Ena mlilo Sheveluch: Ulwazi Basic

Shiveluch ke yomntla mlilo e eKamchatka, yaye omnye ngobukhulu lizwe. Sangqa nomzantsi walo oziikhilomitha amahlanu. It iqulathe ngathi of iinxalenye ezimbini - Old kunye Shiveluch Young.

Imilinganiso yalo mlilo endala

Old ena mlilo Shiveluch i stratovolcano. Yena siphindwe izinto erhabaxa-olungisiweyo, leyo interbedded kunye mlilo. It Bambeka yemvelo isakhiwo mlilo enobubanzi enkulu ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezilithoba. Kuyo agcinwe kakuhle kakhulu, ukuphakama kwawo yahluka ukusuka amakhulu imitha ukuya kwenye kunye nekhilomitha enesiqingatha kwingingqi kwincopho engundoqo. Xa inkqubo nokubunjwa wayo ukusuka emhlabeni waphoswa phezu iikhilomitha amathandathu cubic izinto pyroclastic eye esizigubungeleyo indawo enkulu kangangoko: yena uza kulala ena River nangaphaya.

Ubukhulu mlilo young

Emazantsi lo mgodi kufuphi ngohlangothi kumntla-ntshona kuwo lo mlilo omncinane Sheveluch. Oku imelwe uphahla ezininzi edidekile extrusive (kabini, Suelich, Central kunye nabanye) kunye udaka minor, okuye andesite kunye andezitodatsitovy kwayo. Ubukhulu be isiseko Ukwakheka yeekhilomitha ezisixhenxe. Ngo-1964 kwakukho ukujaduka mlilo Sheveluch, ngenxa ungadubula enamandla, ezi uphahla zatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo, yaye wentaba omkhulu kabini kwasekwa endaweni yazo. ububanzi balo iikhilomitha 1.7 ukuya emantla kwaye ingande ngeekhilomitha ezili-2 ukuya ezantsi. Kuqhuma waphoswa ezinzulwini umbandela, nto leyo ingubo eqinileyo mayifakwe kwi kwithambeka elingasemzantsi, umthamo wayo - ukusuka imitha enye ukuya mahlanu. Ukufunda phezu amakhulu ezikwere zeekhilomitha, kwaye isixa - isiqingatha sekhilomitha cubic. Ngowe-1980, kumantla umngxuma iye yaba lwesakhiwo esitsha uhlobo extrusive, nto leyo equka andesite. Ukukhula yale mfundo kuyaqhubeka unanamhla. Uphelekwa udubulo ezahlukeneyo amandla. Ikhala Dome kakhulu esebenzayo kwenzeka ngo-1993. Wandula ke wathabatha phantse yonke indawo kuloo mngxuma wasentla.

Imbali ukuvela mlilo

Ngaphandle kokuthintela ngasentla isakhiwo, lo mlilo Sheveluch ekunokuthiwa mlilo iklasi izakhiwo Somma-ntshava. Le Ukwakheka ngesakhiwo likhulu kwalo hlobo. Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso mlilo, zokuma kuthiwa yenzekile ngexesha Upper Pleistocene, malunga asixhenxe amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Iqhuma kakhulu ezibangele kwenzeka emva kwesithuba elikhulu - iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu. Lo wokugqibela kwenzeka ngo-1854 no-1964, oko kukuthi, kweminyaka 110. amandla Medium kunye kwentaba ababuthathaka zenzeka rhoqo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo sikhatshwe ukukhula uphahla extrusive. Oku kwaphawulwa ngalo mzuzu.

ulwazi jikelele: apho mlilo Sheveluch?

Ngokobunzima nomthamo iimveliso igneous frequency kwentaba enamandla rate ukususwa ebonakalayo ukubunjwa yendalo yenye mlilo ena elifana kakhulu Kuriles. Le ntshukumo yento yamandulo zejoloji - omnye ngobukhulu lizwe. Sheveluch ibekwe asibhozo neekhilomitha kumntla Klyuchevskoy. Le ibekwe kwi the ena umlambo, phakathi ndisolulela for inqwaba eekhilomitha nezihlambo, wayifulela imigxobhozo. Ukuba phambi kokuba umzobi ukuba ayiveza ngohlobo ubomi into yendalo kukhubeka bonke, ububi indoda endala, ngoko uhlobo kufuneka athathe Shiveluch. Le yinto enkulu yendalo, kuqulethe zolwakhiwo etsobhileyo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobudala, iintlambo furrowed, yimingxuma kwaye neentsilelo, obe kangangamawaka amaninzi eminyaka, usaqhubeka ukuba qhuma ukujaduka kuthe ezinkulu kumaxesha ngamaxesha, etshabalalisa bonke ubomi.

