I-cell glial. Imisebenzi kunye neempawu zamaseli ezinjenge-glial

Inkqubo yesifo ayiququzeleli kuphela i-neurons kunye neenkqubo zazo. Ngama-40% amelwa ngamaseli e-glial, adlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini bawo. Ziyakuthintela ngokwenene ubuchopho kunye nenkqubo yesifo kwiimeko zonke zomzimba kwaye iqinisekise umsebenzi wayo wokuzimela, obaluleke kakhulu kubantu nakwezinye izilwanyana ezinesistim se-nervous central. Kwaye iiseli ze-neuroglia ziyakwazi ukwahlula, ezahlula kwi-neurons.

Ingqiqo jikelele ye-neuroglia

Ubuninzi beeseli ezinqabileyo kuthiwa yi-neuroglia. Ezi ziindawo ezikhethekileyo zeeseli ezisekhompyutheni yomnatha kunye nakwi-periphery. Baxhasa umlo wengqondo kunye nomtya womgudu, kunye nokubonelela ngezondlo. Kuyaziwa ukuba kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi, ngenxa yobuninzi be -brain-brain barrier, ayikho impendulo yomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-antigen yangaphandle isingena kwingqondo okanye emthonjeni, kunye nakwi-cerebrospinal fluid, i-cell glial, i-analog encinci ye-macrophage yezicubu ze-peripheral, i-phagocytizes it. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlukana kwengqondo ephuma kumathisiphtha omhlaba anika i-neuroglia.

Ukukhusela umzimba wengqondo

Ingqondo, apho kuninzi ukuphendulwa kwezinto eziphilayo, oku kuthetha ukuba izinto ezininzi zenziwa, zimele zikhuselwe kwi-immunity immunity. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba izicubu ze-neuronal zeengqondo zithintela kakhulu umonakalo, emva koko i-neurons ibuyiselwe kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, ukubonakala kwendawo kwinkqubo yesistim ephakathi, apho iimpendulo zomzimba zomzimba ziza kudlulayo, ziza kubangela ukufa kweeseli ezithile ezijikelezileyo okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwemimoya ye-neuron.

Ngomda womzimba, lo monakalo kwiiseli ze-somatic ziya kuzaliswa kungekudala nabafundi abatsha. Kwaye kwinjongo ingenakwenzeka ukubuyisela umsebenzi we-neuron elahlekileyo. Kwaye i-neuroglia eyenza ingqondo ingakwazi ukudibanisa ne- immune system, apho inkqubo ye-nervous central ingumlinganiselo omkhulu wama-antigens angaphandle.

Ulwahlulo lweeseli ezinqabileyo

Iiseli ze-Glial zihlulwe zibe zimbini iintlobo kuxhomekeke kwi-morphology kunye nemvelaphi. Gxotha iiseli ezincinci kunye ne-macroglia. Uhlobo lokuqala lweeseli luvela kwiqabunga le-mesodermal. Lawa maseli amancinci aneenkqubo ezininzi, ezinokukwazi ukufumana iziqhamo ze-phagocytizing. I-Macroglia iyimvelaphi ye-ectoderm. I-cell glial ye-macroglia iyahlula kwiintlobo eziliqela kuye kuxhomekeke kwi-morphology. Amaseli e-Ependymal kunye ne-astrocytic, kunye ne-oligodendrocytes, ayahlukana. Ezi ntlobo zeentlobo zamaselula zidibene ngokwahlukeneyo.

Ependymal cell cell

I-ependymal cell glial zenzeka kwiindawo ezithile zesistim se-nervous. Bakha i-endothelial lining ye-ventricle ye-cerebral kunye nomgca ongaphakathi. Imvelaphi yabo kwi-embryogenesis, ithatha kwi-ectoderm, kwaye ngoko imela uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-neuroepithelium. I-multi-layered and performs a number of functions:

• Inkxaso: yakha isakhelo somatshini we-ventricles, egcinwa yinycinezelo ye - hydrostatic ye- cerebrospinal fluid;
• Imfihlo: uyangenisa utywala ezinye iikhemikhali;
• Ukunciphisa umlinganiselo: ukwahlula ingqondo yengqondo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid.

Iintlobo ze-ependymocytes

Phakathi kwe-ependymocyte kukho iindidi zazo. Ezi zi -pendymocytes ze-1 kunye ne-2 nd order, kunye ne-tanicites. Uhlobo lokuqala loluhlu lokuqala (basal) lwesalathisi se-ependymal, kunye ne-ependymocytes zikwinqanaba lesibini ngaphezu kwazo. Kubalulekile ukuba i-ependymal cell cell ye-1st order ithatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kwesithintelo se-hematopoietic (phakathi kwegazi kunye nemeko yangaphakathi ye-ventricles). I-Ependymocytes yesibini ye-oda i-villi ijongene nokujikeleza kwe-cerebrospinal fluid. Kukho ama-tannicle ayenayo iiseli ze-receptor.

