Fish (class): inkcazelo. usapho fish

Ihlabathi intlanzi zahlukahlukene kakhulu, ngokunjalo ezihlala kuzo. Baya eziphila elwandle, iilwandle, imilambo kunye namachibi, mbi eshushu emvula, kunye kumanzi abandayo olwandlwe lwe-Arctic Ocean. Njani yahluke kwezinye izilwanyana? Ziziphi iintlobo zentlanzi kunye nosapho apho?

Yintoni esiyaziyo iintlanzi?

Malunga nama-70% ye-Umhlaba lawusibekela ngamanzi, ebeyilihlambele indlu siphambili aba bantu Akumangalisi. iintlanzi World luqulathe iintlobo 20,000. Zizinto ezinekhono ezibalaseleyo bayihlale amanzi kunye netyiwa. Ukuze ufumane ukutya, iintlanzi ziyakwazi ukuhamba imigama emide.

Ezi zilwanyana uphefumle usebenzisa iigilizi anokufumaneka kuzo ebudeni zonke izigaba zophuhliso. phantse umzimba wentlanzi bugubungela isikali - iipleyiti ngokusondeleyo wesikolo bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye benzela ukhuselo. ubushushu bomzimba wabo akwenzeki njalo, kodwa kuxhomekeke kokusingqongileyo.

Kukho iintlanzi ezihlala kufuphi kwamanzi, abanye bahlala izixhobo okanye emazantsi. Ukuqubha kungenxa izihlunu. Zahlula-hlulwe "slow", linoxanduva intshukumo elilinganisiweyo kunye ukuphaphatheka, "fast" sokusabela nangoko. Le zigcwalisa yenziwa ngokusebenzisa amaphiko, kunye nentshukumo enzonzobila - esinyini qubha (inxalenye kuphela nakwiintlanzi).

Ngeentlobo kunye nokubekwa

Nam iqela ekuyo enoluhlu olubanzi enjalo iimilo zomzimba kunye kombala iintlanzi. Bayakwazi ibe mbhoxo, ngeenxa zonke, tyaba, yeNyoka (umz, amaqhakuva okanye Moray). Ezinye zazo zigutyungelwe kunye ameva (iintlanzi-sea), ngoxa abanye, ndayihluthwa nkqu ezikalini. iintlobo ezithile bayakwazi ugwencele ngokufutshane imithi, bembe emhlabeni okanye zidlule phezu kwamanzi.

fish Jawed amele iqela izilwanyana akwi chordates. ukuhlelwa zabo Ukutshintsha rhoqo ngenxa kwafunyanwa iintlobo ezintsha. Okwangoku, bahlukene ngokweendidi ezintathu: intlala, ray-finned kunye nomhlehlo. Le yokugqibela ezimbini bayinxalenye superclass ithambo.

Kodwa ke lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe subclasses, superorder, imiyalelo, iintsapho, kwisizukulwana neentlobo. iintlanzi yomkhaya ebemaninzi. Xa zizonke ezininzi efanayo imilo, umbala, inombolo kunye ubungakanani unikezelo amaphiko. Eyona idumileyo inyamakazi iintlanzi yentsapho salmon, carangidae, sisinkantazi, herring kunye nabanye.

aphezu

Ikufutshane ookhokho babo zamandulo ezi ntlanzi. Iklasi wabonakala malunga 300 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. abameli balo kuqala bafudukela imizimba emhlabeni emanzini, nto leyo ebangele ukuba ukukhusela kumarhamncwa kunye nokulondolozwa lweempawu ezizodwa.

fish lobe ezineefitsha mihla akudala kubume. amaphiko Wide zikuvumela ukuba bahambe emazantsi ugqume imigama emifutshane kwezinye izidumbu amanzi. izalelwe Special emphinjeni babo ukuba babe ukukhanya, ukuze bakwazi ukubamba umoya wabo.

