Lock eKaliningrad Region: Inkcazelo

Ngenkulungwane ye-13 kwindawo ngoku eKaliningrad kwaye ngingqi ngurhulumente akhiwa leTeutonic Knights. Silwe Knights Omnqamlezo oyisa Prussia ilizwe layo kunye uthungelwano ezingxandeni ephakathi kwaye ukuqhubeka ayakhe iinqaba zabo. ingxabano ekusoloko asebumelwaneni Lithuania kunye Poland kwakhokelela inani iinqaba kunye iinqaba njengelitye, njengoko bekungekho ezinye amazwe ephakathi yaseYurophu.

Total eKaliningrad mmandla itshixa babalwayo izakhiwo ezimalunga nama-40, ngoku inxalenye yazo siyakhuselwa kwaye iguqulelwa imyuziyam kunye kubakhenkethi izibonelelo, oko kwasinika iimfuno zemibutho ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, ikholeji, kwaye nkqu entolongweni), inxalenye kutshatyalaliswa, kwaye kukho abo basinda konke konke.

Balga

enqabeni yawo imvelaphi Balga kwingingqi eKaliningrad linyanzelekile ukuba Prussia, nto leyo nayo apho ke kuloo nqaba ngenkulungwane 5 kwakhiwa kwindawo qhinga - kunxweme ye-Gulf. Wooden inqaba King of Prussia Widewuto wavumela imbono elungileyo yonke bay. Yiyo le luphawu sele wakhanga Teutons. Ngenkulungwane ye-13, balwa ixesha elide kunye iinginginya esi sakhiwo ebalulekileyo. kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kokoyiswa iNkosi Ozukileyo Order leTeutonic wayalela ukuba yakhiwe kwi kwindawo elenziwe ngamaplanga, hayi nje enqabeni elivuthayo, ukwakhiwa entsha ezenziwe ngamatye.

Kwaba nje inqaba. Ukuma yokuqala isakhiwo omkhulu ye Convent, eyakhiwe ngezitena kunye yasendle ngamatye.

Noko ke, nkqu ukwakhiwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu akwenziwanga wasindisa ixesha. Balga udlule isandla iintlobo yabanini, yaye ngenkulungwane ye-16, le nqaba ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukuba maxongo. Kube negalelo koku kwaye Swedish War, ngexesha apho enqabeni yayisetyenziswa njenge ziko lomkhosi. Emva koko, i lock owenza indima yokutyela, nkqu indima iinqanawa. Ingongoma sokugqibela kwimbali yawo yanikelwa nguKumkani Frederick lokuqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18. Waqalisa ukwakha Pilau enqabeni yomkhosi, litye ukwakhiwa oye luhlelwe ndiwuthabathile iindonga Balga.

iinzame avuselele abathanda uzuko yangaphambili bazamela kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20. Abakhenkethi kwi eKaliningrad nezitshixo mmandla, kuqukwa Balga ingcaciso umdla imyuziyam engingqi malunga ngembali leTeutonic Knights, kodwa ekugqibeleni elinye lajika inqaba ngamanxuwa. Iziqhushumbisi ze-45 ngokoqobo bengashiyanga litye phezu kwelinye.

Ngaphandle koku, Balga nangoku ke utsala abakhenkethi, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa amanxuwa ayo, zingaphi ubutyebi, ahlala kumazwe ngeenxa zonke. Ezi ndawo ke ngokoqobo enyakazelayo kunye ekonookrwece nengqushu ukusuka Second World War, ezitsala uphendlo abathandi ubutyebi. Xa imozulu elungileyo kuyatshisa apha limnandi kakhulu - amanxuwa, ezilahlekileyo phakathi eminyaka ubudala ompayina imibono Gulf of Riga ukwenza le ndawo elihle kakhulu.

Abo banqwenela ukuya ndincome ngamaqhekeza emhadini kunye isiseko Balga kufuneka uye kwisikhululo New Znamenka, nto leyo ifumaneka phakathi iindawo Mamonovo kunye Ladushki. Noko ke, ukususela kwisikhululo enqabeni yomkhosi kangangoko kweekhilomitha ezi-5, ngoko kungcono ukuya apho ngemoto.

Castle Georgenburg

ummandla eKaliningrad has ezingama-amathathu nqaba kakuhle igcinwe. Omnye wabo - Georgenburg. Sikhoyo kwi kummandla Chernichovsky mihla kwaye utsala abakhenkethi hayi kuphela ukhenketho zayo, kodwa ke stud igama elifanayo, abanegama ehlabathini lonke.

