhle umoya, Baninzi abantu jikelele, ukusetyenziswa ukutya ihlwempu-umgangatho, ikofu, iti, utywala, dukuthamba - konke oku kukhokelela emzimbeni kwaye zifuna amanzi olongezelelweyo.

Easy ukuqashela ukuba eli xabiso lamanzi ebomini kufuneka ukuba iimpawu ezifanelekileyo. Zeziphi imigangatho umgangatho wamanzi okusela eRashiya namhlanje kwaye udinga ngokwenene khona ukuze imizimba yethu? Kule kamva.

amanzi acocekileyo kunye nempilo yabantu

Kakade ke, wonk 'uyazi ukuba amanzi esiyisebenzisayo kufuneka ucoceke kakhulu. Angcoliswe abangela izifo ezoyikekayo ezifana:

• Kholera.
• Segazi.
• yicesina.
• Hookworm.
• Senyongo.
• Fever.
• Sokuphunza.
• izifo Various olwaye lwamfimfitha.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ezi zifo ngempilo buthathaka yaye wathabatha ubomi zakule. Kodwa namhlanje, iimfuno umgangatho wamanzi kuvumela ukuze sizikhusele zonke kwiintsholongwane izifo nathi. Kodwa ukongezelela amagciwane amanzi siqulathe iziqalelo ezininzi lwezakhi, leyo ngesifo rhoqo omyinge ezinkulu kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu.

Cinga eminye imichiza eyingozi

• intsimbi kwemfuneko emanzini kubangela negazi kunye nesifo sezintso.
• A isiqulatho manganese enkulu - wezakhi.
• Xa imigangatho ephakamileyo kloride kunye sulfates ezi nezitenxo ebona kwisiqwenga zesisu.
• I-excess magnesium calcium isiqulatho kwamanzi unika ebizwa ngokuba yi-ngqongqo kwaye ibangela samathambo kunye lithiasis yabantu (zezintso, wokuchama kunye bladders nenyongo).
• Umxholo fluorine ngaphezu uluhlu oluqhelekileyo kukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu emazinyweni kwisisu ngomlomo.
• Emanzini, ilothe, iarseniki - zonke khompawundi liseyityhefu zonke izinto eziphilayo.
• Uranus ngeedosi eziphezulu imisebe.
• Isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, yonakalisa ubuchopho ebalulekileyo zinc.
• Aluminiyamu ibangela kwesibindi kunye nezintso izifo, ianemia, iingxaki kunye luvo, sikabhobhosi.

Kukho ingozi enkulu yokudlula nemimiselo SanPiN. Ukusela amanzi kugcwale imichiza usebenziso rhoqo (ixesha elide) ingabangela ukunxila engapheliyo, kukhokelele kuphuhliso zifo zikhankanywe apha. Musa ukulibala zizizwe kakubi baphathwe kunokuba yingozi kuphela yokufakwa kodwa wafunda ngesikhumba ngexesha yokucocwa kwamanzi (ukuthatha ishawa, ibhafu, siqubha echibini).

Ngenxa yoko, siyaqonda ukuba izimbiwa, macro-kunye Izakha, nto leyo ibe ncinci kuzisa kuphela nathi sizuze, agqithisile kunokubangela kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha na ukunyhashwa noqhekeko lonke eziphilayo.

Iimpawu eziphambili (imigangatho) Umgangatho wamanzi okusela

• Iipropati Organoleptic - umbala, incasa, ivumba, umbala, izinto elubala.
• Ezinobungozi - kubukho bamachiza eziyingozi (phenols, iarseniki, izinambuzane, i-aluminiyamu, ilothe, kunye nabanye).
• Neziphawuli ezichaphazela iimpawu amanzi - ukuqina, pH, phambi ioli, nitrate intsimbi, manganese, potassium, emanzini njalo njalo.
• Imali eseleyo emva kokuqhutyelwa iikhemikhali - chlorine, isilivere, chloroform.

