Engels: labemi, imozulu, imvelo kunye ezinika

Esi sixeko yesibini inkulu kwingingqi Saratov - Engels, laso ubonisa dynamics ezakhayo Qinisa - ine ngembali umdla ezinika. Abahlali zokuhlala bathi isixeko inencasa yayo eyodwa, ukuze aphile kuyo kakuhle kamnandi. Nangona abemi Engels esixeko ufumana eziliqela iingxaki kunye bunzima nasiphi na isixeko Russia.

geography

City Engels, nto leyo elinabantu siya uphando, ibekwe km 7 ukusuka kummandla eyinkunzi - Saratov - kunxweme enye milambo mikhulu Russian - iVolga. isixeko ine indawo ezikwere zeekhilomitha 115. Le yokuhlala ekummandla kumzantsi-mpuma East European Plain, landscape isixeko entofontofo ukuhamba, ngaphandle iincopho ezinkulu imikhombe. Umzi kumgca elunxwemeni le, nto leyo iba ukuphakama ngobulali ukuya ezantsi. Ukuphakama iziimitha ezili-15 ukusuka elunxwemeni ukuya kwindawo liphezulu wasezantsi neemitha ezingama-40.

Indawo zokuhlala - kumzantsi-mpuma European Russia, kummandla Lower iVolga. Umgama ukusuka eyinkunzi ukuya Engels na km 870. Intsimi umzi Kudala kwaziwa zokulondoloza imvelo. Nazi ezinye izinto ezigcina amanzi aphantsi komhlaba yendalo ebonakalayo. Impumelelo kuphuhliso sesixeko usoloko enikwa umgama lwezixhobo zamanzi enamandla nezothutho - iVolga. Ngokusebenzisa lo mfula kweso sixeko wabaleka iindlela zorhwebo ezininzi, nto leyo kuba nempembelelo entle inani Engels labemi. Namhlanje, into engundoqo nozinzo sixeko isondele kummandla lwenkunzi - Saratov.

sezulu

Uqhekekile umzi ibekwe kwindawo zokumodareyitha imozulu lizwekazi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu Engels has a nehlobo elishushu, nokuba eshushu, kwaye maxa wambi owomileyo ebusika obubandayo kakhulu. Zonyaka in kubi. Imozulu idla efudumeleyo ehlotyeni, inyanga angasisichenge - Julayi, xa umlinganiselo wobushushu malunga-22 degrees Celsius, ithemometha kudla lisingisa manharhu 40. Ubusika kubanda kakhulu, kodwa kuneqabaka kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhlala ngaphantsi kweveki - ezimbini. Le nyanga abanda - January, xa iqondo lobushushu ekummandla lemivo -10, kodwa kusenokubakho kuneqabaka ukuya degrees -20-25.

Lokuzikisa Engels ngokwaneleyo, umlinganiselo iintsuku 12-15 kunye imvula ngenyanga. Le nyanga lawona - Epreli, ezinemvula - August. Spring luphawulwa fogs rhoqo, ngokokuqhelekileyo off-lonyaka buphele, malunga inyanga, ngomhla elishumi yokugqibela Matshi ukuya minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela ka-Aprili. Engels ihlobo elide, nto leyo abuna- ukukholisa abantu balapha, it ihlala ukusuka ekupheleni kuka-Epreli ukuya ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Ebusika kakhulu ngekhephu kunye kakhulu elide. cover ikhephu idla efakwe ekupheleni kukaNovemba. Engels city sezulu kakhulu ukhululekile ukuba abahlali, yaye oku esinye isizathu sokuba umtsalane zokuhlala.

eziphilayo

Ekuqaleni, Engels waba zone ephephile eziphilayo. Iintili ezingqongileyo, amahlathi kunye namasimi nokudala umoya elungele ebomini. Kumaxesha yiSoviet, kumashishini amakhulu kwimizi kwakhiwa "Khimvolokno" kleyzavod, kuba imveliso yezityalo nenayiloni. Yokuba imvelaphi eziphilayo pretty ibhuqiwe esixekweni. Kodwa amaxesha ngokutsha phantse zonke ezi imveliso ziye zavalwa yaye namhlanje Engels, ogama kwabemi engasekho sikhalazela umoya ongcolileyo, kuba ngumzi uphephile ngokwemiqathango ngemvelo.

