I-Vacuol: isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi ye-organelles kwiiseli zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana

Enye yezakhiwo ezisisigxina zeeseli zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana zinezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko kumsebenzi kunye nemisebenzi kula maqela ezinto eziphilayo ziyimfuneko. Yiyiphi i-vacuole, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi yalo mgaqo kuya kuxutyushwa ngokucacileyo kwinqaku.

Yintoni i-vacuole?

I-Vacuol, iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi yazo eyahlukahluka kwimida ephawulekayo, ihlala ivela kwi-membrane vesicles ye- endoplasmic reticulum kunye ne-Golgi complex. Zonke i-vacuoles zi-organels membrane organels. Zifumaneka kuphela kwiiseli zezilwanyana ze-eukaryotic .

I-Vacuol: isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi (itafile)

Nangona kuvela imvelaphi eqhelekileyo, ezi zakhiwo kwinkqubo ye-ontogenesis zifumana udidi oluthile. Xa i-vacuole, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi ye-organelle inokufumaneka, kuxhomekeke kwindawo - yonke le datha ifumaneke kwitheyibhile.

Vacuoles Plant

I-Vacuol, esakhiweyo kunye nemisebenzi esiyiqwalaselayo, ibonakaliswa ngobukhulu obukhulu. Efumaneka kwiiseli zezityalo, izalisa indawo yonke ye-cytoplasm, apho ihlukaniswe khona igobolondo yayo - i-tonoplast. Olu hlobo lwe-vacuole lugxobhozo oluzaliswe ngelaphu yeseli. Yisilwanyana esisekelwe kumanzi. Kuyo, amaminerali, i-polysaccharides, iiprothini monomers kunye nezinye iingubo ziphela. Luhlobo lomthombo apho zonke izinto ezifunekayo zigcinwa. Zinceda iiseli ziphile ngempumelelo kwixesha elihle. Kweminye imveliso yesekondari ye-metabolism iqokelelwe, umzekelo, i-alkaloids, i-tannins, i-milky juice. Ayenzanga nje kuphela indawo yokugcina, kodwa kunye nomsebenzi okhuselayo, okhusayo izilwanyana ezininzi ezinomdla ongathandekiyo.

I-Contractile vacuoles

Kwiiseli zezilwanyana ezingekho kwiilwimi ezikhoyo zikhoyo zikhoyo. Isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi yayo ihlukile. Kuyi-vesicle yokuphosa elawula izinga lokunyanzeliswa kwe-intracellular kunye nokuxutywa kwezinto. Ngokomzekelo, i-amoeba kunye ne-infusoria bahlala kwindawo yendalo yamanzi, ukuxutywa kweetyu apho kudla ngokuphakamileyo kune-cytoplasm. Ngokwemithetho ye-physics, amanzi aya kufaka i-cage yezilwanyana-ukusuka kwindawo ene-concentration ephezulu ukuya kwincinci. Ngenxa yolu hlobo lwenkqubo, ukufa kwezinto eziphilayo kungeke kwenzeke. Iiphulophu ezinesivumelwano ezinqamlekileyo zixhomekeke kumanzi amaninzi kunye nosawoti ochithwe kuwo, ukugcina i-turgor yeselingi kwinqanaba eliqhubekayo, libe "ilungu" lokukhupha.

Ukunyuka kwamagciwane

Ezi ziphulo zizinto ezibonakalayo kwizilwanyana zezilwanyana. Kwiiyunithi ezingekho iiselellarlar, zibukeka njengeibhulabhu ezithintekayo izondlo kwaye zitshiswa. Ukuhlaselwa kweemveliso ezinokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kubonakala naphi na kwi-membrane yeseli okanye ngokusebenzisa i-powder ekhethekileyo. Kwizinto eziphilayo ezininzi, uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-vacuoles yi-lysosomes. Ezi zi -membrane organels eziqukethe ii-enzyme ze-hydrolytic. AmaLysosomes aqhuba iinkqubo ze-pinot kunye ne-phagocytosis, ukugaya izondlo kuphela, kodwa kunye neeseli ezifile.

Ngoko, i-vacuole, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi esiye siyicinga ngayo, ifumaneka kwiiseli zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo leyo, inokwenza ukugcinwa, ukugaya kunye nokulawula imisebenzi.