I-comma ngesiNgesi: imigaqo-siseko yeempawu zokubhala

I-comma ngesiNgesi yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye, ngoko ke, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekubhaliseni uphawu lokubhala. Kukho kwiimeko zokusebenzisa ii-commas ukuba kukho ubuninzi beengxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nemibuzo edlalwa yombono wombhali, ukuqonda kwengqondo yomntu kunye nokuchazwa kwimeko ethile kunye neemeko ezichazwe kwisicatshulwa. I-comma ngesiNgesi, ngokungafani nesiRashiya, ayisoloko ifakwa kwiigatya ezingezantsi ukuze zihluke kwizinto eziphambili, ngelixa ziseRashiya, amacandelwana ahlala ehlukana ngama-commas.

Xa i-comma ingafakwa

I-comma ayihlukaniswanga ngesiNgesi:

• Isihloko esingaphantsi / isingqinisiso / ukuxhasa:

Kubalulekile ukuba kufuneka abe khona ngoLwesithathu. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhona ngoLwesithathu.

Umgaqo wam kukuba awufanele usela. Imeko yam kukuba awusela.

Ndifuna ukuba ubize kungekudala. Sifakazela ukuba umbiza ngokukhawuleza.

• Amagatya aphantsi, apho kukho imeko xa belandela isigwebo esiphezulu:

Wamxelela konke xa ehla. Wamxelela yonke into njengoko ehamba ezitebhisini.

Kwafuneka ndiphelise umsebenzi wam ngaphambili ukuze ndincede unina. Kwafuneka ndigqibe umsebenzi wam ngaphambili ukuze ndincede umama.

Amapolisa anokuthatha imoto yakho. Amapolisa angayithatha imoto xa ubeka apho.

Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zisebenzisa i-comma

Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zisebenzisa i-comma.

• I-comma ngesiNgesi isoloko isetyenziswa xa ithetha.

I-Waiteress, ndingathanda imenyu, nceda. Umlindi , yizisa Imenyu , nceda .

Utata, akukho namnye apha. Utata, akukho mntu apha.

• I-comma ngesiNgesi isetyenziselwa ukwahlula izinto ezithile zokuhlawula:

I-Purple, iilly, izimbali ezibomvu zazalisa izitya ezininzi. Iifasesi zazizaliswe ngombala obomvu, i-lilac, iintyatyambo ezibomvu.

Akazange avuke, ajikeleze itafile, ehlangene phantsi aze athathe i-armchair encinane. Wavuka, wahamba ngeenxa zonke etafileni, waguqa waza wathabatha ityhutyana elincinane.

Uhleka, usela kwaye uthetha kakhulu. Uhleka kakhulu, utywala kunye neentetho.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kule meko i-comma ngaphambili kwaye ingasetyenziswa, kodwa kungekhona.

• Isetyenziselwa (kodwa kungenjalo) phakathi kwezivakalisi ezibini, izihlanganisi kunye / njenge / kodwa / nabanye. I-comma ngesiNgesi isetyenziswa rhoqo xa isigwebo sokuqala side:

Uya kuqinisekisa, kwaye ndiya kumnceda ngeengxaki zakhe. Uya kuqinisekisa oku, ndiya kumnceda ngeengxaki zakhe.

Bema ukujonga omnye nomnye, waza wabuza malunga nalo suku olukhuni. Bema ukujonga omnye nomnye, waza wabuza malunga nalo suku olukhuni.

Isihlwele sasicacisa, njengoko umlenze wayezama ukuzonwabisa kunye namahlaya akhe. Isihlwele savuya xa i-clown izama ukuzonwabisa kunye namahlaya akhe.

• Isetyenziswe emva kweemeko kumacandelwana angaphantsi kwesi sivakalisi esiphezulu:

Xa ehla phantsi, wamxelela ukuba u-Selena wayesele eze. Xa wehla, wamxelela ukuba u-Selena wayesele eze.

Ukuxhasa udadewethu, kwafuneka ahambe eMoscow. Ukuze ndincede udadewethu, kwafuneka ahambe eMoscow.

Emva kokubiza uSara, wuleza waya kwisikhululo. Emva kokubiza uSara, wuleza waya kwisikhululo.

Xa ungathandabuzeki, kufuneka uze undibone. Xa ungathandabuzeki, uze kum.

Ukuba ubeka imoto apho, amapolisa aya kubamba. Ukuba ubeka imoto apho, amapolisa aya kuwuthabatha.

