Ezakhiwe Famous nezakhiwo yamhlamnene. lidala

Kukholelwa ukuba ihlabathi lamandulo - ingqokelela lempucuko ekhoyo emhlabeni ukususela kumaxesha ukuhlinza kumaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni. Izakhelo ngesimo kakhulu - kuba amazwe East abanazo, ngokuba Melika - yethu (amazwe okuqala izwekazi baseYurophu).

lemveli emangalisayo

Kweli xesha, kwakukho impucuko eziliqela kunye nenkcubeko yabo. Siye yasinda izakhiwo adumileyo kunye nezakhiwo yamhlamnene. Abayi ezincinane kakhulu, kodwa izinto ezikhanya ezi ezashiywa elidlulileyo ezifana "Isixeko esibhakabhakeni" okanye Machu Picchu ePeru, Temple of Jupiter Baalbek eLebhanon, iiphiramidi odumileyo saseYiputa Giza, Cairo dolophu. Olu luhlu luquka i zakudala imisele ze uBukhosi baseRoma ukuba kwavela AD ngenkulungwane yokuqala window ngezitena Alexandria, iintsalela kwiitempile zamaGrike, Dzhervansky umsele e Iraq, uThixo amajukujuku eziphathekayo iitempile baseRoma.

Close impucuko yethu

Kwilizwekazi ngalinye, qiniseka kukho izinto zamandulo. Kodwa abantu e Europe (ngengqiqo eendawo yeli gama) Ihlabathi yamandulo idityanisiwe ikakhulu eGrisi naseRoma, i Cleopatra lwamaYiputa omthandayo yaye Yuliy Tsezar kunye Antony. Ukongeza, bona kunye nabanye abalawuli baseRoma waphupha amakhoboka eYiputa. iincwadi Russian kunye nobugcisa de ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX ezidibene zeemposiso of Greece neRoma. A impucuko lweMeditera kuthathwa nelaye lasisiseko uluntu. Ngoko ke, cinga izakhiwo odumileyo ngakumbi nezakhiwo lidala kufuneka iqale Greece neRoma.

Agora - i perile izakhiwo zehlabathi

Greece has a lot of ezikhumbuzo nangoku amaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali kunye amanxuwa angunaphakade yesiGrike amabhotwe kunye nezakhiwo zonqulo chithi lonke elo lizwe. Babale nzima, kodwa zikhona izinto ezijongwa iisimboli zehlabathi lamandulo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo zazo Acropolis, ibekwe kwi nemisinga eAthens. Lo inqaba original, simi phezu kwentaba, nto leyo ufikelela umphakamo we-156 ubude, oko lilingana ububanzi-300 ubude - 170. Le dolophu eliphezulu kakuhle enqatyisiweyo, elibheke asezantsi i ngokungakhuselekanga. Agora yayiyindawo elisembindini izibingelelo oothixo, kubathengi zedolophu, oko abantu kusithela ngamaxesha emfazwe. Bubuqaqawuli obubalaseleyo Acropolis i World Heritage Site. Ibali lakhe sele efunde kakuhle.

IParthenon - Agora ukhonya

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eqingqiweyo eqingqiweyo ukusuka Acropolis ukuba kwiimyuziyam ezininzi ehlabathini lonke. Yenzelwe 21, nelona galelo likhulu zezi ke iParthenon - ikhadi hayi nje Greece, kodwa ihlabathi lonke mandulo.

Okuqukiweyo kuluhlu "yeetempile ezinkulu", yayakhiwe phezu iziseko kwitempile yamandulo labazobi BC ngenkulungwane V kunye Callicrates Iktinos. Yena ulawula yonke elimi ngayo. Kuyinto enye, isakhiwo efanelekileyo evumelana ngokobutyebi iimpawu ezizodwa. Kodwa malunga zonke iinkcukacha elincinane ezininzi yakhe ebhaliweyo iincwadi. Into kuphela ukuba kuphawulwe - kuba phezu iperimitha singqongwe kwimiqolo (a ebizwa ifom periptera). Le nto yenza itempile phambili entle.

Athene - ubuncwane, izakhiwo yamandulo

Ezinye izakhiwo kummandla Greece yamandulo, iziko engcwele aseAthene yamandulo, i Acropolis iitempile zichaziwe ezifana Erechtheion, elingcwele, edume kukumkani baseAthene Erechtheus, eAreyopago (igunya), itempile Athena Nike. Kuyo yonke loo dolophu kukho amabhodlo iitempile kunye nabanye abaninzi, njengoko yonke Greece - an open air imyuziyam inkcubeko yamandulo. Kuyinto Temple of Olympian kaZeyus, Nike Aptera, Hephaestus, endlwini ka-Apollo e Ugcino, Poseidon eCape Sounion, zekhompyutha kwi iPeloponnese Peninsula, Demeter e Eleusis. Yeyona izakhiwo edume nezakhiwo bamandulo, wadalwa eGrisi.

iindawo kuqala zokunqula

Tower imimoya neemitha ezingama-12 ukuphakama enobubanzi base - - Ngelo xesha kamva eAthene, omnye lwamaziko zokuqala zemozulu kwakhiwa 8 m Ipharamitha kwezi myuziyam yamandulo igqibelele, ukuba isiseko lonke izakhiwo kunye nabayili bezakhiwo bafunda kulo lonke ihlabathi..

