Dodd Act - uFrank: amalungiselelo jikelele, iimfuneko kunye neempawu

Ngo-2011, inkqubo yezimali United States unenzondelelo utshintsho ezinkulu ukususela Great Depression. UMthetho wangena force Dodd - Frank malunga oguqukayo Wall Street kunye Consumer Protection. Ukungena Barack Obama, esi senzo senzelwe ukwandisa elubala inkqubo yezimali. Xa iziko le engile ngeli xesha urhulumente ubeke izilangazelelo berhafu. abantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba amelwe kukuziva ngenxa yobuqhophololo kunye neqhinga-kakuhle emfutshane yolawulo phezulu iinkampani ezahlukeneyo.

imigomo

Umthetho komeleza kweliso yamaziko ezinkulu zemali, imilinganiselo yayo kulingana ngexabiso ekuweni yonke le nkqubo, njengoko kwakunjalo ngexesha lokudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi kutshanje elaqala iingxaki kwenye mali ehamba zehlabathi ngeli yebhanki Lehman Brothers.

imizimba ezintsha

Injongo yale ukusebenza kwaso nasiphi na isakhiwo yorhwebo inzuzo. Kwaye rhoqo lesi sifiso ingahimbiselani umsebenzi oya kuba luncedo kuluntu kunye ngalinye kwelungu ngalinye. Ngoko ke, i Dodd - uFrank ubonelela ngokusekwa bamaziko ezintsha, injongo yayo ukulawula imisebenzi zamaziko zemali ngokucwangcisekileyo ebalulekileyo, ukuncitshiswa ubungozi kunye nokhuselo abahlawuli berhafu. Iinguqu zenziwa kunye namaziko akhoyo. Lifikelela phezu, ingakumbi, i-umzuzwana, i-Federal Reserve kunye Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Kwakhona wadalwa umzimba ezifana Council for Financial Stability yokongamela. umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba ukuchonga imingcipheko ekhoyo, ukufumana iindlela zokunciphisa kubo kunye nokuqaliswa amanyathelo afanelekileyo.

ukudala umsebenzi

Ingqalo amacandelo 15 loMthetho enikelwe ngokupheleleyo nokugcinwa uzinzo kwezemali. UMthetho ukudalwa izidumbu ezimbini ezintsha. I-Ofisi of Financial Research Council for Stability yokongamela. ngasinye Baye imisebenzi yabo, kodwa zisebenza kwingcamango jikelele ukwandisa uzinzo kwinkqubo. Ijonga imisebenzi yabo yoMphathiswa wezeMali. IBhunga uphonononga ulwazi olunikwe ezi nkampani-arhente, kwaye rhoqo yayo kuvelisa yovavanyo lomngcipheko. usihlalo wayo ngoku ngemvume uninzi abaqeqeshiweyo samalungu unakho ukulawula i-Fed ezo nkampani zemali umsolwa bangathwali umngcipheko uzinzo loqoqosho lwesizwe ukudlulisa. I-Bhodi ihlola zonke izenzo olumisiweyo ezinxulumene kule ndawo, kwaye isithethi rhoqo kwintlanganiso ye-Congress. Injongo yale-ofisi kukulungelelanisa imisebenzi olawulo kummandla yokuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nophando ejoliswe kuphuhliso lwezixhobo esweni kunye yovavanyo lomngcipheko. Njengenxalenye yale lomzimba bekumele ukuba ukudala amaziko ezimbini: usetyenziso lweenkcukacha kunye nohlalutyo yenzululwazi.

Acute trading

Ukuba ufunda Dodd - uFrank e Russian, kucacile ukuba ukusebenza ngoku ngumhlali kwi US, "Forex" kwimakethi mthethweni. Lo Mthetho jikelele ubonelela uyalahlwa ngokupheleleyo iOTC zorhwebo. Zombini lwemali kunye amatye anqabileyo. Iwela phantsi kokuvalwa, kunye imisebenzi iinkampani ezivumela abathengi-abahlali babo US urhwebe olunye emarikeni "Forex". Ezi iintengiselwano zange ngaphambili ubhalisile kwi istock exchange neyaziwa ngokupheleleyo phakathi iinkampani. Olo tshintsho kufuneka kukhokelela ekuthotyweni ubuqhetseba, kwandisa ingcaciso yale nkqubo yezemali kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuselo lwamalungelo abatyali '.

