Mlilo ehlabathini: Mount Merapi, Koryak, Sakurajima, Colima, Loa, yaseNyiragongo, Mount Rainier, Santa Maria, Santorini, Taal

Enye iintlobo ezininzi yingozi ziintlekele zendalo ukuba abantu abakwazi ukuthintela okanye ukuyeka okanye ulawulo, esuke mlilo. Oku kungenxa yotshintsho rhoqo kuhlanganiselo kuqweqwe lomhlaba, ngokunjalo ngenxa ukuhamba izitya zayo. I-mlilo kakhulu eyingozi kwimephu yehlabathi inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuyo. Ezi ziquka ezifana Merapi, Santorini, Popocatepetl, Loa, Rainier, yaseNyiragongo, Colima, Sakurajima, Koryak, entabeni papandayan, Taal, Ulawun, Santa Maria kunye nabanye abaninzi. Okunye ngazo kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo ngakumbi.

Merapi

Ngomhla Kwisiqithi Java (Indonesia) yi mlilo esebenzayo Merapi, ogama lakhe Liguqulwe lithatyathwa ulwimi lwendawo elithetha "intaba lomlilo". ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha 2914. Kufuphi nesixeko samandulo Yogyakarta. Umsebenzi lo mlilo besive i Lomlilo Pacific Rim malunga namawaka amane eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngokutsho manani, malunga kanye yonke esixhenxe leminyaka mlilo ezinkulu kwenzeka, yaye kanye qho emva kweenyanga ezintandathu - encinane. Ngelo xesha phantse lonke ixesha uyatshaya. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele into yokuba sele phantse elishumi elinesixhenxe iinkulungwane, ezizezi Merapi waya kuluhlu "mlilo eziyingozi zehlabathi."

Umngxuma ubakhumbuza emhadini enkulu ukuba wemba ngenxa eninzi udubulo womelele ngamandla. Le ibandakanya elulwalweni elikhulu nzima, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi kuluncedo kakhulu andesite. Kumathambeka kukho inani elikhulu lwamathanda ezincinane, zinemingxuma, ezo kakuhle inokubonwa kubulela ezimnyama ukuya amadangatye ebomvu-obomvu.

I-mlilo ezinkulu yale mlilo lwaqala ngoMeyi ka-2006. Phantse unyaka liphuma kuloo mngxuma kuye awulahlwa million ezininzi cubic metres mlilo kwidolophana lendawo wehla. Ngenxa yale nkqubo ziye zabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama eliwaka. Enye intlekele engazange ibekho kwimbali mlilo lisukela emva 1906 .. Emva koko, ngenxa kwesi zicandwe entabeni wayifaka entilini kwecone. Emva koko, kwabakho-dubulo elikhulu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufeni yonke impucuko - karhulumente Mataram, leyo lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu uphuhliso ngelo xesha.

Santorini

Ngokutsho kwemfundo zejoloji, lo mlilo ka Santorini mncinane kakhulu yaye ibonakele malunga 200,000 eyadlulayo. Ukuze ixesha elide ukuba ivalwe mlilo ngokuthe ngcembe elaye kule ndawo. Malunga 25 amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, uxinzelelo irhasi lwangaphakathi idlula amandla rock ezithambileyo kakhulu, nto leyo, yakhokelela yesiqalo enogonyamelo. Emva izalise lo mgodi kunye lava, kwabunjwa ukusuka siqithi ibizwa ngegama elifanayo namhlanje. Okwangoku, i-mlilo ka Santorini akukho msebenzi ezahlukeneyo. dubulo yakhe yokugqibela ezinkulu busuka emva February 20, 1886. Ngale mini kwabakho uqhushumbo elikhulu, apho, ngokutsho okuzibonela, eyapapashwa kamva, sikhatshwe ukukhutshwa mlilo ebomvu-olulophu elwandle, kwakunye ngomphunga nothuthu liphuma ukuya kubude ezilikhulu eziliqela leemitha.