Engels njengendawo yokuhlala

City - oku yimekobume ophilayo ethile. The degree of intuthuzelo nethandwa kudala imiqathango sokukhula okanye ukunciphisa inani zabemi. Engels, laso likhula ngokuthe ngcembe, inemisebenzi. Ngoko ke, lo kufuphi Saratov - elikomkhulu yephondo - kuvumela isixeko ukusebenzisa uninzi iziseko zawo, ezifana namaziko evenkileni kunye nokuzonwabisa, ezempilo kunye nemfundo. Cities interrelate iibhulorho iVolga amathathu kwaye inani elikhulu iindlela zokuhamba.

Konke oku kwenza le lali ekhethekileyo: luhlanganisa -ngomtsalane igumbi le lali kunye ngaxeshanye inika onke amathuba zonke sixeko. abahlali Engels ukusebenza rhoqo kwaye bafunde e Saratov, ukufika edolophini yabo wokuhlwa ngeempelaveki. Nangona lali inani elaneleyo ziindawo zengqesho kunye nemfundo. Isibakala sokuba abahlali na ubunzima ekufumaneni zonke iimpahla ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkonzo, ukhuseleko loluntu yabantu ochaphazelekayo nayo. Engels waziwa kakuhle enkulu zigcinwe ngenxa yobukhulu balo encinane ikuvumela ukuba ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza iingxaki. Ngaba isixeko izowuni yexesha i "Moscow Ixesha", kunye ne-lizwe lonke saliwe yi lenguqu ukuya kwixesha onyaka.

Engels kwindawo zithokombisile isibonelelo sezothutho edibanisa namadlelo kweli ziko, izithuthi zikawonke buzinze ecaleni esitratweni Thalmann kwi abaseleyo iiteksi yokuhamba kunye iitroli, kodwa amaxesha yomsebenzi wabo kunokuba ephantsi. Ke kuzo zonke iindawo unako ukufikelela ngeenyawo, nto leyo maxa wambi umsebenzi onzima, kuba Engels wolula ecaleni unxweme. Uncedo ukuqina kwalo mzi ukungabikho phantse epheleleyo kwemikrozo yeemoto.

Ngokusemthethweni isixeko yahlulwe kwizithili ezintandathu: Central, iVolga, ukubangwa, konxweme, kunye ilali Plodosovhoz Awakening. Izithili ziyahluka kwi elithile zokuphila, ngokutsho ukufikeleleka kunye nokhuseleko zothutho. yesithili nganye ubuncinane enye esikolweni sabaqalayo, ilali sibonisa inani elikhulu spaces eluhlaza.

Population Engels: ubungakanani kunye okuhambisa

Kwiqula-ntle umzi, kwezentlalo ziqikelela lokonyuka nozinzo inani abemi balo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inani labemi Engels kaThixo malunga amabini anamanci mabini amawaka abantu. Kokuma Dynamics inani abahlali sele kuqhutywa ukususela 1897, xa kwakukho abantu abamalunga nama-20 amawaka. Ukususela ngoko, ababini kuphela amanani zibonise ukuhla kwenani labahlali ngo-2003 no-2009. Ezinye isixeko likhula ngokuthe ngcembe, ebonisa ukuba iimeko zokuphila kukho ezamkelekileyo kakhulu.

Engels wadala iimeko obutofotofo ubomi kwaye kusoloko kukho iindawo ezintsha ukusebenza. Employment Centre (Engels) simisela ukuba izinga lentswela-ngqesho phakathi komzi igcinwa ngamaxabiso aphantsi kwe-avareji kazwelonke. Kumaxesha Soviet, umhlali avareji yokukhula yaba 3-4% ngonyaka ngamnye. Xa inani litsha, wawa kwi-0.5%. Kwaye namhlanje ubukhula kwakhona, kwaye umlinganiselo 1.7-2%. Izazi kulindeleke ukuba agcine isantya sokukhula , nkqu ukunyuka encinane zabo, nto kwiminyaka embalwa ukuya kwinani elipheleleyo 230 amawaka abantu. Ukuxinana abantu ngumlinganiselo (abantu 2075 square kilometre nganye), nto leyo nayo ukhululekile ukuhlala.

