Field isicelo, kunye neempawu kwifomula Tungsten

Yintoni Tungsten? Eyona engundoqo iimpawu element ngokusekelwe awohluke lwesakhiwo yayo chemical. Ngenxa nemfuno Tungsten, kufuneka uqonde ngocoselelo isakhiwo sayo.

Indawo kwiTheyibhile Periodic

Ukuqwalasela iimpawu ezisisiseko Tungsten, qala yokuba bane inani 74th. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, iluphawu metal yenguqu kokuba umbala oluhlaza-zesilivere. Tungsten luqine, abe ukukhazimla sisinyithi. Le yeyona eliyinjubaqa mkhulu kwiqondo lokunyibilika na carbon kuphela. ² 5p ⁶ 5d ⁴ 6s ² , E _ион (Ме => Ме ⁺ + e) = 7,98 э В. ifomula Electronic: KLMN5s ² 5p ^{4 6} 5d 6 ^2, E _zolimo (Me => Me ^{+ +} e) = 7,98 e V.

Provenance

igama layo ongaqhelekanga olu lubotshelelwe wolframite bezimbiwa. "Lobo amagwebu" liye kwaziwa ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16. Eli gama okungaqhelekanga sichazwe bubukho kwezimbiwa kulo ores etotini. Tungsten nqanda tin aphele, ukuguqulela nayo amagwebu evela slags. Ziintoni iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze Tungsten zaba sisiseko ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kolu shishino? EUnited States olu kuthiwa "ilitye elinzima".

Ngenkulungwane ye-18 ekupheleni Swede Scheele ne-nitric acid ngayo yezimbiwa scheelite awayifumanayo, ukufumana Tungsten trioxide. Kungekudala emva koko, abazalwana bakwazi ukufumana Eliyar Tungsten esuka wolframite Saxon. Kuyinto le ekhemisi, ezinye ziye zachongwa iimpawu lwemichiza Tungsten.

Ukuba indalo

Ngaba kukho nantoni na uhlobo Tungsten esulungekileyo? iimpawu lwemichiza intsimbi lubonisa ubukho balo kuqweqwe ukuba inkoliso ngokohlobo iikhompawundi. Umzekelo, umxube oxides of yemanganizi, intsimbi, Tungsten. Kuba izicelo industrial umchiza kukhethiwe ferberite kunye Gyubnera. Zikhona ukongeza Tungsten, intsimbi kunye manganese. Iipropati Physical of Tungsten zentsimbi kunye nokuvumela ukuba abele yezimbiwa Tungsten. Kubo, uyazikhomba ayidluli ekhulwini ezimbini. Phakathi iidiphozithi mkhulu Tungsten, siphawula China, i-US, Kazakhstan. Ukongeza, koovimba ezichongiweyo kwaye kakhulu ekrwada metal eMzantsi Korea, Bolivia, eRashiya, Portugal. Iipropati eXcellent wenyama Tungsten bacinga imveliso yayo eninzi mveliso. imveliso yonyaka yehlabathi ngayo malunga 50 kweetoni eziliwaka element eliyinjubaqa. Eyona abathumela eziphambili Tungsten kuthathwa South Korea, China, Austria. Phakathi amazwe eliyinjubaqa yesundu metal lobunkokheli bobabo i-United Kingdom, eJapan, eUnited States, eJamani.

Iimpawu production

Ukulungiswa Tungsten lwenziwa nge njengenyathelo eliphakathi, nto leyo ethetha yokwahlukana ore mxube Tungsten trioxide. Okulandelayo, oko kwenziwa ukubuyisela metal olungumgubo. Inyathelo kuthatha indawo kubushushu malunga 700 degrees Celsius. Ziintoni iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze Tungsten zezona intliziyo obu bugcisa? Iqondo eliphezulu yokunyibilika ivumela nge yokunyibilikisa umgubo phantsi yaluthuli ukugangatheka, sintering kwi-bume hydrogen kubushushu omalunga 1300 degrees Celsius. Okulandelayo, emva kokuba ufumene umbane Tungsten lidlule. Xa wentsimbi lashushu lobushushu degrees 3000 waphawula izinto monolithic. Ngokusebenzisa enyibilikisa lommandla lwenziwa yokucoca kunye nokulungisa single-crystal metal elandelayo.

