I-enzayim lusicande iiprothini. Zeziphi iiproteni imisebenzi?

Xa abantu, i protein ubuninzi ezifanelekileyo imfuno wemvelo ukuze imisebenzi yayo yesiqhelo. Eli candelo kuqinisekisa ukukhula ngokupheleleyo zonke iiseli zomzimba ngenxa yokuba iqulathe isixa elaneleyo asidi kubalulekile acid. Iproteni idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-phindana RNA ne-DNA iimolekyuli. Yiyiphi imisebenzi lwenziwa yi iiproteni umzimba? Zeziphi enzayim anoxanduva ukuthotywa kwabo? Ngale mibuzo neminye uya kufumana iimpendulo kwinqaku.

Yintoni protein

Iiproteni aba bantu babalulekileyo izinto zesondlo eziqulathwe ekutyeni ezahlukeneyo. A protein ezahlukeneyo amayeza kuthiwa protini. Eli binzana aqheleka kakhulu kwiziphakamiso kumagqirha abanamava.

Indima edlalwe yi iiproteni emzimbeni womntu

Iproteni kubaluleke gqitha ukuba sihlale izihlunu umthamo emzimbeni womntu. Kwakhona kuza kuba luncedo kwimeko yokubuyiselwa iziza zeethishu yonakele, nto leyo ke kaninzi kwenzeka ngexesha ukugruzuka enzima okanye frostbite kunye nokutsha. Protein kwakhona alwa ekubeni imeko esempilweni kweenwele okanye izikhonkwane.

Ngokuba imisebenzi elungileyo kwaye uzinzile le protini amajoni omzimba nguwe kanye ufunwayo.

Yintoni umsebenzi omkhulu protein

Ngoko ke, yintoni imisebenzi yenziwa yi iiproteni umzimba? Le ilandelayo kungathiwa:

• umsebenzi zokuphosa - usebenzisa kube lula ukulawula lwenzeke kwiinkqubo ngokobugcisa ikhemikali yokusabela ethile;
• umsebenzi izithuthi - ukutshintshwa onke amalungu kunye nezihlunu ioksijini eziyimfuneko kubo;
• zikhusela isekelwe kwinto yokuba kwiproteni egazini uyabaleka ihlwili, ekhusela umzimba womntu yokozela ilahleko igazi kwimeko yokwenzakala kunokwenzeka;
• umsebenzi contractile inoxanduva ukuncitshiswa izihlunu zomzimba kunye nxaxheba ngqo iiproteni actin kunye myosin;
• umsebenzi Isakhiwo iqinisekisa ukubunjwa iiseli Biomembrane;
• umsebenzi hormone uqhuba ukwahlukana eyiyo kwezondlo ngokwequmrhu usebenzisa hormone;
• umsebenzi yesondlo ivumela usebenzisa imali ilungelo calories leeprothini ubomi babantu, yaye loo nto inika ithuba lokuba afumane amandla eziyimfuneko amandla.

Ukubeka protein kakhulu ziphele

Abantu bamatasa kwezinye uhlobo ezemidlalo, kucetyiswa ngamandla ngoogqirha babo kunye nabaqeqeshi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukutya ukutya iqulethe iproteni ngokwaneleyo. Kwi-avareji, njengoko uphando ngoogqirha Iimbaleki kufuneka protein ukususela grams-2 ukuya kwemi-3 1 ikhilogramu omzimba ngalinye.

Yintoni eziqulathe kakhulu kwi isakhiwo protini zokutya

Uninzi kwiproteni equlethwe soy - 100 grams ye-akhawunti yemveliso nganye kuba malunga nama-34 iigrem protini. Xa sithatha umzekelo ezinye iimveliso, eziqikelelwa imixholo yawo zinokwahluka eziphathekayo. Iimveliso inqununu ukuba abe iiprothini ngokwaneleyo, ezizezi:

• Cheese - ukusuka kwi-14 ukuya ku-20 grams 100 grams lemveliso nganye;
• intlanzi - 12 ukuya 16 grams;
• Inyama - ukusuka kwi-14 ukuya ku-20 grams;
• iimbotyi kunye nee-ertyisi - apho nani malunga 20 grams.