Ukubunjwa labantu

ukhuseleko loluntu labemi (Engels) gqolo iliso ukwakhiwa yabemi balo mzi. izifundo zabo zibonisa ukuba abafazi ngabona. Kuyinto ekhaya amadoda 98.800 nabafazi malunga 122 lamawaka. Age iimpawu esiXekweni kunokunxulunyaniswa nendawo zokuhlala abatsha kunye nokukhula, malunga nekota yabantu bobabo i "ukusebenza-ubudala" didi.

Inani labantwana Ndazalelwa kwisixeko ukhula. Noko ke, ulwando endalo labemi kwi mzi kwinqanaba ezimbi (-1.7 1,000 nganye), ngoko ke Dynamics ukukhula kuqinisekiswa abafudukayo, onombolo yakhe luyanda minyaka yonke. Ukwakheka nobuhlanga Engels na ngokwaneleyo iyunifomu. Malunga ne-80% yabemi - kuba Russian. Owesibini Inombolo ubuhlanga - Tatar (3%), ilandelwe yi Ukrainian (2.5%), Kazakhs (1%), isiArmenia, Azerbaijani nabanye.

labantu Employment Engels

lokusweleka Low nangoku musa akuthethi ingqesho epheleleyo abahlali Engels. Inani labemi esebenza kakhulu ezifunwayo amashishini amakhulu mveliso kunye zokuhlaliswa inkulu isiseko umoya ehlabathini. Zinika ukusebenza abantu ubukhulu becala eyindoda, kubafazi ukufumana umsebenzi imvula kunokuba nzima. Inani inkulu abangasebenziyo ngamabhinqa ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya 55 kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu lemfundo. Yenzelwe ukuba ukuphelisa ngqesho Employment Centre (Engels). Imisebenzi eyenziwa apha, ahlobene kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo ugcwalisa izihlalo kwi amashishini mveliso kunye neenkampani nkonzo.

Iingxaki abemi abaninzi beso sixeko

Engels, phezu kwazo nje iimeko zokuphila kahle, kukho inani iingxaki nzima ubomi bebonke. Ezi ziquka ukungaphangeli, imeko mthetho kukuba iveza kwezinye iindawo esixekweni, inqanaba elisezantsi kakhulu yemivuzo. Ngokunxulumene kwanda koluntu kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye kabukhali kukho ingxaki eziguqulweyo yokhuseleko: Abantwana abaninzi kuzo zonke ezifanelekileyo kuphela iminyaka 4. Noko ke, ezi ngxaki yinqobo kubemi lonke eli lizwe, ngoko kulo mzekelo engelsity kuphila kwakunye kurhulumente lonke. Engels iziko encinane shopping (ababini kuphela), kunye nokuzonwabisa iindawo, le ngxaki ngokulula elisombulula uhambo ukuya Saratov, kodwa kukho ucinge ukuba abantu isixeko badla nanto yakwenza.

History of the dolophu

Ngokusesikweni, umzi ngoku elibizwa igama Engels, kwabonakala ngo-1747. Emva koko kwamiselwa lodwa karhulumente kwimveliso ityuwa lubiza kakhulu kwaye ngobuchule imveliso ebalulekileyo. Kule nkalo, i-koMlawuli umthetho 'phambi Saratov "ukubeka entsha yokuhlala, nto leyo iya kuhlala kunye soledobytchiki. Ekuqaleni, kwabonakala njengenqaba elimgcinayo ummandla mbuya, ngokuthe ngcembe le dolophu wakhula zibe nozinzo.

Le dolophu batshintsha amagama eziliqela. Ekuqaleni kwathiwa Pokrovskaya Sloboda imbeko kwiCawa yokuqala oqingqiweyo ka kuMoses, lo Virgin. kamva indlu wayitshisa phantsi; kodwa igama ezintendeni. Ngowe-1854, i-kaloliwe yayakhelwe le ndawo, kuba negalelo ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kuMoses Sloboda. Ngokuthe ngcembe, iba ngasempumalanga kwemarike inkulu iVolga. Ngowe-1914, le ndawo wafumana iwonga dolophu waza waba Pokrovsky.

