Gora (inqanaba): Mandulo Nakule Mihla

Ngaba ukhe weva ngabantu ekuthiwa 'Gurans "? "Ubuzwe? Yintoni uhlanga "-? Kuni mhlawumbi ucinga. Eli gama abolekwe kulwimi Buryat. Ngoko Bayibiza amaxhama eyindoda. I Mongols, Evenki, Kalmyks kunye nezinye izizwe ekuthiwa zeAltai ezi zilwanyana belolonga ezifana elithi "guru". Ngoko ke oku kuba abantu, nto leyo akakho umntu owaziyo?

indaba

Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho namnye unako ukuthi kakuhle xa kummandla kwelentshona ye-izimvu, xa zeAltai Territory, abahloli Russian. Kodwa inye into esiqiniseke ngayo: kwaba ixesha elide kakhulu, kwaye ke kukho abantu ekuthiwa "Gurans". Ubuzwe, oku ibe sisiphumo ezahlukeneyo kwezihlobo. Emva Russian yokuqala ahlala kulo mmandla ngenkulungwane yokuqala elinesixhenxe, baza baqalisa ukuhlala phakathi kwabantu bomthonyama, oko kukuthi, i-Evenki kunye Buryats, baza ngokuthe ngcembe yaye yayingeyonxalenye nabo, wazama ukuba ukulandela amasiko zabo nezithethe - in a ilizwi, wathabatha phezu iziqalelo inkcubeko kunye nobomi besekhaya. Ngelo xesha linye musa ukulibala ulwimi lwabo kwaye musa ukulahlekelwa ungubani Slavic. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkcubeko yabo indlela yobomi, ngokuhamba kwexesha, kuba zombini iimpawu Russian kunye Buryat-Eveno.

Kwelinye icala, abafuduki Russian wazisa ubomi abahlali Transbaikalia imisebenzi emitsha ezendeleyo ngendlela Slavic yobomi kunye nenkcubeko, ezifana nezolimo, ulwakhiwo ezidolophini, njl Ngoko ke, kule mimandla baqalisa ukwenza uhlobo olutsha abantu igazi exutyiweyo - .. Góra, ubuzwe ogama kunzima ukubona. Bathi nqa ke ukuxuba iintlanga ezimbini - Mongoloid kunye yaseYurophu, kwaye Kwesesine isizukulwana.

imvelaphi

Ngokutsho yemicimbi yemihla, sele ngenkulungwane ye-18 Gurans babehlala apha. Ubuzwe (imbali kububungqina bale) zange wamkelwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngoko ke, kunoko, iqela uhlanga. Maxa wambi igama elithi "Guran" eyayibonwa lesiteketiso abantu izinyanya abazalwa beentlanga ezahlukeneyo kunye nezizwe, phakathi kwabo Buryats, Mongols, Evenki, Manchus kwaye, kakade, Russian. Kodwa kutheni le uhlanga yabizwa ngokuba kunjalo hayi ngenye nje?

Trans-izimvu Cossacks kwenziwa ngokwakho iminqwazi ebusika oyindoda nebhadi, nelinqa noboya, apho abantu bomthonyama ebizwa guranami. Noko ke, bashiya izigodlo, uye kuzingela, ukuba ufake izilwanyana batshutshiswa ezilahlekisayo. Njengoko usazi, kwezi gqiphu ebusika elide, ngoko ke Cossacks ayenxiba ezi iminqwazi kangangethuba ixesha elide. Baza ukuchonga kunye ibhadi.

Ngoobani Gurans - ngobuzwe okanye uhlanga?

Ngokuphathelele kulo mba kude kunjalo zinokuphikiswa. Ngokutsho ithiyori enye hybridization okanye interpenetration of ethnicities ezininzi kungenziwa kuphela yokuduka ubudala, kodwa ukuvela iqela elitsha uhlanga. Kakade ke, akusoloko kusenzeka, kodwa ummandla Trans-izimvu ilungele kule nkqubo. Ngoko ke ngenxa ngokudibana yezi zizwe njengoko Buryat, Evenki kunye Russian, uhlobo olutsha zabantu bendawo, nto leyo efana kowokuqala, okanye wesibini, okanye wesithathu. Yaye ngaba kukho ubungqina bokuba Gurans - ubuzwe (bona i ifoto kwinqaku)? Noko ke, kule "Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia" ulwazi malunga nabantu abanjalo apho. Guran (ubuzwe) yonyulwa uhlobo abantu balapha, ezisekelwe phezu amaqela amathathu yobuhlanga: i Buryat, Evenkiyskiy kunye Russian. Hi ndlela leyi, eli binzana ngamanye amaxesha ithatha igama Zabaikalets.

