I-Tenge yimali ye-Kazakhstan emele

I-Tenge yilizwe likazwelonke laseKazakhstan, eliye kwintsimi yaseRephabliki ukususela ngo-1993. Kwiindawo ezininzi zebhanki zomhlaba jikelele, ibhanki kazwelonke yelizwe sele ifumene izibhengezo zokubakho ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neqondo lokukhusela. Ukuphazamiseka kukuba, kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokukhusela, imali, ngokweziphumo zango-2015, ithathwa njengeyona nto ingabizi kakhulu eYurophu.

Ngaphambili

Leli gama elithi "imali" yanikwa i-Middle Ages, xa imali, ebizwa ngokuthi "tanga", yayisetyenziselwa kwintsimi yaseKazakhstan nase- Asia Ephakathi . Kamva, izizwe zaseMpuma Yurophu zinegama elithi "imali", nayo iyimali. Kwaye namhlanje lonke igama eliqondakalayo "imali" alizange litshintshe ukubaluleka kwayo kwimbali.

Imbali yokudalwa kwemali kazwelonke yaseKazakhstan iqala ngo-1990. Ngelo xesha kwiRiphabhliki kwakukho i-ruble yeSoviet Union. Ukuze inkqubo yezimali yeRiphablikhi ibe yindawo emele ngakumbi eMoscow, uMongameli u-Nursultan Nazarbayev, kunye neBhunga eliPhezulu le-KazSSR, wadala umthetho olawula yonke inkqubo yebhanki yelizwe.

Oku kwenzeka ngoDisemba 1990. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu, utshintsho kwezobudlelwane beentengiso kunye noqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo lwe-USSR lwalukho . Zonke iibhanki zahlula zibe ngamaqela amabini: yokuqala yayiyinkundla yaseKazakhstan yeBhanki yeSizwe yase-USSR, kwinqanaba lesibini - iibhanki ezininzi zorhwebo, ezikhokelela umgaqo-nkqubo ozimeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho enye into kodwa. Ilizwe lalingenayo imali yalo, ngoko ezinye iimingcele kwinkululeko yezenzo zeenkqubo zezimali zaseKazakhstan zikhona. Ukuxhomekeka kwimeko ye-ruble kunye ne-State Bank yase-USSR.

Iprojekthi entsha

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uN. Nazarbayev ufundiswe ukuba aqale ukulungiselela i-tenge. Imali yayiza kutshintsha i-ruble. Ikhomishana yombuso malunga nemali yesizwe yasungulwa, eyayiqhutywa nguS. Tereshchenko, owayengumbongameli. Onke amaxwebhu ayenziwe nguD. Sembayev kunye neqela lakhe. Ulawulo lwemihla yonke into eyenzekayo lwenziwa ngumntu.

Abaqulunqi baceliwe ukuba baqhubele phambili kwiimbali zabo zembali kunye nezikhumbuzo zezokwakha. Kwaye kwacetyiswa ukuba ibonise uNazarbayev kwelinye lamanqaku eebhanki, apho wayiphendula ngokugatywa kwamagqabantshintshi.

Iqela elisebenzayo lalifunde ubuninzi beenkcukacha ezibonisa lonke ulwazi lokusungulwa kwemali yelizwe kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini, kubandakanywa namazwe aseCIS. Iipakethe ezipheleleyo zokulungiswa zilungiselelwe, zibandakanya iingingqi zezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezemali. IBhanki kaZwelonke ilungiselele amaxwebhu angama-18 alawula inkqubo yokulungisa. Kwinkqubo enzima ngokwenene, efuna ukuba iinkokheli zelizwe zihlawule ingqwalasela kunye nobuchule beengqondo.