Kwadlula Settlement izihlandlo eziliqela ukusuka kwiphondo Saratov e Samara yaye emva ngowe-1919 kweso sixeko ekugqibeleni waba lilungu kummandla Saratov. Ngowe-1930, kufutshane Pokrovsky waqala ukwakha isiseko umoya apha moya zomkhosi yakhiwa, waququzelela isikolo ehlotyeni, elisuke laba enye intle kweli lizwe. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwinkampu yasemkhosini yokuhlala evaliweyo, ubukho yayo yaba nempembelelo enamandla entle kuphuhliso mzi.

Ngowe-1931 yokuhlala kwakhona igama, eli xesha wafumana igama sobulumko Friedrich Engels, ngubani wayehlonelwa kakhulu urhulumente omtsha Soviet. Ngelo xesha, uluntu kummandla Engels, Saratov likhula ngamandla, lo mzi ngenxa kukwanda kweefektri ifumana amashishini amakhulu kwimizi-mveliso, nto leyo inegalelo kuphuhliso lwayo.

Ukuwa eSoviet Union kangangexesha lancipha phantsi ukukhula kweendawo zokuhlala, kodwa ngokukhawuleza Engels akwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezintsha, oku kuye kwamnceda ukuba iyantluko amashishini mveliso. Ngowe-1996, ngenxa-zimvo kwakukho ubunye esixekweni kunye nesithili Engels. Namhlanje, Engels - stably ekuphuhliseni amatyotyombe, leyo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, uye ubuso bayo kunye ibali umdla.

Engels umnotho

Into yokuba inani labantu Engels esixeko olukhulayo, wachaza into yokuba ityala kakuhle uqoqosho eziphuhlileyo. Namhlanje kwisixeko kwezityalo alithoba amakhulu ezisebenza ngempumelelo:

- "Bosh Saratov" (mveliso owayesakuba yintlantsi iiplagi izithuthi) namhlanje uvelisa yintlantsi iiplagi ze iimoto, kwaye ikwaquka zityalo kwimveliso radiators kunye nezixhobo namandla.

- "Signal", ukuvelisa Aviapribor kunye negesi nezixhobo.

- "Henkel", iingcali ekuveliseni iisepha zokwenziwa.

- "Stankovita" luvelisa machines kushishino nefanitshala le.

- Works Tube.

- Brickyard.

- Ubisi kunye nesonka mveliso.

- "Khimvolokno".

- sebhasi Plant.

Kwakhona apha basebenza, kunye namanye amashishini ezininzi: lokuvelisa kunye nenkonzo. igalelo elikhulu kuqoqosho mmandla yenza isiseko umoya, nto leyo usebenzisa inani elikhulu abahlali kunye isixeko kutsala iingcali abaselula kunye neentsapho zabo. Ngaphezu koko, Engels unako ukufumana imfundo kwi iiyunivesithi ezimbini: i-Institute kwezobugcisa kunye co Institute - okanye amaziko amathathu-aphakamileyo.

izinto

Engels - isixeko kunye nembali ngokwanelisayo elide, ngoko kukho into ukuze ubone. Umgqaliso imyuziyam imbali, apho ubona i ifoto yesixeko endala kunye nabahlali yayo idumileyo. Zonke ukutyelela umzi qiniseka ukuba uze kubona oyiNgcwele Emnye Church kwakhiwa 1818. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Local ziquka Operetta Theatre, igalari, imyuziyam-ndlu Kassil. Umoya bamaxesha akudala enokuphathwa ngexesha nokuhamba ezitalatweni kunye ehlola izakhiwo elidlulileyo, ingakumbi indlu Petrov kwenkulungwane yama-20. Inani labemi wesixeko Engels uyazingca yokuba kufutshane kokufika kwenzeka emva moya uYuri Gagarin kaThixo odumileyo emajukujukwini. Apha yamisa isakhiwo yesikhumbuzo kwaye imibhiyozo ingxolo zibanjwa rhoqo ngonyaka kuphawula uSuku Astronautics.