Le nqaba yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-13, ngaphezulu kanye kweli xesha zakhiwa iinqaba kuqala. Kwinkulungwane kamva, bona bakha inqaba yokuqala ngamaplanga, yaye kamva ngamatye. Kule minyaka i Georgenburg ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi nasekuxinweni, intshabalalo yi-Lithuanians, nangezinto, balwa. Kule mihla lizama kakulu, kodwa ke ingxaki ka-1997 akavumelekanga ukuba baqhubeke ukusebenza kunye kangangexesha elide, enqabeni waba ukuhla. Namhlanje, kuba ephethwe yi-ROC kunye kokuhlaselwa.

Brandenburg

Brandenburg Inqaba kummandla eKaliningrad, kodwa kunoko, kumabhodlo yayo kutyelelwa kwilali Ushakovo (leyo phambi Patriotic Omkhulu ayenxiba igama elinye enqabeni yomkhosi). Brandenburg yakhiwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-13, indawo qhinga ezikhethekileyo - on nezibuko lomlambo iinqanawa evulayo amasango kumazwe enzulu Prussia. Brandenburg iye yaba yenye nodes ibalulekileyo uthungelwano iinqaba leTeutonic, edibanisa Balga kunye Königsberg. Apha zigcinwa loo ndawo yonqulo inkulu Order - lomnqamlezo uYesu obebethelelwe emnqamlezweni.

I-Second World War wabatshabalalisa Brandenburg, kwakunye nezinye iinqaba ezininzi kummandla Kaliningrad. Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe lasinda iphiko ehostele yaququzelelwa ngenxa abasuka eSoviet Union, Noko ke, le nqaba yawa azisalungiseki yaye kungekudala ukuya ku-2013 yaba yayisecicini yokutshabalala. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iye ekugqibeleni kukhokelele nokubuyiselwa kwaye libandakanyeka amavolontiya.

Waldau

Sivala kummandla eKaliningrad ukuba becala izinto zokweyelisela, kodwa Waldau Castle - enye izakhiwo kakuhle abalondolozwa Prussia kummandla Kaliningrad. Le nqaba ise kwilali Lower lufikelela kufuphi eKaliningrad, ukufika kuyo ngebhasi.

Igama Castle likaThixo livela kwi Slavic "valdati" elithetha "umnikazi", noboya bokuqala kubanini bayo phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-13 Ngabo aba ke abathetheli Prussia, esalinikwayo Teutons Inqaba e nombulelo ngenxa yenkonzo yakhe uMyalelo. Okunye ngqo, oko wasiwa iyelenqe ilizwe, apho lwakwakhiwa inqaba. Idla wakhonza zokusabela ukuba Knights uMyalelo nakubabingeleli, lowo waya kula mazwe.

Ngenkulungwane ye-15 eli bhotwe kwakhona enqabeni, yaye isimo sakhe wavuka. Waldau waba kuyo ehlobo iNkosi yoMyalelo. Le nqaba idume yokuba wathabatha uPetros Omkhulu ngo-1697.

Ngenkulungwane ye-18 oko kwakufuneka kurhulumente Prussia, waqeshisa yayo akhademi lwezolimo. Eli ziko wathabatha iindonga nqaba de-2007. Kwimbali yale mihla, iphiko nabo bakhonza njengendawo yokulala malunga nesikolo, leyo kamva similise esikolweni ngenkulungwane-2,5. Uguqulo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo, kwelinye icala, ukuba ukugcina imboniselo kwintshabalalo, kwelinye icala, phantse ubuso efihlwe Order of enqabeni yomkhosi, kodwa lungu yayo zobunene yamandulo zangaphambili ngokutsha kunye nokubuyiselwa. Okunye okunika umdla kukuba i Waldau walondoloza izisele yantlandlolo kumaxesha, abangancedekanga igcinwe ezinye izitshixo ezifanayo kummandla Kaliningrad.