Popocatepetl

mlilo Popocatepetl yaziwa kakuhle wonke umhlali kwekomkhulu Mexico, sise umgama omalunga amahlanu eekhilomitha kude. Inyaniso yeyoba, e-Mexico kukho malunga ezilishumi yezigidi zabantu, ngamnye kubo uyakwazi ukubona mlilo zinkokeli ezinde emide kwiiyadi zezindlu ezincinane, kwiindawo abaziintsizana mzi. Le nguqulelo yokoqobo yegama lakhe kulwimi Aztec lithetha "ukutshaya entabeni". Ngelo xesha ukutyhubela iinkulungwane elishumi elinesibini edlulileyo, mlilo enkulu kulo ayizange yenzeke. Kuphela wambi betekisi ukusuka komgodi imali encinci mlilo amaqhekeza aseleyo, uthuthu kunye neegesi. Kwinkulungwane wamashumi amabini Popocatepetl mlilo Ungqabhuko ezincinane umsebenzi ngo-1923 no-1993. Ingozi enkulu yabantu, leyo edibene nabo, akazange kakhulu kwi udaka ebomvu-eshushu, kodwa Udaka owatshabalalisa yonke endleleni yayo. Bona akhiwa ukunyibilika komkhenkce kumathambeka. akuzange kakhulu kulonwabo ngabahlali City Mexico kunye namadlelo ayo, ngenxa yokuba lo mlilo lokugqibela kwamathambeka esemantla abachaphazelekayo, ngoko akukho iingxwelerha zabantu.

Loa

Loa yinto esebenzayo kwaye uhlala kummandla zeHawaii Islands kwi Pacific Ocean. Its ukuphakama 4170 iimitha dostikaet. Eyona iphambili yale mlilo kucingwa ukuba lelona elikhulu ngenani izinto ephumayo in lwazi ngenxalenye kwamanzi ye ehlabathini (umthamo walo malunga asibhozo ophosa cubic). Kuqhuma kakhulu ezinamandla sikhatshwa ukukhutshwa eziliqela imithombo mlilo. Yena banduluka nje kuphela umngxuma ngokwayo, kodwa yokuxazulula ngokusebenzisa neentanda encinci. Ukuphakama kula maxesha imithombo ifikelela nekhilomitha enye. Phantsi yesenzo amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kukho kwakheka neenkanyamba ezininzi eziyelelene ingubo avuthayo phezu indlela yayo phantsi. Ngokutsho amaxwebhu asemthethweni, lo mlilo Loa lokugqibela oluqale 1984. Ukususela ngowe-1912 Imigqaliselo ezisisigxina ziyalandelwa. njongo yabo iphambili ukulumkisa abahlali malunga intlekele esondelayo ngokohlobo ukujaduka mlilo. Ukuze wenze oko, apha ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa isikhululo yonke Volcano. Ukongeza kuye ngoko isebenza Observatory elanga kunye esesibhakabhakeni.

Rainier

Mount Rainier ibekwe neekhilomitha ezingama-87 ukusuka kwi US kwisixeko Seattle. Le yinxalenye Cascade Iintaba, apho kukho ukuphakama kuyimitha 4392 yi ephakeme kunazo. Phezulu kukho mngxuma ezimbini mlilo kunye ububanzi of abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu leemitha. Kumathambeka ntaba ziyafundiswa nekhephu ice-free ezithi zifunyanwe, kwaye ndawo ndawo. Isizathu soku amaqondo obushushu aphezulu leyo yenza apha. Ayizizo zonke mlilo zehlabathi ndingaqhayisa yobudala eqinileyo, nto leyo eye Mount Rainier. Ngokutsho kwemfundo zejoloji, inkqubo lasungulwa yaqala malunga 840 namawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Kukho zonke izizathu ukucinga ukuba ngenxa qhwa udoti kwadilika ngaphambili apha kukho enkulu nokuphuma kobutyobo, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu kokusingqongileyo kulo mmandla. Ngenxa imbonakalo yazo batshabalala, abantu nje kuphela, kodwa izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Kananjalo kukho ingozi enkulu namhlanje. Isibakala sokuba iidipozithi ezikufuphi zezi kwemali likhaya zokuhlala ezininzi. Enye ingxaki enkulu kukuba ubukho izixa ezikhulu womkhenkce inxalenye ephezulu. Ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi kolwandle eqhubekayo ngayo nangona kancinane, kodwa buthathaka. Ngokutsho zokuma, izazinzulu, ukuba kukho mudflow enkulu, ukuba unako ukuhamba kude ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndidilize nokuba kwaye ezinye iindawo Seattle. Ngaphezu koko, akubikho kungenzeka ukuba into efanayo kuya kukhokelela ukuvela itsunami kwi Lake Washington.