Zifumaneka kwicandelo elisezantsi le-third cerebral ventricle. Ukuba ne-microvilli ehlangothini lwe-apical kunye nomnye ongaphandle kwi-basal, banokudlulisela ulwazi kwi-neurons malunga nokubunjwa kotywala otywala. Kule meko, i-cerebrospinal fluid ngokusebenzisa i-open-shaped-like openings phakathi kwe-ependymocytes ye-1st kunye ne-2 iya kuhamba ngqo kwi-neurons. Oku kusenza sikwazi ukuba i-ependyma yinto ekhethekileyo ye-epithelium. Ukusebenza kwayo, kodwa kungekhona ukufaniswa komzimba kwimizi yomzimba kukuphela kweemithwalo zegazi.

Oligodendrocytes

I-Oligodendrocytes ziintlobo zeeseli ezinqabileyo ezijikeleze i-neuron kunye neenkqubo zayo. Zenzeka zombini kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi, kunye nentsholongwane yomxube. I-oligodendrocytes ngokwayo iiseloni ze-polygonal ezixhotyiswe ngama-1-5 amahlumela. Zidibaniswa omnye nomnye, zihlukanisa i-neuron kwiimeko zangaphakathi zendalo kunye nokubonelela iimeko zokuqhubela umlenze kunye nesizukulwana semiphumo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-oligodendrocytes, ezahlukileyo kwi-morphology:

• Isisele esisiseko esiseduze nomzimba wengqondo ye-neuron;
• Isalathisi esiphezulu esiphezulu nomzimba we-neuron kwi-ganglion ye-peripheral;
• Isitfowuni seSchwann, ehlanganisa inkqubo ye-neuronal kwaye yakha i- myelin sheath yayo.

Amaseli e-Oligodendrocyte glial afumaneka kokubili kwingqondo kunye nomthambo womgudu, nakwiimbilini zomhlaba. Kwaye ngelixa lingaziwa, i-cell satellite ihluke njani kwi-central one. Ngenxa yokuba izinto zofuzo kuzo zonke iiseli zomzimba, ngaphandle kwezesondo, ezifanayo, mhlawumbi ukuba la ma-oligodendrocytes angatshintshana. Imisebenzi ye-oligodendrocytes ilandelayo:

• Ukuxhasa;
• Ukuxhoma;
• Ukwahlula;
• ITrophic.

Astrocytes

Ii-Astrocytes zii-cell glial zeengqondo ezenza ingqondo yengqondo. Unomfanekiso wesigxina kwaye zincinci ngobukhulu, nangona zinkulu kuneeseli ze-microglia. Kukho ezimbini iindidi ze-astrocytes: i-fibrous and protoplasmic. Uhlobo lokuqala lweeseli lukwimiba emhlophe neyimpunga yengqondo, nangona ikhulu kakhulu emhlophe.

Oku kuthetha ukuba zixhaphake kule mimandla apho kukho inani elininzi lamahlumela e-myelinated neuronal. I-astrocytes ze-protoplasm nazo ziseli zengqungquthela: zivela kwimiba emhlophe neyimpunga yengqondo, kodwa inkulu kakhulu kwi-grey. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi wabo ukudala inkxaso yeembutho ze-neurons kunye nentlangano yesakhiwo se-brain-brain barrier.

Microglia

Iiseli ze-Microglial zihlobo lokugqibela lwe-neuroglia. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafani nezinye iiseli zesistim somnyoba, zinemvelaphi ye-mesodermal kwaye ziintlobo ezikhethekileyo ze-monocytes. Abaphambili babo bangama-cell stem. Ngenxa yezinto ezikhethiweyo zesakhiwo se-neurons kunye nokuphuma kwazo, iiseli ze-glial zinoxanduva lokumelana nomzimba kwi-system central nervous system. Yaye imisebenzi yabo iyafana neyo-macrophages yamathambo. Banoxanduva lwe-phagocytosis kunye nokuqatshelwa kunye nokunikezwa kwe-antigen.

I-Microglia iqulethe iindidi ezikhethekileyo zamaseli e-glial anama-receipt of clusters, aqinisekisa ubungqina bomnatha ovela kuwo kunye nokufezekiswa kwemisebenzi yomzimba kwisistim se-central central. Banoxanduva lokuphuhliswa kwesifo, i-Alzheimer's disease kunye ne-Parkinson's syndrome. Nangona kunjalo, iseli ngokwayo yindlela kuphela yokuqaphela inkqubo ye-pathological process. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi, xa kuya kubakho ukufumana indlela yokusebenza kwe-microglia, iinkqubo zophuhliso lwezi zifo ziya kugqitywa.