Namhlanje iimfuno ukuze umgangatho wamanzi eRussia engqongqo kakhulu kwaye kulawulwa yimithetho zangasese kunye nezithethe SanPiN emfutshane. Ukusela amanzi aphuma etephini, ngokutsho amaxwebhu alawulayo, aqaqambe ukuze kusetyenziswe ngaphandle koloyiko impilo yabo. Kodwa ke ngelishwa, ngokwenene ekhuselekileyo, crystal olucacileyo nokuba luncedo ekunokuthiwa kuphela kwinqanaba kwezibonelelo zonyango. Ngaphezu koko, edlula networks ubudala, ngokufuthi umhlwa banxibe ubonelelo lwamanzi, noko lizele ezincane yingenelo mineralize kwaye kuyingozi imichiza (ilothe, imetyhuri, intsimbi, chromium, esiyityhefu).

Apho athathe amanzi ukucoca zoshishino

• Amadama (amachibi kunye nemilambo).
• imithombo komhlaba (manzi, imithombo).
• Imvula kunye meltwater.
• amanzi Desalinated is.
• Amanzi avela kwazo.

Kutheni emanzini iyasuleleka

Kukho imithombo eziliqela ungcoliseko lwamanzi :

• inkunkuma kamasipala.
• inkunkuma Communal.
• izinto ezikhutshwa kwiifektri.
• Nabantwana inkunkuma yemizi-mveliso.

Amanzi: Standard (normal)

ukuba iimfuno zamanzi yegesi eRashiya zilawulwa yi imimiselo ka SanPiN 2.1.1074-01 no GOST. Nazi ezinye izalathisi ezingundoqo.

ulawulo State of komgangatho wamanzi

Inkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho wamanzi okusela kuquka ukhetho rhoqo amanzi etephini eesampuli ngokupheleleyo ihlolwe zonke izibalo. Inani yokuhlolwa kuxhomekeka wakhonza abemi:

• Ngaphantsi kwe-10 000 abantu - kabini ngenyanga a.
• 10 000-20 000 abantu - izihlandlo ezilishumi ngenyanga.
• 20 000-50 000 abantu - amaxesha amathathu ngenyanga.
• 50 000-100 000 abantu - izihlandlo ezilikhulu ngenyanga.
• Ngaphezu koko, ngetsheki enye eyongezelelweyo ngenxa bonke abantu 5000.

Amanzi emithonjeni kunye yezitsala

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu bakholelwa ukuba amanzi avela amaqula nemithombo ngaphezu Kwitephu yamanzi yaye ilungele ndisele. Enyanisweni oku akuyonyaniso. Isampula amanzi avela kwimithombo ezinjalo phantse lonk ubonisa nkalongoko yayo ukusela nkqu ngohlobo ebila lobukho yodaka ezinobungozi kunye uyosuleleka, ezifana:

• organic - carbon tetrachloride, acrylamide, IVinyl chloride kunye nezinye iityuwa ..
• iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo - imigaqo nezinki agqithisileyo, ilothe, nickel.
• Ekuzakuqalwa - E. coli iintsholongwane.
• enzima.
• Zinambuzane.

Ukuze siphephe iingxaki zempilo, amanzi kuwo onke amaqula namaqula kufuneka ihlolwe ubuncinane kabini ngonyaka. Kungenzeka, emva isampulu, ukuthelekisa iziphumo nemigangatho awasele umgangatho wamanzi kufuneka Ukuseka iinkqubo lokucoca singahambi kwaye uyazihlaziya rhoqo. Ngokuba amanzi yendalo liyatshintsha kwaye ihlaziywa, kwaye umxholo ubumdaka kulo iza kutshintsha ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Indlela emanzini ngokwakho

Namhlanje athotyiweyo kukho inani elikhulu lwezixhobo ezizodwa uvavanyo ikhaya kwezinye izalathi si zokunikwa umgangatho wamanzi. Ke kaloku ke ilula kakhulu yaye zifikeleleke kubo ngeendlela wonke:

• Ukumisela ubukho neetyuwa kunye ukungcola. Enye nethontsi eli lamanzi kufuneka isetyenziswe ukucoca iglasi ze ulinde de womile. Ukuba emva koko iglasi akayi kuhlala umtshato, ngoko ke amanzi ingqalelo icocekile ngokugqibeleleyo.
• Siza kuqinisekisa ubukho iintsholongwane / Cya / iikhemikhali / organic izinto. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bazalise ilitha ezintathu-neselwa lamanzi, inshorensi kwaye ushiye kwindawo emnyama iintsuku 2-3. uqweqwe Green ezindongeni iya kubonisa ubukho ezincinane, kwentlenga kwi iibhanki bottom - ubukho organic izinto ezingaphezulu phezu ifilimu - of iikhompawundi chemical yingozi.
• ngokungalunganga amanzi uncedo ukuqinisekisa uvavanyo ngokwesiqhelo kunye nesisombululo potassium permanganate. Malunga 100 ml yezisombululo ukulungele ezibuthathaka potassium permanganate kufuneka engekabili iglasi yamanzi. Amanzi kufuneka ube ngumthunzi lighter. Ukuba umthunzi sitshintshele tyheli - la manzi kuthathwa ngomlomo ayikhuthazwa.