yaseNyiragongo

Kumntla we-African State of the Republic of the Congo, ngomhla kummandla Virunga Mountains, oko kwincopho yaseNyiragongo. Libhekisela kuluhlu "mlilo esebenzayo zehlabathi", nto leyo eqinisekisa ecacileyo yokuba kule minyaka-130 idluleyo, ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni iqhuma 34 kwinqanaba lamandla ezahlukeneyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abathile kubo sahlala iminyaka. umsebenzi Last mlilo sabhalwa ngo-2008. YaseNyiragongo mlilo has sisincoko eyahluke evela kwabanye. Inyaniso yokuba iqulethe eninzi zwi, ngoko ke amanzi kakhulu kwaye ulwelo. Oku ingozi enkulu, kuba uqina yokumpompoza yayo ecaleni amathambeka kwentaba ukufikelela kwinqanaba lika-100 km / h. Akumangalisi ke, abahlali kwiilali akhiwe kufutshane phantse akukho ithuba usabele ngokukhawuleza ukuze kukhutshwe mlilo.

Mlilo yaseNyiragongo amanga ukuphakama 3470 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Njengoko ngokuba chibi ingubo yokwaleka etshisayo, umngxuma onzulu ngayo ihamba umgama omalunga nama-400 eemitha. Ngokutsho izibalo wenzululwazi, iqulethe malunga ezilishumi million cubic metres, udaka. Ngokutsho kwesi salathisi kucingwa ukuba chibi likhulu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. inqanaba udaka soze kwindawo esisigxina, kwaye lonke ixesha ziyohluka. Neswili zigcwaliswe phezulu ukuya phezulu okokugqibela ngo-2002. Isiphumo sale ngozi yaba ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwidolophu saseGoma, leyo kufutshane.

Colima

Mlilo Colima ise nakwimo Mexican ka Jalisco, kwintshona kweli lizwe, kumgama omalunga asibhozo yeekhilomitha ukusuka elunxwemeni i-Pacific Ocean. Xa urhulumente yena kunazo esebenzayo. Into enikisa umdla kukuba iquka isakhiwo mlilo eliquka iincopho ezimbini imilo etsobhileyo. Eyokuqala kwezi phantse lonk phantsi qhwa kwaye mlilo yiNevado de Colima. ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha 4625. Kwincopho yesibini lisingisa eemitha 3846 kwaye nangoku yaziwa ngokuba "mlilo yoMlilo."

Crater Colima abe umzila encinane, ngoko yakha phezulu encinane mlilo. Ngelo lixa iqondo eliphezulu umsebenzi wayo kukhokelela ekubeni ngaphakathi kudala eninzi yengcinezelo, ngoko umlilo ingubo eshushu kunye zegesi kunye nothuthu aphoswe ngaphandle kude ngokwaneleyo, kwaye le nkqubo yonke ifuze pyrotechnic show langoku. I-mlilo ezinkulu mlilo kwenzeka kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Betekisi ukusuka komgodi eluthuthwini bema ngoko nomphakamo malunga ezintlanu khilomitha, kwaye urhulumente wagqiba phezu ngobungxamo ngakubo yexeshana.

Sakurajima

Sakurajima mlilo, ibekwe kufuphi nesixeko Japanese ka Kagoshima, ekhonjwe kudidi lokuqala lomngcipheko. Ngamanye amazwi, oku kuqale edubulayo nangawuphi na umzuzu. Ngowe-1955 waqalisa ixesha umsebenzi lomgadi mlilo. Kulo mba, abaphilayo Japanese kufuphi kuphila ngokusisigxina kunye nokulungela ukuba baphume ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kungenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kufuneka ubuncinane ixesha elincinane ukuba kungokunivela, ngaphezu Sakurajima sifakelwe webcam, nto leyo rhoqo esweni ubume kuloo mngxuma. Akukho namnye Japanese mihla azikho ihambo bamangaliswa imithambo rhoqo ngendlela uqhubeke xa kuthe iintlekele zemvelo, kwakunye nenani elikhulu yamakhaya. Akumangalisi ke, Sakurajima, kwaye ngoku kucingelwa ukuba yenye neenkokeli uluhlu "mlilo ezininzi eziyingozi zehlabathi."

Omnye iqhuma likhulu mlilo ukuba imbali yayo kwenzeka ngo-1924. ukunyikima koko walumkisa balapho ingozi ezayo, ngoko inkoliso yabo ikwazile ukuba sibalekele qelele. Yaba emva kwesi sihelegu, ngenxa umthamo omkhulu, udaka siphalalele phandle, ekuthiwa-Sakura Island yaba usingasiqithi. Le nto yokuba zenza ilizwe ibhulorho eyayidibanisa ukuba Kyushu, apho iqhele isixeko Kagoshima. Enye ingubo ebomvu-hot nyaka opheleleyo ngcembe kwesinye kuloo mngxuma, nto leyo eye yakhokelela ekwandeni kakhulu komgangatho. Izazinzulu lubonisa ukuba kukho mgodi enkulu kwabunjwa phantsi kweempembelelo iinkqubo ezifana ezenzeka kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama amabini amawaka eyadlulayo.