• Isetyenziswe emva kwiphina inxalenye yesiphakamiso, apho kukho ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nesihloko:

Umlungiseleli, owayengumdala, watsho ukuba uyazi. Umlungiseleli, indoda ekhulile, wayithi uyazi .

Ubuqhetseba bokusetyenziswa

Umgaqo oqinileyo wokubhala izibheno zesiNgesi kukuthi ukusetyenziswa kwe-comma phakathi kwesihloko (izifundo ezininzi) kunye nesicaciso asivumelekile. Le meko ibonisa enye yeemeko ezimbalwa apho kunokwenzeka khona ukubeka i-comma, kodwa kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba kuphela ulwazi olongezelelweyo lugxininiswe yi-comma, kwaye kumacala amabini:

Intombazana eyayingumhle kakhulu, yanyuka ukuba yandibona. / Intombazana leyo, eyayibukeka imnandi kangangokuba ya ndibona. - zombini izivakalisi ayilunganga. Ayikho ikomfa yesibini .

Intombazana, owayeyindoda enhle kakhulu, yanyuka ukuba yandibona -kunjalo.

Le ndoda, eyandinceda ngalobo busuku. Indoda eyandinceda ngalobo busuku yathi wayandiqonda. - Engalungile, apha akukho nolwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nesihloko, kodwa kuphela inkcazo, ii-commas azifunwa.

Kunene : Indoda eyandincedayo ngalobo busuku.

Isiteyibrari kwisixhobo senyukliya, esasigxina iintsuku zee -ree, sele siphelile. - Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo zihlukaniswe ngama-commas, kuba kukho ulwazi oluthe ngqo. Ukubetha Kulo Nyukliya Utyalo , o luhlala Ezintathu Usuku , luphelile .

Umfazi owayethandwa nguTom wamshiya emva kweminyaka emihlanu. - Inkcazo, ii-commas azifunwa . Umfazi Yiyiphi Tom Ngaba Ngothando , ushiye Lakhe Emva koko Ezintlanu Iminyaka .

Umculo, ongenanto iminyaka emithathu, uthengisiwe. Indlu, eyayingenanto iminyaka emithathu, yayithengiswa.

Intombazana endifuna ukuyifumana nayo yayingekho kwikhefu. Intombazana endifuna ukuyifumana nayo yaya eholide.

Apostrophe (Apostrophe)

I-apostrophe okanye, ngokufanayo, i-comma (ngolwimi lwesiNgesi phezulu) ihlanganiswe kunye neleta s kuzo zonke iimeko zokusebenzisa ityala elithintekayo, ngaphandle kobuninzi bezinto kunye nezinto, lenziwa ngokwemiqathango emiselweyo (ngoko-apostrophe iya ngaphandle):

Ukujonga kukaBawo;

Indlobo yomsindisi;

Iiglavu zamadoda (amadoda-amadoda);

Imisebenzi yabafundi.

Qaphela:

I-comma ngesiNgesi ngaphezulu kwendlela yokwenza izinto ezifanelekileyo kumagama afanelekileyo, ekupheleni kwe-i - letters, ungasebenzisa zombini ukhetho:

Umfazi kaKing Charles / umfazi kaKing Charles.

Faka kwiifom ezifingqiweyo ukubonisa iileta okanye iinombolo ezingekhoyo:

Ndiyi-mna;

Nguye-yena / unako;

'86 - 1986.

I-apostrophe ihlanganiswa kunye neleta-xa yenza ubuninzi ukusuka kwiileta, iinombolo okanye izifinyezo (kunye namanani kunye neenhlamvu eziphambili i-apostrophe ingashiywa):

Ngama-1970 / ngawo-1970;

VIPs / VIPs;

Akakwazanga ukuhlula i-L'. Ngokuqinisekileyo wayichaza ngokucacileyo ileta L.

Ukwahlula xa kusasazwa

I-comma ngesiNgesi kwinkqubo yonyango kusetyenziswe ulwimi lwesiNgesi (e-American colon isetyenziswe) xa ubhala ukubhalisa kwezebhizinisi, kunye nokuthetha okulula kwansuku zonke.

Mnu. Frendick, Sifumene ileta yakho ...

Isetyenziselwa kwiibhamente ezisemthethweni okanye zoshishino emva kwegama elidlulileyo lokubingelelana, ukulihlula kwigama kunye nesimo (phakathi kokungabikho amanqaku okubhaliweyo):

Ngamakhoboka athembekileyo, / Ngokwenene, Ranason-.Ltd. A. Simpson Manager.

