Yintoni na le ubuchopho: isakhiwo sayo kunye nokusebenza

Inkqubo yabantu luvo (kubandakanywa ubuchopho) nguye umlawuli wemisebenzi ophilileyo umzimba. Enkosi kuwo, kungaba asabela kwiziganeko ukuthatha izigqibo ezithile. Kuyo yonke le nto indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa ebuchotsheni.

imisebenzi yayo kunye nolwakhiwo amagqirha isifundo okwangoku, ngoko amanani nqaku liza kusoloko zicaciswe kuphela kuluhlu uqikelelo. Kanti ke, makhe sibone oko ingqondo.

ulwazi jikelele

Ukuthetha ngento ingqondo kunzima ukufumana ngeenxa zonke iiseli zemithambo-luvo ingqalelo. Inani ngqo lingakulungele, kunye nokubala imifuziselo ezahlukeneyo onokugweba ukuba abo 25 ukuya 86 ezigidi (inani lesibini - i data zakutshanje). Ngenxa luvo eyenziwe umcimbi hina. Ubuchopho ngokwayo igutyungelwe ingaphandle ezintathu:

• soft;
• eqinileyo;
• arachnoid (oko ulwelo Palsy nelisebenza indima bothukile absorber, ikhusela mbandela izimvi imivumbo).

Ethetha ubunzima, kufanele kuqatshelwe umahluko. Ngokomzekelo, xa amadoda ubunzima ingqondo umlinganiselo malunga 1375 grams, ngoxa ngamnye kumanina angama-1245, kodwa, ngasendleleni, inqanaba lophuhliso ngokwasengqondweni ukuba asichazi, Isimanga xa efika kuqala.

ukubaluleka Brain amandla okuqonda enkulu linani zamakhonkco zidalwe yi-luvo ngaphezu ubunzima bayo. Ngapha koko, xa uthelekisa thina kunye nezinye izilwanyana neplanethi kukho izinto ezininzi uqhayisayo nobunzima kakhulu ngokwe yibhodi.

Kodwa masikhe ukubuyela loo mntu uthethe intloko ebuchotsheni kuzalwa. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ubunzima bayo bokuqala nama-1/8 we ubunzima bomzimba wosana (kakhulu - malunga 400 grams). Eliphawulwe kakuhle ifolo kunye gyrus enkulu (nangona abanako liyi ubunzulu kunye nokuphakama). Yaye kwiminyaka yokuqala embalwa yobomi ingqondo ofumana ngeempawu omdala.

Iiseli zemithambo-luvo kunye izanya

Iiseli zobuchopho eyakha nokudlulisa iminqweno, ekuthiwa iiseli zemithambo-luvo, kunye glia yenze imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Xa izinto ezingadibaniyo nemingxuma ezibizwa ventricles. Ukususela ukuba abaseleyo umzimba womntu azotywe luvo cranial in inani izibini ezilishumi elinambini.

Luvo kunye luvo ukunika amasebe ezahlukeneyo kunye iimpawu zabo ezizodwa. imisebenzi zabo baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ithuba yonke eziphilayo. neuron ngasinye ezinokuba nalo ukuya ku 10,000 abafowunelwa, leyo luhlanganisa kunye nezinye izinto ebuchotsheni.

Enye into ebalulekileyo into emhlophe. Ngoko wabiza luvo ezisetyenziswa yi umzimba loqhakamshelwano zifaka kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo cortical kunye namaqumrhu omlambo. Lo mba ezimhlophe ibekwe phakathi neuron kunye nuclei Uhlobo Lokuqala. Kulo iinxalenye ezine, oluhlobo ikhutshwa phandle, kuxhomekeka kwindawo yabo.

isakhiwo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ingqondo eziphambili uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu:

1. i zifaka palsy
2. Cerebellum.
3. Brainstem.

Kwakhona, kukho amacandelo amahlanu:

1. Isiphelo (apho pripadaet malunga ne-80% ye-ubunzima iyonke).
2. Yangasemva (oku kuquka kwiCerebellum kunye ibhulorho).
3. EsiPhakathi.
4. Lume.
5. I-avareji.