Kodwa umzimba ofumana iiprothini isixa esifunekayo, kakhulu ngempumelelo ukuba badle inyama kunye izitya ubisi-based ngakumbi. Inyaniso ukuba ziqulathe epheleleyo acid acid. Kodwa neembotyi okanye ertyisi, ngokunjalo phantse yonke imveliso imvelaphi izityalo thile ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ibe phakathi ngokwaso i iseti engaphelelanga ye asidi acid. Soy, ngokuchaseneyo kuzo zonke ezinye izityalo, nanga ezimbalwa ziphumelele. A protein equlethe okukuwo, iimpawu Osenyangweni-grade. Emva kwiproteni ye-soy nayo kwembumba ekwanti.

Zintoni iziphumo ezibi kwaye ingadala yokunqongophala ngokugqithiseleyo leeprothini emzimbeni

Ukuba umzimba ayegcwele protini inokuba bokugcinwa ikukunyasha kwesibindi, emathunjini amancinci nepancreas. Kwakhona, le ngxaki liyakwazi ukuba nefuthe elibi ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo luvo.

Xa agqithisile protein ikwazi ngcembe yande emzimbeni. protein kwemfuneko esibindini kuguqula initrogen glucose ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo ayaboniswa nawo kakubi kakhulu kwi nezintso.

Ezinye enzyme anamathele iiproteni

Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni umgangatho iiproteni umzimba ingagqithi kwimiqathango kuyimfuneko? Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa enzayim ukuyaphula phantsi icandelo. I-enzyme eziziintloko abelwe le "umsebenzi", iquka sucrose, lactose, kunye amylase. Amylase Ratio ngelixa inxalenye enkulu, malunga-90% bebonke isiqulatho into ephilayo. Le enzyme uyazifohloza iiproteni, apho ukhona iiproteni abakhoyo umchiza nokwakhiwa wekhabohayidreyiti zayo ezintsonkothileyo.

Ukuqhekeka iiproteni esiswini

Cleavage kwe kwiproteni esiswini - inkqubo multi-eqongeni. Malunga ne-97% ye iiprotheni, ezithe unenzondelelo cleavage wendele asidi njengoko ezamahala acid ngqo igazi lomntu.

Zesisu iphecana ngenxa nezixhobo ezihamba enzymatic ngokulula lusicande iiproteni ekuthiwa-imixokelelwane peptide le iimolekyuli. Konke oku kuthatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba, yaye kuphela inkqubo yonyulo. Kwimeko loqhawulo omnye acid acid evela kwemolekyuli protein ezenziwa peptide kunye acid acid. Emva koko, ukusuka peptide leyo isisihla ngaphezu kwexesha elinye acid ngomdla, ngoko ke elandelayo. A okufanayo kuthatha okoko nje molecule indawo ngaphandle kwintsalela ngokupheleleyo, abayi lwanamathela acid asidi.

Pepsin: umsebenzi kunye Okwenziwayo

В желудке образуется в результате естественного синтеза профермента пепсиногена пепсин. Pepsin nenjongo yayo iphambili ebantwini, ezinxulumene ukusasazwa eyiyo ukutya kwakunye ukuguquka kwayo okwalandela ibe peptides ezahlukeneyo acid esiswini ukhandwa kuyondelelaniswe zendalo proenzyme pepsinogen pepsin.

Protein njenge imvelaphi yemifuno (ezivela ekusetyenzisweni i-ertyisi, iimbotyi kunye nezinye izityalo) kwakunye inyama, itshizi, ubisi kunye nezinye iimveliso ukuba izilwanyana ezivezwa lula lwanamathela yi pepsin.

Yintoni iimpawu pepsin? Yena i phawu umdla. Into yokuba pepsin uyakwazi ukucima ubisi, uyayiguqulela ibe casein kunye kazeinogen. Ngale ndlela, wayedla zamasi kunye nezinye iimveliso ezenziwe ngokusekelwe ubisi.

Xa iyeza lisetyenziswa pepsin. Inokuyinyanga izifo ezifana isilonda esiswini, gastritis, uhlobo esinganyangekiyo somhlaza isisu. pepsin esebenzayo ngokwaneleyo, umsebenzi nto leyo ngoku ingqalelo, kwaye iingxaki lokugaya. Kule meko isetyenziswa njenge uhlobo therapy replacement.