I-comma isetyenziselwa kwiidilesi kwiimvulophu okanye kwindawo engaphezulu yecatshulwa (ngasentla itekisi), ecacisa igama le-addressee / igama lombutho / idilesi / (i-comma ayifuniyo phakathi kweenombolo zomzi kunye negama lesitalato):

UStephen P. Denny, 5678 Starling Avenue, Garlem, LA 10857.

Kwakhona isetyenziselwa ukwahlula amagama acacileyo kwiintetho ezichanekileyo, ukuba akukho zinye iimpawu zokubhaliweyo:

"Unjani?" Nick ebuzwa. "Ulungile," waphendula. "Ngaba usalimaza?" Wabuza. "Hayi", wathi, "akuninzi." Wathi, "andiyazi."

I-Comma yeentetho zokuqala kunye namanye amagama

I-comma ngesiNgesi ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe.

Akakwazanga ukungena endlwini.

Izivakalisi ezineenkalo zifuna ukusebenzisa i-comma kumcimbi apho bahamba phambi kwesivakalisi esiphezulu. U the lekiso:

Ngenxa yokuba wayemangalisa, ndahlukana naye. Ngenxa yokuba wayemangalisa, ndahlukana naye.

I-comma ngesiNgesi emva kokuvula amagama (umzekelo: ngoko, kunjalo, mhlawumbi, mhlawumbi, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokwemvelo)

Enyanisweni, ndafumana ithuba elincinane lokukwenza.

Mhlawumbi, uTom wayeza eParis ngo-8 ntambama.

Ekubeni kwamagama angeniswayo athatha inxaxheba okanye iindaba ezilungileyo:

I-Heartbroken, uye waya kwikottege yakhe. Ngentliziyo ephukile, waya kwikhaya.

Isetyenziswe phambi kwegama , ukuba lihamba ngokubambisana (izivakalisi ezibini eziqhotyoshelwe yilo manyano azikho nto zihamba phambili phambi kweyona nto):

Ndamncenga ukuba abe khona, kuba ndibenolwazi oluthile lokumxelela. Ndamcela ukuba abe khona, kuba ndifuna ukumnika ulwazi.

Ndiyakwazi ukuthetha ngolu bhinqa. Ndiyakwazi ukuthetha ngalo mfazi, ekubeni ndambona ngaphambili.

Izixhobo zokusetyenziswa

Le yincinci nje yemithetho emele isetyenziswe kwimini yemihla ngemihla. Kwakusoloko kunceda ukuba ube phezulu xa uxhulumana nomntu odibeneyo ootitshala kwaye, ngaphandle kokungabaza, udibana, xubusha ngezihloko kwiifom.

NgesiNgesi, okanye kunoko, kwiilwimi zaseMelika, ezisetyenziselwa e-US, yonke into ilungiselelwe lula kakhulu. Lo mbandela wegrama kaMerika awubhatali ngqalelo enkulu, njengokuba, umzekelo, kwigrama yesiRashiya.

Inyaniso kukuba ootitshala ababini abahlukeneyo banokukuxelela imiyalelo eyahlukeneyo malunga nokusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwe-comma kwisivakalisi sesiNgesi, kwaye zombini inokuthi ilungile. Kwaye konke ngenxa yokuba e-America akukho ndlela ichanekileyo, inkqubo ehlelweyo yokusebenzisa i-commas. Kodwa kusekho imithetho eqhelekileyo, ngokubambelela kulo mntu unokufumana ulwazi olusisiseko lweempendulo zeNgesi.

Isiphelo

Kwimimiselo yesiNgesi, i-comma iyimpawu yokubhala izixhobo ezininzi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwangoku kungumzekelo nje kuphela wokuguqulwa kwesicelo seempompo, kodwa nendlela yokujonga ngayo yonke into ekuthethwa ngayo njengesigwebo esisigxina ngesiNgesi ishintshiwe. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, abalobi nabalobi basebenzisa i-semicolon apho i-comma enye isetyenziswa rhoqo, kunye ne-comma kulawo matyala apho kungekho ziphumlisi ezifunekayo kuzo zonke ngoku. Kule minyaka yeshumi elinamashumi amabini, kuye kwaba utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwimigaqo yokubhaliweyo yesiNgesi yanamhlanje.