Dissociation zombane: iziseko theoretical component electrochemistry

dissociation zombane idlala indima enkulu ebomini bethu, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo ke musa ukucinga ngaloo nto. Ukuba le meko kunxulumene iityuwa conductivity, asidi kunye neziseko emanzini medium. Ekubeni izingqisho yokuqala intliziyo eyabangelwa "live" kunye nombane emzimbeni womntu, asibhozo ekhulwini equka ulwelo, ukuba iimoto, mobile phones kunye nabadlali, zitshajwe ukuba ukulunga iibhetri electrochemical, - yonke abasingqongileyo ngokungabonakaliyo dissociation yombane.

Le ngxilimbela ukukhupha iifatyi komphunga olonakalisayo etyhidiweyo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, indlela electrolysis webauxite inika metal "ezinamaphiko" - aluminiyam. Zonke izinto okungeenxa zonke kuthi, evela kwi radiator chrome ngumfanekiswana ugubungela namajikazi ezindlebeni zakho ngonaphakade bejamelene izisombululo okanye iityuwa etyhidiweyo, yaye ngenxa yoko isenzeko. Awukho ku dissociation zombane engento bafunda yonke isebe yenzululwazi - electrochemistry.

Xa kupheliswa isinyibilikisi ulwelo-iimolekyuli kungena bond kwemichiza kunye molecule enyibilikayo, ukwakha solvates. Isisombululo zolwelo kukuba kakhulu ukulimala dissociation seTyuwa, asidi kunye neziseko. Ngenxa yale nkqubo kwemolekyuli enyibilikayo nga kwahlula zibe ion. Umzekelo, i-isinyibilikisi zolwelo phantsi kweempembelelo bangane Na ⁺ kunye CI ^-, leyo ke ionic NaCI ngembonakalo yikristale imali kwi medium kwisinyibilkisi sele ezintsha njengoko solvated (hydrated) amasuntswana.

Le nto imele uyi kwinkqubo yokuwa epheleleyo okanye kwinxenye ukwimo ichithwe ibe ion ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni isinyibilikisi, yaye ubizwa ngokuba "dissociation zombane." Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu electrochemistry. Okubaluleke kakhulu kukuba dissociation kweenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo multicomponent luphawulwa isenzeko linyathelo. Xa oku kuthiwa wabuye wabona Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwenani ion e isisombululo, leyo lunomahluko ngeempahla electrolytic electroless.

Ngexesha electrolysis ion abe ulwalathiso olucacileyo motion: amasuntswana nentlawulo entle (ukuse-) - le electrode kakubi ityala, ebizwa ngokuba cathode kunye ion HIV (anions) - ukuya anode electrode kwentlawulo esahlukileyo, apho zikhutshwe. Kubeke ziyancipha kwaye oxidized anions. Ngoko ke, lo dissociation yi ingathityazwa.

Enye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo kule nkqubo electrochemical liqondo le dissociation electrolytic, nto leyo oluvakaliswe umlinganiselo amasuntswana hydrated ukuya kwinani elipheleleyo iimolekyuli lichithakale kweziyobisi. I aphezulu amanqaku, kokukhona oku into electrolyte olomeleleyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, zonke izinto bohlulwa babe buthathaka, amandla eliphakathi kunye electrolytes olomeleleyo.

The degree of dissociation kuxhomekeke zinto zilandelayo: a) uhlobo enyibilikayo; b) uhlobo isinyibilikisi, zayo ukusoloko Heating kunye wokwephuka; c) yoxinaniso yesisombululo (inowuthi kukoriwe, kokukhona iqondo dissociation); g) Ubushushu yokuchitheka esiphakathi. Umzekelo, ukuba dissociation ka acetic acid lungabonakaliswa yi indlela kulandelayo:

CH ₃ COOH ⁺ H + CH ₃ COO ^-

electrolytes olunamandla inqanyulwe phantse lisenza kuba solution yabo zolwelo ungahlaliyo unhydrated ukuqala iimolekyuli kunye ion. Kufuneka kwakhona zongezwe ukuba inkqubo dissociation ichaphazela zonke izinto nokubane uhlobo ionic kunye covalent ezibandayo neentambo imichiza. Imfundiso dissociation electrolytic laqulunqa la edumileyo semichiza Swedish physics Svante Arrhenius ngo-1887.