Koryak mlilo

Enye ezinika eziphambili ayisekelwanga kuphela ena Peninsula, kodwa kuyo yonke iRussia, uthathwa ukuba mlilo Koryak. Nguye lo liphezulu (iimitha 3456) kweli qela, kwakunye omnye kakhulu ezintle. Le ntaba enemilo ikhowuni odidi ekunene, ngoko ke ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuba ummeli ngokuqhelekileyo stratovolcanoes. Modern, ukusebenza kunqabile kakhulu, umngxuma ubuxoki kwintshona. Uphethe ubunzulu leyo ilingana kweemitha ezingama-24 kuphela. kuwugcina ngokuwubopha yamandulo, zizaliswe ngoku yi glacier, ibekwe kwinxalenye esemantla.

Olona phawu ephambili Koryak mlilo ngoku ingqalelo umsebenzi yayo esezantsi. Kwiingxelo zembali, kukho iinkumbulo kuphela mlilo bakhe ababini. Kunzima ukuba kubizwa ngokuba nomelele, kwaye yenzeka ngo-1895 no-1956. Kwimeko yokuqala, udaka ahlayo ngokuzolileyo ukusuka mngxuma, yaye le nkqubo nokuba ephelekwa kuqhuma, ngoko abahlali abaninzi nkqu qaphela oko kwenzekayo. Iilwimi wemilanjana kumathambeka, apho emkhenkceni, nkqu kufikelela unyawo, basinda.

Okunye ekhululekile yaba mlilo yesibini. Ngelo xesha yokuvusa wakhe wathatha indawo, sikhatshwe uthotho umothuko wamva. Xa eqeleni ubukhulu kuqhuma 500 x 15 eemitha ubude nobubanzi, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Kuyo kwakukho ukukhululwa iigesi, uthuthu kunye nezinye iimveliso mlilo. Emva kwexesha elithile, umsantsa izele zeBlack kunye nobutyobo amancinci. Kulo mzekelo, akukho nto weva uphawu izandi ngaxeshanye yayifana sniffles, neyomsondlo, ukupopoza kunye umlozi. Eyona umdla kule dubulo yaba ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo mlilo. Namhlanje, phezu mlilo kuza kujongwa ngeliso lenyama ekhasa kunye neegesi, nto leyo eyenzeka phantse rhoqo.

entabeni papandayan

Okwangoku, kwisiqithi Indonesian lwe Java, kukho malunga 120 mlilo. Phantse omnye kwabane kubo isemthethweni, yaye ngoko ke uthwala umngcipheko abantu. Ngaphambili, ukuba sele wayengomnye abameli babo - Merapi. Ukongeza, kufanele kuqatshelwe kwakhona entabeni mlilo papandayan, leyo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kubakhenkethi. Oku kuchazwe yi phambi endhawini iqela elikhulu imithombo kunye Igiza ngodaka kunye entabeni elibaleka ecaleni ithambeka. Inyaniso yokuba kunempembelelo impiliso emzimbeni womntu. kwithempritsha yayo phantse 42 degrees.

I-mlilo yenye kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye inkulu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. wentaba wayo ibekwe ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwintaba ephakame kweemitha 1800. migodi Kufuphi iintlobo nokoyika iigesi sulphur zixubene kunye entabeni inkungu ebandayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngqo umngxuma ngokwaso endleleni. Ke Papandayana iqhuma, lowo lokugqibela apha kwakukho iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi eyadlulayo.

Taal

Kuzo zonke mlilo kwiplanethi yethu yeyona Taal incinane, nto leyo ekumgama amahlanu neekhilomitha kude Manila - capital Philippine. Kwi echibini eponymous it yakha uhlobo wesiqithi, indawo of 23 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Akumangalisi ke, ukuba kwakhokelwa imbonakalo mlilo. Lisendaweni kwiimitha 350 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle, ifumaneka umngxuma, leyo kwasekwa sedikeni enobubanzi kweekhilomitha ezimbini. 33 mlilo Taal amandla ezahlukeneyo yabhalwa kwiminyaka engamakhulu mihlanu idlulileyo. Eyona emibi kubo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwenzeka ngo-1911. Oku kwakhokelela ukufa engaphezu kwewaka abantu. Ngelo xesha linye ilifu ash betekisi ubukhulu wawubonakala kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-400 ukusuka mlilo. Kuqhuma lokugqibela lisukela emva 1965. Yaza yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabini.

