-High speed Railway ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eBeijing: ulwakhiwo, icebo, uyilo kunye indawo emephini

Kungekudala-high speed kaloliwe eMoscow-eBeijing unxulumanise mazwe mabini, China naseRashiya. Iindleko yokuqala yale projekthi elilingana 1.5 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi yuan, okanye 242 ezigidi zeerandi. Ubude iyonke indlela ilingana no-7 bude amawaka eekhilomitha. ixesha ezinika ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye kuya kubakho iintsuku ezi-2, yaye indlela ngokwayo iya kubekwa nje emdeni Kazakhstan.

ixesha Ubuncinane endleleni

Namhlanje, China aza linika ubugcisa zalo ezintsha kulwakhiwo iziporo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. Enye yezi projekthi kufuneka ibe kaloliwe-high speed ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eBeijing. Iindaba naa ehlabathini jikelele ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ingakumbi xa uqwalasela ubudlelwane lupholile phakathi Melika, eYurophu naseRashiya ngokusebenzisana kunye ungquzulwano kwimpuma Ukraine kunye amalinge Russian ukuchacha ukuwa mihle le orhwebo lwe-oyile kumazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-Oktobha, 2014 phakathi Corporation "Chinese Railways» (China Railway Construction Corporation) kunye neSebe lezoThutho, Railways kunye neKomiti State of Development China kunye neKhomishoni Reform wasayina iMemorandamu yokuQondana kwinkalo-high speed kaloliwe. Eyona njongo ephambili yale xwebhu uphuhliso kweprojekthi lwe-high isantya nezithuthi eYurophu, apho isakhiwo iya kubandakanya umendo eMoscow-Kazan.

Imbali ingcamango

kaloliwe-High speed umgca eMoscow-eBeijing kwinqanaba izimvo khona ixesha elide. Le projekthi kufuneka ibe enye enkulu abo musa abanqwenela ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya. Ukutshintshelwa izimvo kwinqanaba le projekthi ngoku kwenzeka nxamnye imvelaphi yazo ukusebenza ukuthenga eMelika, ukuziswa leyo liqinisekiswa ziingcali ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iprojekthi kaloliwe-High speed kufuneka abonelele kumazwe afana neTshayina neRashiya bafanelwe ukhuphiswano ngamazwe. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, njengoko abameli Railways,-high speed kaloliwe ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eBeijing buxabise lizwe 7 ezigidi engange. Amaqabane Chinese uzimisele ukudela ekwakhiweni kwendlela isixa olingana engange-4 ezigidi, zonke ezinye iindleko ziya kuthwalwa mali Russian. thethwano Active phezu yokwabiwa kweemali sokwakhiwa kwendlela namhlanje ziqhutywa kwindlela eMoscow-Kazan kwi-sikhokelo iprojekthi yamazwe ngamazwe.

Yintoni isiginci ukwakha le ndlela?

Ixesha xa-high speed indlela eMoscow-eBeijing uya kwakha, kodwa kangako. Oku kungenxa yokuba isigqibo elide kwi-mali. Njengoko le meko eliye lakhula namhlanje eRashiya, nangona China ikulungele ukucinga inkoliso iindleko, eli lizwe nje ukulungele ukugcina enkulu-isikali iindleko zemali ezinjalo. 3 ezigidi engange namhlanje unsupportable ngolwakhiwo karhulumente kulo. Amathuba iphezulu ukuba abatyali-mali zabucala Kuza kutsalwa umdla kule projekthi.