Kuzo zonke ezi zinto zingasentla lidala seAreyopago kuphela yi isakhiwo solawulo, bonke abanye - ukuba iindawo zonqulo. Yingcwele inkulu Olympia, nto leyo ibekwe iPeloponnese. Oku walawula lehlelo kaZeyus.

Ekhaya Business Card eRoma

Great uBukhosi baseRoma - le impucuko endala lweMeditera, uvela Greece yamandulo. Ngokutsho legend, inzala ngqo linguEneya, iqhawe kaTrojan, abazalwana Romulus kunye Remus, wondla yi ingcuka, yasekwa iRoma kunye ubukhosi mkhulu leyo banika ihlabathi inkcubeko enkulu.

Izakhiwo baseRoma yamandulo kweli nqaku 10 iipatheni yokwakha apho eziqhelekileyo kubemi ezininzi zomhlaba, kude kude yokufunda. Ngubani na ongazaziyo eColosseum - iisimboli iphambili eRoma? Half-okonakalisa udonga olungaphandle ezingqonge kwibala emithathu tiered elimbhoxo. Kumaxesha amandulo, inani lilonke Iingqameko eludongeni - 240, 80 kubo ibekwe ezintlu asezantsi. Iingqameko zalo elikumgangatho yokuqala neyesibini baba nemifanekiso - imisebenzi iinkosi ilungileyo eRoma.

Eyona acacile uphawu

Apiyo eziqhelekileyo kakhulu abaninzi ngenxa ukuphela elibuhlungu yoBuhlobo ye uSpartacus ubomi ebotshelelwe kwiipali ibekwe ecaleni kwawo bona, bayazi esikolweni. Kwaye ke ukudubula yokugqibela ihlelo American umboniso wachukumisa filmgoers ehlabathini lonke.

ezakhiwe Famous nezakhiwo lidala, ibekwe kwikomkhulu yamandulo, ufanelwe yamaRoma Forum, nto leyo esele ebukumkanini Tarkvikiya Nekratshi yaba liziko lobomi kwezopolitiko, inkcubeko kunye neyenkolo ye uBukhosi baseRoma. Nazi ke endlwini UVesta, uVespasian iSaturn. Ngasinye kuzo ezinxulumene amaphepha ebuhlungu okanye onwabile kwimbali yamandulo. Ngu ekuqaleni ngenkulungwane II elibachaphazelayo ezigcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo Umhlathi kaTrajan. 185 degrees amalungiselelo ngaphakathi kwindawo ukubukela zibekwe, zibekwe nomphakamo imizuzu 38. UMkroli uApollodorus IDamasko osimisileyo kunyaka 114. Libonakalisa uloyiso phezu Dacians.

Olu luhlu lulandelayo

Eyahlukileyo Roman kela - iTempile bonke oothixo. Kwakhiwa 126 AD, yena iinqaba phezu Piazza della Rotonda.

Kwakukhangeleka izakhiwo adumileyo kunye nezakhiwo zamandulo, ungabona ngokujonga marble woloyiso Arch kukaTito. Yeyona isakhiwo omdala yakhiwa ngo-81, wokuwonga elaa kuthinjwe eYerusalem. Ayafika arch phezu Via Sacra. Span Single, oko iba ukuphakama 15.4 m, nobubanzi ukuya ku-13.5 m, flight ubunzulu malunga kweemitha ezi-5, ububanzi balo - 5.33 yeemitha. Emasangweni ezinjalo kubiza nayiphi na inqwelo, kuquka Quadriga. Ifudusiwe bas-imikrolo ebonisa noTito neembasa. Itempile yamaYuda yatshatyalaliswa kubo emhlabeni, kwaye abaphumeleleyo baya amanqugwala yakhe eziphambili - umntwana. Konke oku kubonakala kwi-BAS-isiqabu.

amachibi Famous amaRoma neetempile ezizodwa

Neebhate Caracalla kuqhubeka uluhlu lwe obukhulu izakhiwo yamaRoma. Phi igama? Caracalla - isiteketiso of Marcus Aurelius, owayephila ngenkulungwane III. bath yamaRoma - lilizwe ezizodwa, apho elite yoluntu ububele, inxaxheba kwezemidlalo, abekuhambisa mpikiswano ngokwasengqondweni, ukuba ukugqiba izivumelwano. Ukulandelwa iindonga komdlalo kunye womgca yenziweyo ukusuka iintlobo best nezemarmore, yonke kwakukho imifanekiso, kuquka nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo Apollona Belvederskogo.

kwindawo yesixhenxe kuluhlu "Iziseko bobugcisa eRoma yamandulo" ithatha ukwakhiwa yeetempile ezimbini loqwalaselo ezahlukeneyo - uxande ngeenxa zonke. Ezi iitempile zakhiwa imbeko Portunus (mazibuko umxhasi) Hercules. Bona zibekwe phezu kodonga lasekhohlo iTiber, kuloo ndawo apho kusetyenziswa YamaSilamsi iinqanawa.

