Ulwandle lwaseZhiguli lufanelekile ukutyelela

Ulwandle lweZhiguli ... Ngaba wakha weva ngendawo enjalo kwintsimi yaseRussia Federation? Njengoko umkhuba ubonisa, akubona wonke umntu onokuphendula lo mbuzo ngokuqinisekileyo. Kwakungekho ngokungafundi. Kungenzeka ukuba akukho nto ikumangalisayo kulo nto, kuba abaninzi bethu bevela kwibhentshi yesikolo ukubiza lo mthombo waseCibibhehev.

Eli nqaku alithethi nje ngeli ndawo, kodwa likwazisa abafundi ngeempawu zalo kunye nembali yendalo, kunye nolwandle lwaseZhigulevskoe ngokwenene luyakwazi ukumangalisa.

Kwakhona kunokwakufuneka kunikwe umdla, kodwa ngelo xesha iifayili ezingaziwa.

Icandelo 1. Inkcazelo ngokubanzi

I-Kuibyshev Reservoir, eyaziwa ngokuba nguLwandle lweZhiguli, yasungulwa ngo-1955-1957. Njengomphumo wokwakhiwa kwesitishi samandla kagesi samanzi entlambo yoMlambo waseVolga ngaseStvropol, kwidolophu ebizwa ngokuthi yiZhiguli.

Ekuqaleni, iinjongo eziphambili zezityalo zamandla zaziveliswa ngumbane. Ekuqaleni, akukho mntu wayekulindelwe ukuba ixesha elide liza kudlulayo, kwaye enye yezona zikhulu ezinkulu zehlabathi ezinexesha elingaphezu kwama-500 km, indawo yesirinji yamanzi eyi-6 500 km2 kunye nomthamo wamanzi omkhulu we-58 km³ iya kubonakala kule ndawo.

Kwimihlaba, uLwandle lwaseZhigulevskoe , olukhangela amakhulu amabini abantu abahamba ngeeholide minyaka yonke, lufikelela ezihlalweni zaseKu, eSviyaga, eKazanka nakweminye imilambo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukudalwa kwendawo yamanzi kuye kwatshintsha ngokupheleleyo isimo sezulu. Ngoko, ukuya kutsho, ukuguqulwa kwamanqanaba emanqanaba kusetyenziswa kwiimitha ezi-5 kuya kwezingama-6 eKazzan, nangona ngaphambi kokuba kufinyelele kwiimitha ezili-10-11. Ukongeza, i-microclimate yomhlaba ibe yinto enye, kwaye iindawo ezininzi zokuhlaselwa kwamanzi zaqala.

Icandelo 2. Ngaba kuyimfuneko, uLwandle lweZhiguli?

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokuqala kweentsuku zasehlobo zasefudumele, sonke sizama ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba sibalekele endalo: elwandle, elwandle, emlanjeni okanye ekugqibeleni. Akunakwenzeka ukuba nabani na oya kukhanyela ukuba i-Zhigulevsky Sea yokuphumla inikezela ngokumangalisayo, njengoko bathethayo, kuyo yonke into efanelekileyo kunye nekhredithi. Kodwa, ngelishwa, kukho ingcipheko kwingqekembe.

Ukususela kwisiseko se-Kuibyshev, kuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwama-55, kwaye izazinzulu azikhawulezi ukuba ziqinisekise abantu abahlala kwingingqi yaseUlyanovsk ngeendaba ezilungileyo.

Ngalesi xesha ummandla walahlekelwa yikona yeSikhumbuzo, endleleni eya emanzini amaninzi kwakukho uluntu lwentlalo ye-Philharmonic kunye nezitalato zonke zokuhlala. Ngaphantsi kwamanzi wathatha iindawo zokuhlala ezingama-30, iihektha ezingama-196 zomhlaba, iikhilomitha zemizila kunye neendlela.

Ngenxa yentlekele, ikhomishini yokuhlola okhethekileyo yenziwe, yenzelwe ukuqwalasela iimeko kunye namathuba okuvuselela abahlali bendawo. Abaninzi babo bavuma ukushiya amakhaya abo, kwaye baphoqeleka ukuba baphume emakhaya abo. Kungekudala emva kokukhukula kwezitrato kunye neenqanawa zaqala ukuvela. Amangcwaba aphefumle, kwaye abantu bazingcwaba izihlobo zabo apho.

