Gerhard Richter - umzobi kuyabiza kakhulu yaseYurophu wokuphila

He kubhekwa kakhulu anempembelelo, eyona idumileyo ephilileyo mculi. Ixabiso lilonke kuthengiswa yomfuyi zemisebenzi upasisiwe kwesiqingatha billion zeerandi. ixabiso irekhodi for into enye ebekwe ngoFebruwari 2015 kuqamba abstract, apho iye ihlawulwe malunga $ 44, 5 million.

Gerhard Richter, ukuba ebudaleni ikwandim, uthanda ungabaphazamisi kwaye ngokusebenzayo iyaqhubeka ukusebenza studio yakhe kufuphi Cologne. ngomboniso ngamnye entsha imisebenzi yakhe ingqondo ayimangalisi ezintsha waba siganeko aqaqambe ebomini ubugcisa iYurophu kunye nehlabathi.

EJamani, East Jamani, West Germany

Wazalwa ngo-1932 e Dresden. UYise - uHorst Richter - wayengumfundisi yesikolo, kodwa nempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhliseni yokomoya Gerhard waba umama - Hildegard. Yena inkxaso umdla unyana wakhe kom zobuciko.

Ngowe-1951, Gerhard Richter ungena Hochschule noboya Bildende Künste - Higher School of Arts Fine e Dresden, apho wafumana imvelaphi eqinileyo zemfundo. ubomi Artistic eMpuma Jamani, apho Gerhard Wabonakala indawo yokuzalwa, wakhula ngakumbi nemibono ngakumbi. Ithuba ngoqeqesho yobugcisa umzobi oselula lubanjwe ngexesha xa ngokoqobo bobusoshiyali yaba isimbo engundoqo ubugcisa, kwaye ekulweni icala kunye abstractionism kunye unique ngokupheleleyo.

Ngowe-1958, Richter watyelela isixeko Kassel (West Jamani), lo mboniso yobugcisa wanamhla, ebizwa ngokuba "Document." Uyilelwe ukuba boyise ilifa lobugcisa lwamaNazi - avant-garde waza watshutshiswa ngamaxesha udushe. Imizobo, obumntwisiweyo ngcamango avant-garde - Jason Pollock, uJean Fotre, linguLucio Fontana, kunye nabanye - ziye yaguqula indlela abacinga ngayo iRichter. Umnqweno inkululeko yokudala kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni isigqibo thutha nangona wayesoloko kuthathwa ngokwakhe amagcisa nopolitiko. Ngowe-1961, Gerhard Richter waba imbacu kwezopolitiko kwaye eJamani.

kukubuka ixesha

Ngowe-1961, iRichter, nangona waphumelela ikhosi kwiSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo Dresden, waba umfundi kwakhona. Yena wangena Academy of Art Dusseldorf. Le mali leyo efika apho, iye yaba sisixhobo ebalulekileyo kubomi Expat. Ubomi bakhe ngeli xesha - ukufumana indlela yakho kweli ubugcisa ixesha kunye nokulinga rhoqo. Wazama isandla sakhe phantse kuzo zonke iindawo yokudweba mihla - ukusuka expressionism abstract pop zobugcisa.

Gerhard uphakathi abafunda babo, kubandakanywa Sigmar Polke, uKonrad Fischer. Ngowe-1963, kwelinye ezivenkileni esingenanto kumbindi Dusseldorf wayivula yomboniso wabo ehlangeneyo apho ezaqanjwa pop artovskoy ukuba intw ngomdlalo ngqo imifanekiso, ifilim projektha njalo njalo. D. Indlela yakhe ezinobuchule iRichter kunye nabahlobo bakhe ngalisayo ekuthiwa ngokoqobo longxowankulu.

Uninzi umsebenzi wakhe ngexesha Gerhard Rihter ingqalelo yexabiso elincinane kunye batshatyalaliswa. Kodwa ke xa kwabonakala imifanekiso yokuqala zisekelwe Iifoto ezimnyama-mhlophe, nto leyo ixhomekeke iimpawu ngokwenene umfanekiso usaba, nto leyo eye yaba wizard ikhadi ishishini.

Ngowe-1964, emva kokuphumelela Academy, uqala elizimeleyo wegcisa.

Indlela lokwamkelwa

Ngowe-1967, Richter eyabelwe Kunstpreis junger westen - Prize obabona ngamagcisa aselula zezona ngcali zinetalente eJamani, yaye ngowe-1971 imisebenzi yakhe zasuswa ngaphantsi ngumnquba phezu odumileyo Venice Biennale. Ngowe-1973, lo mboniso yokuqala solo wegcisa eUnited States.

Ukususela ngoko, imizobo yakhe kuvela iingqokelela karhulumente kunye nawabucala kunayo. Ukongeza ukuzenza kuphela imifanekiso imisebenzi yakhe, iingcali kunye nabaphulaphuli ikuqaphele isikali ngophando kunye nokuhlola creator. Richter iingcamango bakhuthaze amagcisa ehlabathini lonke, laba isisekelo of trends ezintsha zobuciko lwanamhlanje.

ubunzima ngezigaba

"Xa art sam akukho program, akukho isimbo olunye, akukho imiyalelo jikelele", - ethanda ukuphinda Gerhard Richter. Imizobo zakhe angafaniyo neentlobo kunye nemixholo. Kwakhona imisebenzi obuyiyile kwisiphambuka Imizobo kunye nemifanekiso, inkosi kudala sisincoko enemibala emininzi-njongo wazalwa nge scrapers, iibhrashi kunye squeegee - spatula ngokubanzi, esasaza umxube kwi moya enkulu ezimibalabala.

Eyaziwa ngokuba ezinombala yakhe (grey) Imizobo yomnyingi kunye yokomfuziselo non-izafobe, ekumeni hyperrealistic kunye nobume bomhlaba, kwaye lifes amazing uhlobo fotozhivopisi - ezi "amakhandlela", wadala kwi-1980, yaye ngakumbi. Yena inxaxheba kuvuselelwa kweefestile odumileyo efafazwe-iglasi kwi yecawa Cologne. Kwi ixesha yakutshanje ibonisa langoku kunye sculpture - ukwakhiwa isambuku ibekwe phantsi ekoneni ezahlukeneyo ngemizobo zeglasi.

Richter ngenkulungwane xxi

Xa iyonke kukho malunga namawaka amathathu canvases. Nangona istrowuku iRichter, ngonyaka kubonakala malunga namakhulu amabini amatsha ngemizobo yakhe.

ngenxa akhe iintloni yaye ukudideka kukhona amanani apho sithengwe efandesini emsebenzini wakhe. Yena evinces Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuzithethelela kubo ngokuthi namhlanje uyatshintsha ngoyena ndoqo zobugcisa. Ngoko ke isabelo kugxeka kuvavanyo yakhe ngendima zobugcisa ecocekileyo ebomini mihla buyanda. Ngaphandle koku, yena uzele amandla nomnqweno ukusebenza kunye nokudala.