kwiinkqubo lomqhubi

Ixesha lobunzima jikelele-mali ka-2008 kubangelwe nje kuphela ngokubonelela ngemali-mboleko kubaboleki ukungathembeki, kodwa ukwesaba eyavelayo emva kokuba imilinganiselo yeqela investment enkulu njengoko Lehman Brothers. Ngoko ke, ulawulo Volcker kunye Dodd - uFrank neyokucwangcisa imisebenzi kumaziko ngokucwangcisekileyo ebalulekileyo uphelele. ukubolekisana Consumer siyahlukana zebhanki utyalo-mali, yabucala kunye namaziko zabo zemali, imali uthango. Dodd - uFrank kunye Volcker ulawulo sizibandakanya imfuneko yokukhusela baseMerika berhafu zesiqhelo. Eyokuqala wazisa imithetho emitsha lokuphelisa nya iinkampani ngokucwangcisekileyo ezibalulekileyo, lo gama i-yesibini umda ubuchule Bank ukuba utyalo-zimali kuzo mali uthango. Ngoku ke ngumnini kuphela 3% capital yokugqibela. Act Dodd - uFrank ibonelela ulawulo ekhethekileyo lomqhubi amaziko ezinkulu zemali ukusilela kabani enokukhokelela ukuwa kwinkqubo yonke. Inkqubo yonke ngoku ukuba ngemali ngurhulumente US. Kucingelwa ukuba le ndlela iza kukuphepha panic kwimarike kunye nokuthengiswa asethi yebhanki kwiziko lula. Emva kokuphela ekupheliseni abanini ziya kubuyiselwa ngeendleko. Ukuba nje kokuba ngokuvakalisa ungonakala umzamo yokugqibela Kwathi yinxalenye propati okanye impahla ukuba amaqela wesithathu, kodwa ngoku kukho inkqubo ukubuyela amaxabiso ezinjalo.

Intshayelelo kwezohlwayo isikhokelo

Lo mthetho unika uxanduva kwizikhundla eziphezulu izenzo zabo kwakhokelela ekuweni yenkampani. Kakade ke, ababandakanywanga ulawulo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ingaluthintela mababe kwizikhundla efanayo kwezinye amaziko zemali. Ngokutsho komthetho Dodd - Frank nabo kungenziwa nkqu agqitywayo wenza umonakalo kwinkampani.

isakhiwo

Dodd - uFrank iqulathe amacandelo 15. Eyokuqala lizinikele ekunikeni uzinzo kwezemali. Ubonelela ngokumiselwa kwamaziko amabini amatsha. Icandelo lesibini lichaza inkqubo ye yimali. Okwesithathu - ukudluliselwa kwamagunya. Uthi ukuphelisa le arhente ezikhoyo ukunciphisa phindwa uxanduva lokulawula kule nkalo. Eli candelo yesine unikezelwa esweni imisebenzi abacebisi bezemali. Njengoko ngaphambili ukuba ulawulwa kuphela kwinqanaba lengingqi, kwanika ilungelo ingxelo ubuqhetseba, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwezinye. Isiqendu sesihlanu ibandakanya esweni zonke iinkalo inshorensi. Dodd - uFrank uguquko kwezezimali kubandakanya uphuculo kunye ummiselo. icandelo yakhe yesithandathu ubizwa ngokuba nguMthetho Volcker. Eli candelo wesixhenxe ibandakanya ulawulo ukwanda lorhwebo yezabelo ngetyala kunye segazi credit default. Ekugqibeleni Trade nabo kufuneka stock ngokupheleleyo. okusolwayo abasibhozo wasayina nokongamela zokuhlala. I-Fed kufuneka aqulunqe kwimigangatho yolawulo lomngcipheko ofanayo kumaziko ngokucwangcisekileyo zemali ezibalulekileyo. Oku kuya kwandisa uzinzo kuqoqosho ngokubanzi. Dodd Act - uFrank ukhuseleko lwabathengi ifuna ukuphuculwa esweni yemarike izibambiso. Eli candelo lunikezelwa lesithoba. Eleshumi lunikezelwe ekudaleni ngaphakathi kwiziko ukhuseleko lwabathengi i-Fed kaThixo. Kufuneka ukulawula ukubonelelwa iimveliso-mali ophelileyo. Isahluko seshumi elinanye wazisa amagunya ezintsha Fed ezinxulumene ukuvalwa enocwangco leenkampani ezinkulu. Weshumi kuthetha lula ukufikelela abemi ingeniso avareji okanye ephantsi kwinkqubo zemali. icandelo weshumi uhlomela uMthetho kwi nokuzinziswa kwezoqoqosho kunyaka-2008. Elinesine ukuguqula mortgages. ulwahlulo weshumi elinesihlanu - oku enye indawo.