Ukongezelela, ixabiso lezithethe - ibhotwe kunye nenkundla yemidlalo, eyayihlala kwidolophini yaseVinogradov - ilahlekile. Arkhangelsk, isikolo sebhodi, apho abantwana babantu abahloniphekileyo bafundela khona, kuquka no-Ivan Goncharov. Icawa yahamba phantsi kwamanzi.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kuyaqhubeka kunye namaxesha amaninzi.

Icandelo 3. lokuloba

Kodwa akuyona into embi kakhulu, kunjalo, kukho ixesha elihle. Ngokomzekelo, ekubeni ukubonakala kwe-Kuibyshev igumbi kwi-Volga, abemi bezilwanyana zasemakhaya baye batshintshile, kwaye ngoku inani lenani leentlanzi lihluka ukusuka kwi-40 ukuya ku-42. Zonke ezi ntlobo zihlukaniswe zibe ziinkalo ezi-6 ezingafaniyo:

• I-plain-plain (pike, roach, ide, head, minnows, gold, kunye ne-silvery carp, i-perch, i-ruff, i-spike);
• Amphiboreal yamanzi amanzi (i-pike, i-carp, i-sterlet, i-catfish);
• Amanzi amanzi aPonti (i-bream, i-rudd, i-chehon, i-podost, i-asp);
• Amanzi amanzi ase-Arctic (i-smelt, i-vendace, i-burbot, i-peled);
• Ulwandle lwePontiki (i-goby-round, i-tulka, inhlanzi-inaliti, umthendeleko weenkwenkwezi);
• Ithafa yaseTshayina (iikhabhathi ezimhlophe, iiglavu-rotan, i-white car and motley yesilivere).

Nangona kunjalo, ukuloba kufuneka kuphathwe ngokuqapha kule ndawo. Kwangaphambili kwangoko, izazinzulu zifumene umxholo ophezulu we-zinc entlanzi. Iintlobo aziguquleli kuphela, ziguqula ukubonakala kwazo, kodwa zinokuba yingozi kubantu. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-1996 emanzini asondele kwisixeko saseTogliatti uhlalutyo lwabemi basekuhlaleni lwenziwa kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwabonakala kwi-49.4% yentlanzi.

Icandelo 4. Indawo ekhethiweyo yeholide

Uloliwe "uLwandle lweSamara-Zhigulevskoe" lufunwa naluphi na ixesha lonyaka, kwaye kungekhona kuphela ehlobo, njengoko kubonakala ngathi kuqale.

Ewe, imbali ye-Kuibyshev ayinakuvuyisa, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha inxalenye yayo engaphantsi ibiye yabizwa ngokuba yiLwandle lweZhiguli, kwaye i-expanses yayo inokutsala abaninzi abafuna ukuphumla kakuhle. Amaziko okuzonwabisa ezithandwa kakhulu eRiphabhliki yaseTatarstan, e-Laishevsky yesithili.

Umzekelo omhle wokungenisa izihambi zendawo, ukulungelelanisa, inkonzo enhle kunye nenendawo efanelekileyo yindwendwe eninzi "Indawo yokuhlangana" kunye neziko lozonwabisa "iKosky prostory". Ezi zibini zombini zifumaneka kwiindawo ezintle kakhulu, apho imilambo emithathu idibanisa khona: iVolga, i-Kama ne-Mesh. Le ntsimi ithathwa njengelungileyo kubantu abathanda ukuloba, kunye neeholide yentsapho ecocekileyo.

Ngokukodwa iindwendwe zinikwe kwiindawo zokuqeshisa izikhephe kunye nethuba lokumema ukuhanjiswa kweendawo ezikude. Ulwandle lwaseZhiguli (iSamara) luyakwazi ukufumana iindwendwe.

Icandelo 5. Ulwazi olunomdla noluncedo

• Isitya seKuibyshev siquka imihlaba yemimandla emibini kunye neerhulumente ezihlukeneyo ezintathu, oko kukuthi, imimandla yaseSamara ne-Ulyanovsk, iiRiphabhuliki zaseTatar, zaseMari naseChuvash.
• Izinga lamanzi elwandle lingahluka kwiimitha ezili-6. Ukuloba kuphuhliswa kakhulu kwintsimi yendawo. Banokuzonwabisa eKazzan, Ulyanovsk, Cheboksary, Sengilee, Dimitrovgrad, Chistopol, Zelenodolsk, Volzhsk, Togliatti.
• Kuyo yonke indawo yase-Kuibyshev kukho izindlu ezininzi zeendwendwe, amaziko ezonyango, iziseko zethenketho, ezakhokelela ekuthandeni kwabathandi bezinto eziphumayo ezintle kwaye zingabizi.