Ukusebenzisa pepsin (enzayimi uyazifohloza iiproteni) ngaphakathi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo umsebenzi yayo ephezulu imeko asidi. Ukuba asidi esiswini lifinyele, sebenzisa eli chiza aliphumelelanga. Ukuba pepsin e ngokohlobo lomgubo, kufuneka exutywe 100 ml yamanzi okanye zehydrochloric acid (1-3% solution), yaye ukuba ngohlobo amacwecwe, ngoko unyityilikiswa emanzini.

Oogqirha Kucetyiswa pepsin kumaxesha-2 ukuya kwemi-3 ngosuku. Ngaphezu koko, kungakuhle ukuba enze phambi izidlo. Ithamo avareji uvela grams 0.2 ukuya 0.5. Noko ke, umntwana kufuneka lincipha kakhulu - oko kuya kwanela ukuba usebenzise grams 0.1 ukuya 0.08 beziyobisi.

Umntu onesifo gastritis okanye isilonda esiswini, pepsin ukuze kungenelwe akayi kuhamba. Kulo mzekelo ukusetyenziswa kwaso kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo.

Trypsin: i umsebenzi enzyme

Yintoni trypsin? Olu uhlobo olunye enzyme ukuba uyazifohloza iiprothini kunye peptides. Ngaloo isiphathele umsebenzi haydrolisis of esters. Umsebenzi ongundoqo trypsin kukuba oko ngokugqibeleleyo olawula ukusebenza inkqubo yokwetyisa.

Ngayo trypsin izifo ezifana nephika, inyumoniya, sinusitis. Ingasetyenziswa ngenxa ukutsha, phambi amanxeba ezahlukeneyo ubovu nasemva imisebenzi. Xa bamazinyo, xa izifo yokulungiselela ngomlomo nalo iluncedo kakhulu.

side effects ukuze kwenzeka kwimeko trypsin, ezinxulumene ne ifiva. Ukuba trypsin zigcinwe inhalation, kuyaba aphazamiseke aphezulu imifinya phecana sokuphefumla.

Sebenzisa trypsin, umsebenzi yayo kuqwalaselwa kweli nqaku, ekukhethwa ukuba amaxesha akukho ngaphezulu kwe ezimbini ngosuku ukuya 0,01 grams. Abantwana bakhuthazwa ukuba basebenzise 1 ixesha ngosuku, itotali ka-0,0025 grams.

Isilonda emva kokuba unyango kunye utywala okanye ipeyinti eluhlaza nazo buzane trypsin lokubeka ngelaphu. Le ilaphu kufuneka kwi ndawo eyonakeleyo ubuncinane ngosuku. Kule meko, trypsin (enzyme lusicande iiprothini kunye peptides) lisebenza njenge uhlobo zokuzikhusela zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

protease

Protease - i-enzayim, okanye mandithi iqela enzayim afumaneka juice esiswini. Nabo ke, eveliswe pancreas. Ukongeza, i-protease nayo iyafumaneka kwaye emathunjini. Eyona umsebenzi protease - i wokuqhekeka ngempumelelo kwiproteni emzimbeni.

The main proteolytic enzyme pancreatin

Kukho inani enzayim athathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, uze ususe ngempumelelo naziphi na iinkqubo arhabaxa. Kwakhona ziquka pancreatin kwaye nokunciphisa ifuthe elibi uxabana ebantwini kwiimveliso ezithile. Kwakhona yezifo lwangaphakathi zenzeka pancreatin efanelekileyo ukubaphatha kubo okuhle.

Noko ke, abantu abafumana ukuswela enzyme, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ezo amayeza eziqulathe kumafa lwabo enqanda ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Bangakwazi alukwazi zihlelwe ongeziweyo zebhayoloji esebenzayo. Kodwa ke la machiza ngenyameko kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ukuba uthathe ukuthobela periodicity ethile. Kunqweneleka ukuba benze konke oko ngengcebiso elinqatyisiweyo gqirha kuyo ngokungqinelana nemiyalelo yakhe. Yiba yeenzame zazo kule meko ayikho imfuneko. Ngokukodwa, oko kuyingozi kakhulu xa umntu unalo ulwazi oluthile njengengcali yamayeza. Khumbula, self zingangunobangela imeko kuphela nokuqaphela nokungabikho protein enzyme umzimba akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ungenelelo lonyango. Hlala uphilile!