Nangona nengozi ephezulu kwale ndawo, phezu kunxweme chibi kukho izixeko ezihlanu nemizi ezininzi ezincinane. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwakhona ukuba ubukho zezityalo ezimbini amandla akhiwe kufutshane kunye nomsebenzi. Amalungu ziko obuphethelene wengingqi esoloko efundwayo utshintsho kubume mlilo ukuthintela ezi kuqhume. Phezu kwayo yonke, Taal mlilo njengenye yezona ndawo kubakhenkethi uthandwayo kwiiPhilippines. Ngokutsho izimvo ngokundwendwela abakhenkethi bakhe, phezulu inika imbono eyodwa emaphandleni ajikelezileyo, Ezilwandle nasemanzini iziqithi. Ungafumana apha ngephenyane na idolophu kwi iselunxwemeni.

Ulawun

Ethetha mlilo kakhulu eziyingozi kwiplanethi yethu, asingekhe silibale ngayo Ulawun equlathe ikakhulu abangelwe kunye andesite. Le ise emdeni Papua New Guinea yenye abo adlabhuke rhoqo. ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha 2334. Kwamaxandeka entabeni kwintaba ephakame lamawaka leemitha abagubungela uluhlu olubanzi kotyani. Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo kwaba ngaphantsi kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa mlilo eyenzeka phantsi kwamanzi, phantse ebezisoloko itsunami enamandla. Phantsi yempembelelo Ukophuka kolu qweqwe lomhlaba ngo 1878. mlilo Ulawun wavuka waza waba zibonakala ngaphezu kwamanzi.

Ngowe-1700, oko kwabhalwa kuqala ngokusesikweni mlilo yayo. Emva koko, kufutshane Papua New Guinea wemka ngomkhombe inqanawa kwibhodi ye leyo Uilyam Dampir - eyaziwa umhambi evela UK. Kamva echazwe memoirs bakhe kule nkqubo alibaleke. Enye dubulo ezaziwayo-kakuhle Ulawun kwenzeka ngo-1915. Kwaba namandla kangangokuba dvenadtsatisantimetrovym inwebu ash layigubungela dolophu, ekumgama amahlanu eekhilomitha ukusuka kumbindi womhlaba. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele le ntlekele eyenzeka May 28, 1937, xa ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze ash bahlala ngeekhilomitha 120 ukusuka umngxuma. Ngokubanzi, kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini edlulileyo Kwathi 22 kukujaduka mlilo.

Santa Maria

E Guatemala, nguye indala stratovolcanoes ezikhoyo on Earth. It has a ukuphakama kuyimitha 3772 kunye nesakhiwo kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo. Sangqa cone yayo ephambili oziikhilomitha ezilishumi. In kwithambeka emazantsi-ntshona ungabona iintlambo ezininzi akhiwa iqhuma kumaxesha amandulo. Ngokumalunga kwithambeka elingasemntla, le yimingxuma enkulu kunye imingxuma Akukho kude noseko lwalo. Ukuba sikholelwa isifundo, abaphandi, malunga amathathu amawaka kwiminyaka edlulileyo dubulo lokuqala baqalisa ukuba zenzeke.

Basekuhlaleni baye igama lo mlilo Santa Maria njenge "Gagksanul". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, de-24 Oktobha 1992 yaye ke zizakubalulwa umsebenzi yaye wakwazi ukulala iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu. Nangona kunjalo, i-dubulo wokuqala emva oku nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Le kuqhuma enamandla kangangokuba laviwa nokuba abahlali Costa Rica, nto leyo iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu asibhozo ukusuka apha. Ngaphezu koko, uthuthu lenyuka ku-28 km eliphezulu. I-dubulo lwabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama amawaka amahlanu. Ukongeza, ukuba yatshatyalaliswa inani elikhulu lwezakhiwo. indawo yabo bebonke, njengoko iingxelo ezenziwe cofa hlabathi, wenze ngaphezu kwe 180 ophosa square. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngaxeshanye yaye kwakukho udaka lwentaba-mlilo ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ebizwa Santiago.

Kuyo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, abangama ezinkulu ezintathu esisigxina mlilo yayo. Kwaye namhlanje kucingwa omnye kakhulu yingozi kwi planethi, kuba igquma siqine umngxuma, ephelekwa ukukhululwa eetoni uthuthu rock mlilo kungaqala nangawuphi na umzuzu.