Kakade ke, aba uvavanyo ekhaya indawo uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha kwaye uqinisekise ukuba amanzi udibana imigangatho karhulumente. Ke, ukuba akukho ndlela yokwenza okwexeshana njengoko indlela laboratory ukufuma, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubhenela ubuncinane ukhetho olunjalo.

Phi na indlela ongathatha ngayo amanzi ukuba uhlalutyo

Norms komgangatho wamanzi okusela umntu ngamnye ngoku ukulawula zabo. Ukuba kukho urhano lokuba amanzi etephini lingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuneko zolawulo, kubalulekile ukuba kudlule phezu kwabo amanzi iisampuli. Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba wenze amaxesha 2-3 ngonyaka, xa umntu esebenzisa amanzi equleni, iqula okanye emthonjeni. ukuya phi? Oku kungenziwa yococeko kunye epidemiological kwisitishi zemimandla (SES) okanye toll laboratory.

Kwathathwa uhlalutyo amanzi iisampulu ziya kuvavanywa ukuba ezinobungozi, organoleptic, iikhemikhali kunye ekuzakuqalwa iparameters ngokuhambelana nemigangatho eziqhelekileyo. Ngokutsho iziphumo zeemvavanyo kwilebhu eqhelekileyo ikhupha ingcebiso ukufaka iinkqubo product olongezelelweyo.

Iinkqubo Ekhaya lokucoca ulwelo

Indlela ukugcina umgangatho wamanzi okusela ngokwemigangatho? Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuze bracer bekusoloko somgangatho ophezulu?

Indlela kuphela phandle - ukuseta iinkqubo lokucoca zokubhala.

Kukho amacebo ngohlobo zeebhekile, nemilomo kwi crane kunye desktop iibhokisi - zonke ezi ntlobo zifanelekile kuphela ekuqaleni okulungileyo umgangatho amanzi etephini. Kakhulu kwaye enamandla amacebo (phantsi iyatshona, zokubhala, intlenga) zisetyenziselwa ngakumbi ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa nokusulungekiswa kwamanzi kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo, kumakhaya ezisezidolophini catering ezithuba.

Eyona engcono kude zijongwa amacebo ezizodwa kunye nenkqubo inwebu. Ezo unit yokuqala nekhulu ekhulwini lisihlambulula amanzi konke ukungcola, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, uze uphinde mineralizes izimbiwa yayo kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ifayini onako ukunizimasa kwegazi negazi ukwetyisa, kwaye ikuvumela ukugcina phezu yokuthenga amanzi asebhotileni.

Kuthekani ukuba akukho lokucoca ulwelo

Sonke ukususela ebuntwaneni baqhele ukuba basele amanzi abilayo. Kakade ke, uthi lahla eziyingozi micro-eziphilayo, kodwa emva abilayo oko kuba yingozi ngakumbi kwimpilo:

• Iityuwa phantsi reflux kwenze.
• Mpilo kulahleka.
• Chloro e nokubilisa, yenza ezimbaxa ityhefu.
• Ngenye imini, emva kokuba amanzi abilayo uba izimfimfithi-zonke iintlobo iintsholongwane.

Ekubeni isiqinisekiso ukhuseleko amanzi etephini, akukho namnye unako, kwaye icebo lokucoca kodwa, ukususela Cya kusafuneka ukuba balahle nakanjani. Khumbula eminye imithetho sibila 'luncedo';

• Phambi kokuba ubilise amanzi, wuyeke kuma iiyure 2-3. Ngeli xesha uninzi chlorine ukuba ngumphunga.
• Vala iketile ngoko nangoko emva kokuba amathumba. Kulo mzekelo, uninzi izinto zokulanda umkhondo ukuba sigcinwe ze iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya babe nexesha lokuba afe.
• Ungaze store ebilisiweyo kwamanzi iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-24.