Ukongeza, iintlobo ezintathu ixolo ngesi iingcali ubuchopho:

1. Yamandulo.
2. Old.
3. New.

Yintoni uthinte

neuron kuthiwa ubukhulu umphezulu umaleko we malunga ne-3 mm, ukufukama ikhweyitha yabantu. Isikakhulu indalo yayo zisetyenziswa umzimba nkqo esihlenga iiseli zemithambo-luvo, okuye ameva. Nangona kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba xa ukufunda sifunyanwa imicu efferent kwaye afferent, kwakunye neuro-glial.

iintlobo ezintathu ixolo zifunjwe ngomaleko ezintandathu. Bonke babe ezahlukeneyo distribution ukuxinana, ububanzi, ubungakanani kunye nemilo zemithambo-luvo. neuron eziphambili wayedlisela kommandla 2.200 macala onke. cm. Oku kuphunyezwa striations yayo nkqo. Kwakhona malunga 10 billion luvo kwi yabantu.

umsebenzi uthinte

Neuron uye imisebenzi emininzi ngaxesha ethile. kummandla ngamnye unoxanduva into yakhe ecacileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa nomhlehlo zexeshana ethu intlokoma mechanical ze emoyeni (isandi) kwaye aphendule namavumba. 3atylochnaya kusinceda ukuba ukusebenza ngolwazi ezibonwayo. neuron Parietal ikuvumela ukuba ukuqonda isithuba ngeenxa kwaye opredelyaat bonke Ukuthanda. Frontal noxanduva intshukumo, ukucinga ezimbaxa kunye nentetho.

Kubalulekile ukusuka kwindawo esebenzayo umbono lo ganglia carcinomas, ezisetyenziswa ukuze udlulise ulwazi.

icandelo lobuchopho

Zonke ulawulo kubalulekile ukuba iinkqubo zabantu telencephalon. Yena, koko, unefuthe ubuchule bethu engqondweni.

Diencephalon ibandakanya amanakani (phezulu) kunye ventral (ezantsi) inxalenye. Ekuqaleni ukubaluleka okukhulu thalamus idlala. Wenza njengoko umlamleli, oya kuthumela zonke aphazamiseke ukuya zifaka. Ngenxa ngawo umzimba ngokukhawuleza kwimo engqongileyo lwangaphandle utshintsho.

inxalenye Ventral le ngxenye uthathwa. Ngoko wabiza iziko subcortical, apho ulawulo imisebenzi yawo. Phantsi impembelelo yayo luvo, namadlala yonyango, ukutya kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ezininzi kwiinkqubo zomzimba. Ngenxa it lulawulwa kwinqanaba uphaphama balale umntu, ngokunjalo ukutya nokusela ukuziphatha kwayo.

Phantsi le ngxenye i ingqondo yebhinqa, elinoxanduva iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni. Kwakhona, ngenxa kuyo ilawulwa wokugaya kunye nemithambo yegazi.

Ukuqhubeka ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na ingqondo, yiya umva kwisebe - kuyimfuneko ukuba umsebenzi umsebenzi osemgangathweni umqhubi. Ngokwangaphandle, le ndawo ikhangeleka ngathi kwebhulorho ne ibekwe emva kwiCerebellum. Nangona ubunzima bayo ephantsi (malunga 120-150 grams), ixabiso olusebenzayo candelo eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukususela kwiCerebellum kuxhomekeke ukudidiyelwa intshukumo. Inxalenye engezantsi kumphezulu wayo wadibana khona Oblongata Medulla. Idibanisa eziphambili umnqonqo woMntu. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana mba ezimhlophe hina.