izakhiwo

Ziintoni iimpawu a Tungsten? iipropati zemichiza esekelwe kwithempritsha yayo yokunyibilika eliphezulu. Isiqalelo uba Valence of ukusuka ku-2 ukuya ku-6 Eyona esitalini kunye valency of Tungsten ngu ezintandathu. Metal lubonakala oluphuculweyo nokumelana. Oku akuthethi oxidize umoya kubushushu igumbi. Xa Tungsten oxide, ke yona kuphela xa amaqondo obushushu bend ezimhlophe. Xa uthotho electrochemical zesinyithi ligxininisa element esebenzayo ibekwe emva hydrogen, ngoko ke akukho enyibilikayo yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano hydrofluoric kunye asidi sulphuric. Tungsten uyakwazi ukunyibilikisa hydrogen peroxide, kwakunye umxube wezinto asidi hydrofluoric kunye ne-nitric.

Phambi iioksidenti zesinyithi esebenzayo ekwaziyo zakudibana alkalies etyhidiweyo. Okokuqala, basabela aqhubeke kunokuba kancinane, kodwa emva kokuba lobushushu degrees 400 kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo esotha intsimbi, leyo ibalekisa basabela. Tungsten kwi umxube മണ്ഡലം ifildi kunye ne-nitric iifom acid geksaftorvolframovuyu. Le mali iphezulu asetyenziswe trioxide Tungsten shishino. Xa tungstate uyakwazi ukwenza i anion polymeric. Le but is sisiseko izinto eliyinjubaqa kushishino mihla.

Fields of application

njani ukusebenzisa Tungsten khabhayithi? Iimpawu ze-compound kusetyenziswa kulahlula Tungsten ecocekileyo. Plasticity nesinyithi eliyinjubaqa ziye zenza isiseko ekudalweni kwayo e imidlalo izibane ezininzi. Ukongezelela, Tungsten lisetyenziswa iityhubhu umfanekiso neetyhubhu cleaner. Ekubeni lo sakhi ezixineneyo, iye yaba sisiseko imveliso aluminium enzima. Ke kubalulekile ukuba indalo uzinzo, kunye umphakathi nezikrweqe-osisaqhwithi,-high speed gyroscopes rotors for mijukujelwa weave. Imiqulu elikhulu Tungsten isetyenziswa ngendlela argon-arc welding njengento electrode. Aluminiyamu, nto leyo kumafa yaso Tungsten, abe ukumelana nobushushu eliphezulu, ukumelana acid, ukuba abanganyangekiyo Ngeentlobo koomatshini. iimpawu ezinjalo ukuba ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zotyando, amatanki nezikrweqe, iinjini moya, ukulungiselela izikhongozeli kwezinto radioactive. Loo Tungsten wenkqubo yinxenye ebalulekileyo ukuba nokuveliswa kumabakala yentsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Kusetyenziswa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu amaziko cleaner njengento ukufudumeza. Xa yayo ingxubevange kunye thermocouples oluLula ukubonelela emlilweni ezinjalo.

isiphelo

Kungenxa yokuba eliphezulu lexinene Tungsten but is esifanelekileyo sokhuseleko komhlaba ukusuka ionizing kwimitha. nobulukhuni Ukwanda refractoriness metal kudala ubunzima obukhulu ekwenziweni kwayo. Ukusombulula iingxaki kuqaliswa kwi-nickel, nobhedu nesinyithi. ukumelana Tungsten wenze ithandwa ekwenziweni izinto zokwakha sobunjineli mihla.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba wokugaya, NOKUCUKUCEZA, ajike, kusombiwa. Umzekelo, ukuwina ubunjwe Tungsten khabhayithi. Lo mxube olusetyenziswa drill esisetyenziswayo ukwenza imingxuma kwi eziphathekayo. Tungsten emanzini lisebenza njenge igrisi-lobushushu eliphezulu. Wathi kwi kwimveliso. Icandelo Tungsten zithako zisetyenziswa zombala kunye ehlanganisa. Faka le compound metal kwaye nanjengom-elementi alloying kwi yodidi kunye aluminium ezisekelwe entsimbini. ixabiso bemvelo Tungsten wentsimbi angenako.