Abameli idumileyo - usapho latimerievyh. It iintlanzi crossopterygian, nto leyo iminyaka emininzi ingqalelo extinct malunga engama-60 eyadlulayo. Ngowe-1938, i-coelacanth wabanjwa kufuphi nonxweme eMzantsi Afrika kunye ogama lakhe behlonipha Marjorie iCourtenay-naye, eyafumana ngayo.

actinopterygii

Udidi oluphathelene ithambo intlanzi, i ziqhelekileyo kwaye kubandakanya okungakumbi-93% yazo zonke iintlanzi. ubungakanani zawo ukusuka milimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kutsho kwiimitha 10-12. Zingaphi ithambo, baye babe lwesinye qubha enoxanduva hydrostatics, umoya kunye ukuyilwa izandi. Inceda intlanzi ukuba igcinwe kubunzulu ezithile ngaphandle umgudu, kwakunye ukuhamba ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu.

neentlanzi ray-finned Avilable luphawulwa kungekho Isingqi (esqwini longitudinal ngamathambo), ngokuchaseneyo nomhlehlo. Kukho umqolo ithambo kuphela. Izikali maxa wambi indawo kwiipleyiti ithambo. amaphiko ngababini emhlane yabo ukuya ku abathathu. imingxunyana lwangaphakathi ngeempumlo ekhoyo.

Ezi iintlanzi ezininzi. Class kuquka iintsapho ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini. Oku kuquka zombini kakuhle ngabo bonke iphezulu, Intlanzi, gobies kunye goosefish ahlekisayo, triggerfish. Le yokugqibela kufuneka ngombala omhle nezinala okanye enemigca. Kufuphi ameva amaphiko ayo, baye ezintathu, enye yazo isebenza umnyele, bathimba abanye ababini.

neentlanzi cartilaginous

Udidi iintlanzi cartilaginous yahlukile kwindawo yokuqala isakhiwo amathambo, nto leyo yenziwa ezininzi kuThixo intlala. Bona, ndayihluthwa esinyini qubha, ngoko kuqhutyelwa kwikholam amanzi intshukumo esebenzayo kakhulu. Uninzi iintlanzi cartilaginous musa ukubeka amaqanda kodwa uzale abantwana babo.

Ubume bale iigilizi uhlobo kakhulu. Bona bengenakufumana isiciko kumculo, ngathi intlanzi ingamathambo, uhambe ngaphandle. Ezinye iintlobo lokuphefumla umlomo, abanye sebenzisa spiracle kunye iigilizi. ukwakhiwa kwawo imichiza efana emazinyweni zabantu.

Abameli eklasini ezithambekileyo kunye shark kakhulu. Stingrays ziye thile atshabalalisa imizimba kunye amaphiko pectoral enkulu, umsila wolula obhityileyo. Izilwanyana zikhula iisentimitha ezimbalwa ukuya ku esixhenxe ubude. reyi zombane kufuneka amalungu ezikhethekileyo ekwaziyo yokukhupha obhobhozayo yangoku volts 250.

Ookrebe ziquka kuka-450. ubungakanani zawo iisentimitha-15 ukuya 20 eemitha. Le ukrebe inkulu umnenga kuthathwa limele. Sidla kwizidalwa kwaye ayingozi ebantwini. nezinye iintlobo ezininzi esikhulu samanzi, phezu koko, ke amarhamncwa. Abaninzi kubo akwaziqonda obalaseleyo seyiphi. omhlophe, umzekelo, uyakwazi ukubamba ivumba nethontsi legazi ngenxa iimitha ezimbalwa.

fish fancy

Eyona nto inzima kuzo zonke nakwiintlanzi nokudleka yintlanzi-inyanga. Lukhule ezintathu eemitha ubude. Animal atshabalalisa macala kwaye zimile idiski kunye amaphiko amabini eveleleyo. Umbala gray esimdaka okanye ezimnyama. Le ndlovu inkulu inobunzima amawaka 2 kilograms kwaye ufikelela 4.2 ubude.

Seahorse yintlanzi, ufana nangona kancinci kuye. It eYafo nkqo zimile ihashe piece chess. Oku kucingwa ukuba isalamane esisondeleyo enamagqabi dragon yolwandle. amaphiko akhe bukhanye bafana isityalo yene.

UNapoleon intlanzi fanele intsapho Gubanov, nto leyo akulolize. It has a imilebe omkhulu ngokupheleleyo. Kufunyenwe igama layo ngenxa Amahlathi engaqhelekanga ebunzi, ibe cocked zabalawuli.