Yamangcwaba kunye mangcwaba

Phantsi inani lwesibhozo nguMhlaba Mars - inxalenye-bank lasekhohlo eRoma. Emva kwakhe ibonakala Umakhi of Hadrian - lesikhumbuzo zokwakha, engcwabeni asebukhosini. On isikwere esine kwicala ezilingana neemitha ezingama-84, useko ekhwele njengesilinda sangqa kweemitha 64 kwaye songeza koMlawuli umfanekiso umfanekiselo Sun, a quadriga yolawulo (team of amahashe 4). Ngesivumelwano ukuba isakhiwo enkulu kuye, ekungasetyenzwanga msebenzi ngazo, iye yaba yinto qhinga.

I zokugqibela kuluhlu lwe obukhulu ibalulekileyo yokwakha uBukhosi baseRoma na mangcwaba abadumileyo. Oku izakhiwo womnatha (abangama-60) uqhagamshele omnye komnye kwaye ukungcwatywa (amangcwaba malunga 750,000), ubude iyonke km 170. Inkoliso yabo ihamba ecaleni Apiyo Way.

yobuciko i East

I enkulu izakhiwo zokwakha zehlabathi ofanele yongeza elinye lesikhumbuzo wamazwi. Oku Great Wall of China, apho ubude ukusuka kolunye udini, uye kolunye udini lwalo ulingana leekhilomitha 21196. Wakha yesihlanu (nje nesigidi) wenani labemi kwi BC kwinkulungwane III, oko Iqinisekile ngokucacileyo imida karhulumente wenza China soyiswe. It is a lesikhumbuzo elikhethekileyo kudala. A pagodas kunye dha yoonongendi of India? Kwakhona amangcwaba bamandulo.

I-GEMS zokuqala Russian bokwakha

Konke oku kungentla, kwakunye nezakhiwo of Russia yamandulo, ibhekisela ilifa ebalaseleyo ehlabathini. Kuphela impucuko yethu kuthelekiswa namanye usemncane. Eyona indala kwilizwe lethu uthathwa ukuba sesakhiwo Novgorod, Pskov, naseKiev, abathi 989 ngonyaka 996 Izishumi zakhiwe ibandla, kutshatyalaliswa Batu.

Khondo yamandulo ngemilinganiselo bethu lesikhumbuzo yokuyilwa ngobugcisa kwayo Kievan Rus 'lo yoTshintsho Cathedral e Chernigov, kakuhle alondolozwe kwaye ngoku ke St. Sophia Cathedral e Kiev. Xa intliziyo izakhiwo cross-mlilo yokuqala kusoloko kubeka umnqamlezo, kodwa watshata lwale itempile. Ezi iicawa uhlobo ezingundoqo izakhiwo zamandulo zonqulo eRashiya.

iinkosi aseByzantium nenzala yabo

Neetempile ilitye lokuqala wakha kulala iinkosi Byzantine. izakhiwo zenkolo Russian asiphinde ngokwakha ungaveli baseByzantium. iicawa zethu lubonakala ngokuba ubuntu eliqaqambileyo. Yaroslav Mudry, yaye uxakeke kwisakhiwo esikhulu. Yena abaxhalabileyo malunga nento yokuba lizwe iye nje yamkela unqulo entsha, ndandifuna ukuseka ukwakhiwa yayo ezukileyo zetempile. Le inkulu, ngokuba akukho analogue kwi ixesha naphi na, nkqu yoBukhosi baseByzantium, waba 5-nefny 13-angqukuva St. Sophia Cathedral e Kiev, ifakwe 1017.

obunje Orthodox

Ilandelwe yi-Sofia icawa ze Novgorod (1045-1050) kunye Polotsk (1060). Ziyacelwa kwakhona kucingelwa ukuba 5-nefnymi, nangona ezininzi iicawa Russian - 3 nefnye. Dome igcine iintsika zangaphakathi - kungoko igama: 4-, 6- nkqu-8-stolpnyj.

Sabamema ngokukodwa yi ngamaGrike waba minyaka 1073-1079 lwakwakhiwa lusekeleke Cathedral le Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Le tempile, eyaziwa ngokuba "Church Enkulu", singezantsi singangumzekelo ukwakhiwa bezakhelo ayencokola kwilizwe liphela. Ezifana izakhiwo angumqondiso njengoko Vydubychi Monastery e Kiev (1070-1081), uMsindisi kwi ezinde ixolo (1113-1125), asisiso uhlobo entsha icawa, njengoko bonke befumana ulwandiso (nartesk) kunye kwizinyuko. Kwimeko ezininzi mandulo iitempile kwevaranda ayikho akazange.

Ekubeni boom zokwakha athunyelwe yi Yaroslav Izazi, zonke iinkosana ezinkulu Ethatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso esebenzayo yasezidolophini. Ukongeza zesikhumbuzo zokwakha, inzala yaqhubeka obukhulu zobugcisa kunye noncwadi. "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" kuqala okhankanywe kunyaka 852.