ngokobugcisa kunye nezigqibo lokuqala

Ngokwenkcazelo ezazivela ye iphephandaba The Beijing Times, uthi malunga ingxoxo ebonakalayo ulwakhiwo kaloliwe phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Inyathelo lokuqala ukuzama ukufezekisa le projekthi kufuneka ibe yindlela ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Kazan. Ukuqala kwendlela icetyelwe ukuba ukwakha e Beijing, ngoko ke indlela uya kucanda izixeko ezifana yaseKhabarovsk kunye Ulan Bator, Irkutsk kunye Astana Ekaterinburg. Le ndawo yokugqibela iya kuba eMoscow. -Ready Isantya kaloliwe uya kuba kathathu ngaphezu ezisebenza-high speed umkhondo phakathi eBeijing kunye Guangzhou namhlanje. ixesha lokuhamba phakathi imizi emva kokuba ukuqaliswa kweprojekthi akayi kuba imihla emithandathu, kodwa ababini kuphela. Namhlanje, phakathi iingqukuva ezisemantloko amazwe amabini, oololiwe ezimbini fanayo kuphela iveki. Indlela yavulwa ngo-1954. Trans-Siberian Railway ithathwa ukuba mde ehlabathini. It Wasolula ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Vladivostok. Unqumle izitishi 400 ubude baso 9288 km.

Iingxaki yokuqala kunye namanyathelo okuqala olukhulu

-High speed Uloliwe Beijing-eMoscow kwixa elizayo akunakwenzeka ukuba eze kwindlela yakho. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kwinqanaba lokuqala lale projekthi, leyo kwixesha elizayo uya ukuqhagamshela ummandla kwamazwe amabini kufuneka ibe indlela ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Kazan, ixabiso lokuqala leyo inkulu kakhulu ukuba iRussia. Ukuze bezimali, "Gazprombank" indlela ibonisa ukuba ixabiso lilonke 1.06 ezigidi engange kwizixeko ezifana eBeijing kunye Singapore, Hong Kong kunye Shanghai. Ngokutsho ulwazi lokuqala, iye yabamba uthotho iintlanganiso kunye namaqabane ezinokubakho ehlabathini lonke:

• May 14 - eSingapore.
• May 15 - Shanghai.
• May 16 - Beijing.

Kwixesha elizayo, sancokola utyelelo abameli "Gazprom" yebhanki e Taipei, ikomkhulu Taiwan. Ngokutsho Russian Railways, iintlanganiso kunye abatyali-Asia ecetyelwe iinyanga eziliqela. Ibandakanya ubambiswano akhawunti East ngenxa ukwayo ezinzima ukusuka West. Xa unxibelelwano yomhla "Pronedra" kusithiwa ukuba i-high speed indlela eMoscow-eBeijing aziyi kwakhiwa kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo. Ukuphunyezwa inxalenye yokuqala yale projekthi,-high speed kaloliwe phakathi eMoscow Kazan, ungadluliselwa ukuya ku-2020. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-Railways abangakhange bakwazi ukufumana i zimali.

Isigaba sokuqala sale projekthi

Isigaba sokuqala projekthi mali karhulumente kweli lizwe kunye "Iziporo Russian" abanenjongo ukwaba engange 191,9 billion. Ezinye iinxalenye ndlela, ezifana noVladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, eNizhniy Novgorod, Cheboksary, Cheboksary, Kazan, icetyelwe ukuba zinama ngeendleko iminyinyiva. Kukho ingxelo kwiSebe lezoThutho we-29 Januwari 2015. Kuba okokuqala malunga abahlali projekthi kummandla, apho indlela-high speed iza kuzaliseka, safunda kuphela ekuqaleni 2015. Indlela entsha iya ulalisiwe umendo parallel federal M-7, eyaziwa ngokuba "iVolga". Ukubunjwa iya kwenza i stop. Ngokukodwa, isikhululo Vladimir iza ingabekwa Sukhodol.

Ntoni abahlala kwimimandla?

-High speed Railway ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eBeijing emephini ukuba uya kucanda inxalenye enkulu ngokwaneleyo nemimandla, kuye kwabangela ukuba abantu kufuneka bahlale naye ebumelwaneni, basabela oluxubeneyo kakhulu. Ngaba yachulumancisa umonakalo izityholo, nto leyo eya ukuchukumisa emasimini, amahlathi kunye nesimbo kwakhiwa. Abasemagunyeni ngokusemthethweni udize ukuba kwisiza ngasinye apho ulwakhiwo luya kwenziwa, zonke izinto ziya pre-wavumelana noluntu. Omnye imithombo ithi ukuba siyakwazi ukufumana umxhasi, weBuffalo City uya kuvulelwa kakade 2018. Isantya ubuninzi intshukumo kwendlela iya kuba iikhilomitha 400 ngeyure, nto leyo eya kunciphisa indlela ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Kazan ukususela kwiiyure ezili-11 ukuya 3.5.