iindawo ezenza

Emva kokuba ukusekwa cone ephambili mlilo ngenxa lokungaphumeleli kwaye eziqhumayo inxalenye wasezantsi ukuyilwa kwento mgodi enkulu. Ngaphakathi, kwabakho ikhowuni oselula. Kamva kulo mgodi zaseprayimari wavuka omnye mlilo-mgodi. Wonakaliswe yinxalenye cone abatsha. Apha kule ndawo, njengoko kakhulu inobuqhophololo, waqala ukuthatha indawo kuqhuma elandelayo. Emidala lwe cone yamandulo ubizwa ngokuba "incopho engundoqo", oko kukuthi indawo eliphezulu into zomhlaba. A cone abancinane ubizwa ngokuba "phezulu komgodi". Shiveluch height kwindawo liphakamileyo kweemitha 3.335, yaye inxalenye entsha - 2700 eemitha.

Imbali kuqhume

Kuqhuma le ntaba ena Sheveluch Uyadubula. Ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, ukukhutshwa kwenzeka ngo-1925, 1944, 1950, 1964. Lo mlilo wayemfutshane kakhulu, kodwa sinamandla kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba kukho ilifu Iyadubula wavulwa kwi pyatnadtsatikilometrovuyu ukuphakama bafudukela kwicala olwandle. ubukhulu wayo rhoqo Wayixakaxa umbane eliqaqambileyo. Yonke indawo kwimpuma mlilo, ukuya Ust-Kamchatsk nangaphaya, elaqala ebumnyameni. Inani elikhulu kakhulu zamatye shot yaye betekisi kwi kumgama 15 ngeekhilomitha-, oko wambu umhlaba ngodka oluninzi ukuba iindawo ekufikelelwe ezininzi amashumi eemitha. Zonke amatyholo kunye namahlathi ayebhalwa kungcwatywa okanye Bazitshisile zonke izinto eziphilileyo akazange akwazi phambili ukubalekela okanye ukubhabha, babulawa. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iintaka ezininzi kunye nezilwanyana nga phambili indlela neenyikima mlilo: gaqa ngaphandle imingxuma yazo, ziqalisa ukubonisa inkxalabo, efuna ukufumana ngaphandle kwindawo leyo. Ngoko ke, lo ukujaduka bafa lo mlilo Sheveluch kunikelwa iintshukumo yenyikima ngoNovemba 1964, eyaqala inyanga phambi kokuba ukukhutshwa ngokwabo. bonke ngegalelo labo liyanda suku ngalunye. Ke kwiintsuku ezimbini phambi kuqhambuko inani wafikelela ngaphezu kwekhulu ngosuku. aziphatha Njengokuba kakuhle ngexesha izilwanyana?

Amabali bakudala namagqala

Nantsi into umzingeli A. wengingqi Chudinov (ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka elinethoba ubudala). Iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba dubulo liya kutolikwa unomthwalo inguqu enkulu kakhulu engaqhelekanga ukusuka kodonga lasekhohlo lomlambo phezu kodonga lasekunene eKamchatka entilini. Kwaye nangona yokuba ngoNovemba, zonke izilwanyana zisala yasebusika, kodwa ivuso esondelayo intlekele kwanyanzeleka ukuba bashiye ezikhundleni zabo ngobubele omiweyo uye olambileyo nengqele ehlathini ebusika kubo. Ngaxeshanye, elunxwemeni ekunene landa kakhulu inani kwezinye izilwanyana ezifana imivundla, iimpungutye. Kuyabonakala ukuba, baye bafudukela ziphuma Shiveluch.

Nje oyakubandakanyeka ozakuyibona abangaboniyo umsebenzi seismic landa nje ngaphambi kokuqala dubulo. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho amabali kubahlali Keys, ibekwe kakuhle ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, kwabonwa phezu esikhulu, ichibi ice-zagutyungelwa Kurchazhnoe elele kwelinye icala lomlambo, ukuba sele iwupasisile uthotho ngamaza.

Emva kokuba mlilo ngowe-1964 kuphela umsebenzi fumarolic liyasetyenziswa kwi SHEVELUCH. Mlilo ngokwayo e embi, tyelela matutu ezinqabileyo.

th 2014

Ngentsasa ka June 1, 2014 mlilo Sheveluch wenza namandla ash udubulo. ukuphakama yakhe iikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwezisixhenxe. plume Further zaqalisa ukusasaza kwicala mpuma ukuya Kamchatsky bay. Namhlanje, oku izinto zejoloji eyabelwe Code Orange (kuyingozi kakhulu). umsebenzi yayo ukwanda ngo-2009 eli xesha, encotsheni ubunzulu kwakhiwa emfanteni kweemitha ezingama-30. Ngokusekelwe ukwanda ziintshukumo zenyikima, izazinzulu wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ngalo mzuzu kuba "ulungiselela 'enye dubulo enamandla Shiveluch.