Umzuzu wembali

Umsebenzi wokulungiswa wagqitywa ehlobo ka-1993. Ukushicilela iibhanki zebhanki zenze ukuvelisa e-UK. "Harrison kunye neNyana" - inkampani ezalise le myalelo. Yonke imisebenzi yenziwa ngeemeko ezinqinileyo. Iindiza ze-IL-86 zenza iindiza eziyi-18 ukuya nase-England. Ngokwamaphepha onke, ulwazi lufunyenwe ukuba iinqwelo zithwele izixhobo zokwakha. Iingxowa-mali zanikwa iJamani. Kwintsimi yaseKazakhstan, iindawo ezikhethiweyo eziphantsi komhlaba zazilungiselelwe ukugcina imali entsha.

Ngethuba lokusungulwa kweentengiselwano kubantu babethetha nomongameli waseKazakhstan. Ukutshintshiselwa kwamaruble endala kwi-tenge yaqala ngoNovemba 15, 1993 ngo-8: 00, iphelile ngoNovemba 20 waloo nyaka ngo-20: 00. Kwiintsuku ezingaphezulu kwe-6, ii-ruble ezili-950 zezigidigidi zaxoshwa kwi-circulation. Izinga lokutshintshiselwa (i-ruble kwi-tenge) yayingu-500: 1.

Ngaloo ndlela, ngomhla kaNovemba 15, 1993 kwakukho umcimbi wembali: i-tenge yaqaliswa-imali eyaziwayo yaseKazakhstan.

Ingqalelo: ukucinga kwimbali

Amanqaku ebhanki kunye neenkcukacha ze-1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, ze-500 zenzeke. Ukongezelela, i-1 tenge yayilinganiselwe kuma-tiyns angama-100, ngoko-ke ijikeleza ngexesha elithile kwakukho i-tiyns.

Njengoko kulindeleke, kwiibhanki zokuqala ezibonakalayo zibonise ubuntu bembali ngokusuka kwimvelaphi yendalo, ngasemva, izikhumbuzo zezokwakha kunye nezinto zendalo ziboniswe. Ekuqaleni, i-denomination ephezulu yayiyi-500 tenge. Amanqaku ebhanki axabisa amawaka angamawaka ayetyenziswe ngo-1995, 2000-ngo-1996, kunye no-5000-ngo-1998. Abamele abantu obunjalo bembali njengoSh. Valikhanov, S. Aronuly, Kurmangazy, A. Kunanbaev, Al Farabi, Khans Abylai noAbulkhair.

Amagatya okukhusela

I-Tenge yimali yaseKazakhstan, enesinye sezixhobo eziphambili zee-degree zokukhusela emhlabeni. Ekubeni, kukho ezili-17 eziye zazisetyenziswa okokuqala kwindlela yokusebenza kwehlabathi, njengokomzekelo, into yokuphikisa ukukopisha, ukushicilela kwe-iris, i-gold intaglio, njl. Oku kuye kwabangela ukuba iindleko ezininzi zelizwe eliphuhlisiweyo neliphuhlisayo zithathe isenzo saseKazakhstan. Yiyiphi intengiselwano, leyo imali yayo - abaninzi baye bafunda.

Ukususela kwimbali yokuhlaziywa

Zonke iindleko zelizwe zihlala zinciphisa, i-tenge ayikho enye into. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuba khona, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwaba yi-1158%, kunyaka ozayo-60%. Inqanaba elincinci lokunyuka kwamaxabiso lirekhodwe ngo-1998 kwaye lilinganiselwa kuma-2%.

Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokuwa kwamaxabiso eoli, ininzi yee-currencies zamazwe angaphandle aqala ukuhlawuleka. Ingxube yathintela njengokuba kungekho enye imali. Ngo-2015, i-tenge yaqatshelwa njengemali eyancitshiswa kakhulu eYurophu. Ukuqhathanisa: ekuqaleni kwehlobo le-2015 1 Iindleko ze-USD zingu-150, kwaye ngasekupheleni kwehlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwekwindla yonyaka onjalo sele sele sele i-190. Ekuqaleni kuka-2016 isantya saba ngu-380-390 kwi-dollar eyi-1.

Ngaloo ndlela, imbali yamagama aphakathi nendawo "tanga", "tenga", "danga" yahanjiswa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, apho iqhubeka khona ingxowankulu - imali yeKazakhstan yanamhlanje.