imisebenzi zamaqela

-High speed Railway ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eBeijing, apho nkqubo isondlo ibenomtsalane kakhulu kwaye nenzuzo, ngokwezicwangciso preliminary, kufuneka uqale umsebenzi wayo kwisithuba ukususela 2018 ukuya th-2020. Kwixesha elizayo, icala Chinese uthembisa ukunika kwiprojekthi nobuchwepheshe yayo. Eli lizwe likulungele ukusingatha uxanduva ngokupheleleyo yocwangciso kunye nolwakhiwo. Ekubeni mna uncedo enkulu, China ukulungele ukuthatha kwi amandla Russian.

Kutsho kwi-15 Disemba 2014 kwacetywa ukuphuhlisa iimeko phantsi apho iinkampani Tshayina kuba nako ukuthatha inxaxheba ephambili kule projekthi. Ulwazi malunga ukujonga njani ukuba akhuphe isivumelwano luluntu njengoko efihliweyo. Ilungelo ukuyila weNdlela eMoscow-Kazan iphumelele yamaqumrhu Russian-Chinese phantsi kolawulo 'Mostgiprotrans "kunye inxaxheba yamatsha of" Nizhegorodmetroproekt "kunye CREEC (China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd.). Isivumelwano Ixabiso le didi kulingana engange-20 billion, kodwa kungaquki VAT.

abahlaziyi Project

-High speed Railway ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eBeijing - le projekthi ethembisa kakhulu kwaye kuqala, kodwa oko akuthethi ukunqanda imbono bavume. Bathi umhla ngokusesikweni kwe-SCM kwimeko kweminyaka 2018-2020 ezingekho ngqiqweni. Ngokutsho Alexey Bezborodov, wakhonza arhente CEO InfraNews, akayi kuba nalo le projekthi nako ukubaleka kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo. Isiseko sale sengqondo yaba ingxelo esemthethweni mmeli Iziporo Russian ukuba akakho okwangoku isicwangciso inyathelo eziphathekayo ukuze kwakhiwe-high speed kaloliwe okwangoku. Kukho nje amathuba ephakamileyo indlela ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Kazan kwixesha elizayo iza kwandiselwa Ekaterinburg kunye.

Ngubani na oya kuzuza ekwakhiweni expressway?

Highway Moscow-eBeijing uza kuzisa iingenelo ezithile hayi nje kuphela ngenxa Iziporo Russian; kodwa ngenxa States liphela. Oku kungenxa agglomeration iziphumo eziza kuvela njengoko nokuhlaliswa kwabemi le projekthi. Igama elithi line-ngesantya esiphezulu kulindeleke kufuneka lenyuke nge-30-70% of GRP kwimimandla. kwengeniso ezongezelelweyo ukusuka kwindlela iya kuhlangana akukho engange ngaphantsi kwe-11 ezigidi kwasekuqaleni nje elishumi yokuqala kusetyenzwa kule projekthi. Eli nani thaca liqela yamaziko kwezoqoqosho, ekhokelwa yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa woPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho. Ukuba SCM zibonakala kuphela ummandla ukunyuka GRP ummandla Vladimir kwe-38%. Kumalunga 84 billion engange plus. Ngo-2030, eli nani liya kwanda ukuya ku 58%, okanye yimali - to engange 131 ezigidi. Kwingingqi Nizhny Novgorod ulindele ukukhula kwezoqoqosho 39%, okanye engange 252 billion, kodwa ngo-2030 kufuneka zifike ubuncinane 76%, okanye 496 billion. Chuvashia kulindeleke ukuba ukwandisa ixabiso nge-13% okanye engange-20 ezigidi. Ngo-2025, ngokutsiba iya kuba-28%, okanye engange 43 billion. Tatarstan ngo-2025 kulindeleke ekukhuleni koqoqosho iya kulingana kwi-27%, okanye engange 274 billion.