Syllogism Simple categorical, kunye nemizekelo ukusetyenziswa kwayo practice egwebayo

Ingqiqo, njengoko nisazi, wenziwe sele ziphunyezwe ngokusesikweni, kwaye izigqibo. Enye iibhloko yayo zokwakha ezingundoqo - le syllogism categorical - kwesi sigqibo, ubhedu ebanjwayo, oko kukuthi, isiphelo zithuba ezizodwa ezithile jikelele. It sivela iimpikiswano ezimbini eziphambili okanye iipasile ligama ezihambelanayo. Ekubeni iimpikiswano ezinjalo ezimbini kuphela, lo syllogism kuthiwa elula, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iipasile abacikidekileyo (okanye sikhatyiwe) kunokuba ngokucacile, la mazwi alula ebizwa categorical. Nanku umzekelo ocacileyo we lako enjalo. Le ngxoxo lokuqala: 'Bonke abantu abafayo ". Le ngxoxo yesibini: "Ivan - mntu." Isiphelo, ibe ngumgwebo, ngoko ke, ithi: "Ivan - ofayo" Njengoko sele sibonile, ngokufanelekileyo okanye ngokuphosakeleyo zonke iipasile akujongwa apha. Sithatha lula into yokuba ukuphila kwabantu owugqibileyo, kunye uIvan lilungu oonyana babantu.

Umzekelo woku izigqibo nabalulamileyo, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba syllogism elula categorical na isakhiwo yayo. Kuyo nayiphi na Isivisa lako (igama kunye ixabiso licaciswe, kwimeko yethu - abantu ofayo) lisoloko banzi kwisifundo (Ivan). Ngoko ke, iipasile equlethe isivisa ibizwa elikhulu, kodwa leyo ibandakanya isifundo - encinane. Sibophelela la kwiimpikiswano umlamleli elide M (medium) - kulo mzekelo, bantu, umntu. Ngoko, kwi uhlalutyo lokusebenza izigwebo ingqiqo ukuze ukuqala ekufumaneni indawo kuso kunye nesivisa zesifundo, kwakunye phambi umlamli phakathi kwabo.

Kule hlalutyo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba syllogism elula categorical kufuneka siqulathe i saziwe leyo ingachazwayo, kodwa kukho: yonke into sivunyiwe okanye sikhatyiwe zonke uhlobo izinto isebenza into nganye kolu hlobo. Ngoko ke, isindululo esinjalo siya kuba ephosakeleyo: 1. Abantu baphele zooyise. 2. UPetros - mntu. 3. UPetros - uyise. Kulo mzekelo, saziwe le syllogism linokunyhashwa kuba lukatata akukho kwandiselwa kubo bonke abantu. Ngoko ke, xa kusakhiwa ukuthelekelela kufuneka balandele ngqo le migaqo. Kukho esixhenxe kuphela: ezintathu kubo ukukuqonda oko, yaye ezine - iipasile.

Silawule omnye: a syllogism elula categorical iqulethe amagama amathathu kuphela. Ngekota yesine - kanye. Ukuchongwa kwe iingqiqo ezahlukeneyo ibandakanya impazamo. Umzekelo: 1.Sidorov benza ubusela. 2. Sidorov - isibizo. 3. Igama uye wenza ubusela. Apha Sidorov kunye izibizo ineentsingiselo ezahlukileyo. Rule ezimbini: I onegunya elide kufuneka babekho kule ndawo. Ukuba unxulumano phakathi isivisa kunye sifundo hayi ingafakwa okanye ke bokuba, kwaye syllogism ihlala nezima: 1. Abanye abantu - ababulali. 2. Ivan kungenziwa ngokuba indoda ethile. 3. Ivan - umbulali. Ke ekugqibeleni, umthetho wesithathu. Ukuba awufuni ukusebenzisa gama benixambulisana isivisa, kodwa ekhoyo xa siqukumbela, bekuya kuba syllogism engalunganga. Imizekelo yemposiso olunjalo lungabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1. Kwimeko Moscow mmandla kowe. 2. St. Petersburg ise kwingingqi eMoscow. 3. Ngo St. Petersburg, hayi ityala lokubulala.

Ukongeza imiqathango imithetho kufuneka balandele imithetho yesakhiwo. Ubuncinane omnye wabo kufuneka baphathe ingxelo, kuba nantoni na ukuba bumiswe, simele into aqale. Ukuba elinye ukuphikisana phambili - ukuphika, ngoko ke isiphelo kufuneka ezimbi. Kwakhona ku syllogism elula categorical ifumanekile ngokuchanekileyo, ubuncinane omnye ukuphikisana phambili kufuneka ukuba ube ngokubanzi umgwebo categorical. Kwaye kwisakhiwo ulawulo lokugqibela: ukuba ubuncinane omnye wabo - yabucala, ngoko ke isiphelo kufuneka zabucala. Umzekelo: 1. I-mthetho uya kohlwaywa (umgwebo total). 2. ivanov senza ubugebengu (kwimeko ethile). 3. ivanov kufuneka bohlwaywe.