Ukususela Medulla Oblongata emizimba yethu ixhomekeke enkulu kangangoko, ukulungelelana, ukutya, igazi kunye nokuphefumla. Nokuba xa ukhohlela uze uthimla, iyasebenza ngqo. Le ubuchopho unoxanduva umbono wethu obufihliweyo. Njengoko kwakhona embindini kunye nesifundo reflex, nto leyo kuwonke ijika elibi kwicala umzimba ingxolo ephezulu (okanye enye stimulus engalindelekanga). Ngenxa kuye, abantu babe reflex kwengqondo esizibonakalisa isibakala sokuba abantu bachasele bangantingeli ecaleni layo yezinto, okanye xa ibetha.

Ngubani apho wayefunda ingqondo

Kuba ukufunda zobuchopho amaziko R & D ezikhethekileyo ehlabathini lonke. Ngoko, kwi Russian Federation ukuba Brain Institute e St. Petersburg, egqalwa yinxalenye ye-Academy of Sciences. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqwalasele kwi kwiingcali enye indawo kumgangatho ophezulu woqeqesho kunye nomgangatho ophezulu izixhobo zale mihla.

Ngenxa ukuntsonkotha into efundwayo, nangona kukho inani elikhulu ingqalelo udelonnogo bakhe, izazinzulu baye bakwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo indlela elisebenza ngayo. Kwaye oku nangona ingqondo akukho eyodwa ehlabathini, yaye ukusebenza ixesha elide. Kodwa ke, nangona kunjalo, uphando luya, yaye kungekudala nje ukonakala kwengqondo kuya kuba lucelomngeni.

Njani lokufunyaniswa imeko yangoku

Ukuhlola ubume yeziko ezibalulekileyo ezifana kusetyenziswa isifundo okhethekileyo - encephalogram ebuchotsheni. Ngenxa yakhe, ungafumana data echanekileyo kakhulu. Namhlanje ke ubuchule kakhulu enobuchwepheshe isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ehlabathini lonke. Njani ukuba yenzeke?

Encephalogram ingqondo - i egopheni eyodwa ibangelwa intlokoma wokubhalisa ezifumaneka ngobuchopho bomntu. Iintshukumo bayabanjwa ngesikhumba ngenxa kuthinjwe boluvo ezizodwa. Ngenxa yoko, diagnosticians ukufumana umfanekiso nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ukuba umntu siphilile, kuya kuba ivumelane. iinkqubo-luvo ezenzeka kulo mzekelo ichazwa kakuhle. Xa ezimbi nga bagcine ezinxaxhileyo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukusebenzisa EEG ubuchopho ingalandwa, njengoko inkqubo luvo osebenzayo. Ngoko ke, phantsi kweliso efanayo lula ukufumana isingqisho lweenkqubo. Ngokusekelwe kwezi data kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukwakha isekethe yobuchopho lomntu othile nokuchonga iindawo zokuphula ezinokwenzeka.

ukusebenza ezincumisayo ukuchaneka iziphumo kubonisa ezintsha kwezixhobo kunye diagnostician onamava. Ngenxa izixhobo kakhulu mihla, ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukubona iingozi ezifihlakeleyo enzulwini ngesakhiwo. Uphononongo iyakwenziwa phezu imini yonke, ukuba ukuchonga isizathu zokuphula. State of the ingqondo uya kulinganiswa emini nasebusuku. Ke oogqirha baya kuba umfanekiso epheleleyo ngakumbi into eyenzekayo isigulane.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, siza kufumana oko ingqondo, isebenza njani, yintoni imisebenzi, ukuba isebenza njani yaye phi na esifunda ngayo. Kakade ke, ulwazi olunikiweyo incinane kakhulu ukuba sibe nako ukuthi ngaye azi yonke into. Kodwa yonke eninzi iqala amancinci. Ngoko ke, ukuba ube nomdla kulo mxholo, unako lula ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi ezahlukeneyo ukongeza kakhulu kwisisele solwazi. Kwaye kuya kuba ngcono ukuba ukusebenzisa uncwadi zonyango ezikhethekileyo ngenxa yale njongo, nto leyo uya kubalisa zonke iingcali.