Eli bali lenzeka ku Khabarov

Kukho nenye kwebali imvelaphi lobuhlanga elinikiweyo. Ngenye imini ngasekupheleni zasebusika mhambi Russian wamazwe Erofey Khabarov wacanda zamanzi. Yena ekhwele phezu ebusika kunye nesikhokelo phambi lori. Kwaye ngoko ke indlela Baza, bezinqumla zonke ixhama elikhawulezayo-ukulucanda ingalucandi kubini, kulandele nokusukelana indoda engaqhelekanga encinane impahla ezinoboya. Khabarov coachman wabuza: ngubani na? Kwaye wayecinga ukuba inkosi yakhe engqondweni ukuya phambili wesilwanyana, wathi Guran.

incazelo

Xa intsomi le bendawo, unako ukufumana i ngabameli eneenkcukacha inkcazelo Gurans na uhlanga. ubuzwe babo, nangona kuluhlu passport, kodwa njengoko ngoweqela uhlanga zithetha iimpawu. Okokuqala, Bangazifumana abangayithandiyo. Abayi ezingento, uthando, kuba umoya onamandla Cossack. Njengoko kuba iimpawu kuphela yangaphandle, amehlo abo poluraskosye, cheekbones onayo esuka kumncedisi we Mongols, kwaye umbala kwamehlo kukhanyiseleka nokuba oluhlaza. Ulusu sabo iinwele emnyama kwaye uninzi lwabo abamnyama. Ngendlela, abantu ngokobuhlanga ezahlukeneyo ezifana wamaNdiya aseMelika. Xa igama, ndijonga kubo ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, ngakumbi ubukho Imiqondiso uhlanga Mongoloid. Ngapha koko, guranov izihlunu aphuhliswe kakuhle, ukuba bhetyebhetye ngokupheleleyo bale ubuciko bokulwa. Ngelo xesha, abameli eli qela uhlanga wasivuna imida eSiberia ukususela iyangena izizwe ezingabamelwane - amaTshayina kunye Mongols.

Gurans: ubuzwe, modernity

Ukususela amazwi ngokwazo abameli olu hlanga, ke ngoku phantse ezigcinwe kwizithethe wooyise, lowo belimiwe ummandla Trans-zamanzi. Bathi bona ngokwabo njengoko ngaphezu Russian, kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba igazi aqukuqela kubo Guran. Abameli olu hlanga izithethe ezininzi, iintsomi kunye namabali malunga nobomi wooyise. Xa sifunda nabo, uyazi ukuba attribute ukuba inkcubeko Russian kunzima. Buryat okanye Evenkiyskiy (Tunguska) nalo phantse engekho. Ngokusekelwe kule, uyazi ukuba le nto ngokuqinisekileyo ngabantu eyahlukileyo, kunye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo azalwa kuyo. Kodwa ethnographer Russian UNikolai Yadrintsev wacinga Gurans - ayikho nobuhlanga, kodwa ekhethekileyo "uhlobo yommandla" svoeystvennymi kunye neempawu zakhe luphawu.

Umxube zegazi ezimhlophe kunye yellow

Kakade ke, ukuba umxube beentlanga. Mongoloid, lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba tyheli, kunye Yurophu, nangona abangasekhoyo ezahlukeneyo yesikhumba, loo nto ithathwa emhlophe. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba guranami yokuqala ngokuba abo bantu ababevela ukuxuba Cossacks Russian kunye nabalimi evela Tungus. Kamva lo gama saqhotyoshelwa nabani na iimpawu ezifana Caucasoid (abamhlophe) kunye Mongoloid (Mongoloid) ngokobuhlanga. Noko ke, le nto kungekho mestizo eziqhelekileyo, ezizezi abo inophawu izizukulwana.

Dyrovery - Transbaikalia isazela!

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, wenze Gurans ndizigqale Russian ngaphezu Buryats okanye Tungus, kodwa umdla ukwazi ukholo abathi bakuzibalela, kwizinto okanye lowo ukuze nikholwe. In Transbaikalia eminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kukho amahlelo amaninzi amaKristu. Ngelo xesha linye zadalwa hayi yenkolo, wesuka izenzekele. Noko ke, ezinye iingxaki zisenokubonakala kuthi zasendle. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi Gurans dyroverami. Abazange banqula ii icon, kwaye emingxunyeni, kuqikelelwa ukuba, ucinga yonke ngezi emingxunyeni, bafumana amandla. Ezi amakholwa bahlala bodwa kwabanye, ukutshata kuphela phakathi kwabo, ukuba obungqabangqaba, ubomi obungqongqo. Bakwazi ukugcina igazi labo, izithethe namasiko.