Amafoto ukuvumela ukuba ukuqikelela ubuhle Ngemihla yakudala nezakhiwo, kodwa kungcono ukubona kudla ubomi ngayo, ngakumbi ke kuba ukongeza iindonga zesikolo Waldau apho kwaye imyuziyam. Yi isikhumbuzo 750th nqaba (leyo ibhiyozelwa ngendlela enkulu ngo-2014), ezi myuziyam ebalungisele isipho abakhenkethi kunye nabathandi yamandulo - ngaphambili bashiya sakhiwo acoca aza avuleka ukuba ukubukela, kwakunye zazishenxisiwe kakuhle ephakathi.

imiboniso abasisigxina ukuvumela ukuba uqhelane nezi ziphumo zakudala kwi ummandla enqabeni, kunye imbali Prussia, i-Order leTeutonic kunye nqaba ngokwayo. Kwakhona, le myuziyam ubalisa ibali ngendlela ekwakhiweni behlabathi abachaphazelekayo iimfazwe Napoleonic.

Kenigsberg

Xa eKaliningrad esitratweni Shevchenko, Building 2 kukho amabhodlo omnye zakhe ezinde kakhulu umdla, Russia nje kuphela kodwa lonke Europe. Le nqaba Königsberg, owasinikayo igama nobomi Kaliningrad yanamhlanje. Ekuqaleni, kwilali igama elifanayo ngakule nqaba wakhula kwidolophu encinane, yaye kamva yaba isixeko esikhulu. Kwaye emanxuweni nqaba utsala abakhenkethi hayi kuphela lilidala kunye nemiboniso olondolozo lwembali umdla, kodwa i aura imfihlelo, ngenxa yokuba, ngokutsho Abembi bezinto zakudala, kwindawo ethile kungcwatywa apha twisisaka Room Amber.

Königsberg Castle yakhiwa leTeutonic Knights ngenkulungwane ye-13, wathi kamva waya ekuthinjweni Prussia, yaphinda yakhiwa kukumkani, ngoko konke ababenako abasemagunyeni German. Imbali ende nqaba makhe ngokusebenzisa ezininzi iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zembali. Ngoko ke, oko isithsaba abalawuli Prussia, bamthabatha uPetros Omkhulu kunye nabalawuli Russian kunye uNapoleon. Kubanjelwa enqabeni, kunye nezinye festive iziganeko, iminyhadala, imiboniso kunye neempahla.

I-Second World War kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo enqabeni yaye amabhodlo zayekwa phambi 1993. Kuphela kule xesha, Russian Academy of Sciences ngenkxaso kwenxalenye zemali iJamani egcinwe kummandla Königsberg zamaqula ukuba bafune Room Amber. Enye inguqulelo nokulahleka kwakhe - wangcwatyelwa ngaphantsi emanxuweni nqaba inciphisiwe. Izinto ezembiwayo kwaqhubeka de-2007, kodwa akazange ndiyifeze, ngumkhenkce iprojekthi okwethutyana. I-Room Amber awuzange yafunyanwa, kodwa wemba inani elikhulu nezinye iimpawu zembali. Oku kunye nezinto zendlu evela zaphawula ezahlukeneyo, kuqalwa ulwakhiwo enqabeni ngenkulungwane ye-14, yaye izinto bobugcisa nqaba (ezininzi ngoku kuboniswa kwi kumboniso evulekileyo Koenigsberg museum), yaye nokuba iziphumo umdla njengoko imigudu emfihlekweni komhlaba.

Namhlanje Kenigsberg - yinto imyuziyam, ekuthiwa "Ucinga 'ukuba sesichengeni unique yaphandle. Njalo apha neempahla, nto leyo iya kuququzelela kuvuselelwa yokulwa knightly. Abakhenkethi ungazama ukuba kahle izixhobo kumaxesha, athenge njengezikhumbuzo kunye amagcisa banandiphe ephatha ezizodwa.

Nesselbeck

Le nqaba kuthiwa esebenzayo kuphela kummandla Kaliningrad. Enyanisweni Nesselbeck - oku woxande olude oyinyaniso, le ihotele kunye restaurant isakhiwo mihla, nto leyo ke, recreates ngokuchanileyo inkangeleko woxande olude lokwenyaniso leTeutonic. Zibonisa imyuziyam oxelela imbali yoMyalelo, kwakunye nokubane ingcaciso enikelwe nxaniso ephakathi. Ngenxa yoko, Nesselbeck kunokuba ukhetho elisemagqabini uhambo kubakhenkethi ku eKaliningrad - uhlolo iinqaba ezizizo enengqondo ukuqhubeka ukubetha kwakhona umoya ephakathi. Le ehotele ibekwe kwilali Orlovka (kummandla Kaliningrad). Le nqaba inika indawo kwakunye izimemo yokutyela, utshwala nendawo.