Cretinism - it .. Iimpawu, unyango, uthintelo kunye isifo

Cretinism - a isifo kwinkqubo yonyango, nto leyo sikhatshwa umsebenzi Ukwehla le ndlala lengqula. Esi sisifo eliqhelekileyo ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo livela ebuntwaneni. Ngoko ke zintoni na iimpawu kuqala? Ukuhlukunyezwa liyingozi Yindibanisela hormone? Ingaba kukho naluphi na unyango olusebenzayo? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo ziya kuba nomdla kubafundi abaninzi.

inkcazelo emfutshane malunga nesakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi ndlala

Cretinism - sisifo inxulunyaniswa nokusebenza kakuhle ndlala. Ngoko ke, ukuqala kuya kuba luncedo ukuba aqhelane ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga nomsebenzi walo mzimba.

Thyroid ibhekisa amadlala of secretion lwangaphakathi. Kuyinto ezikufutshane intlala ye kwingqula ibandakanya ilungelo kunye nomhlehlo yasekhohlo kunye zirhuqwe ukudibanisa kuwo. Le iihomoni eziphambili ndlala banikwa thyroxine kunye triiodothyronine, ogama kuyondelelaniswe kwenzeka kuphela xa eyaneleyo imali ayodini. Ngapha koko, le umzimba uvelisa ezinye izinto esebenzayo, ingakumbi calcitonin (a hormone onoxanduva calcium yokucolwa emzimbeni).

umsebenzi thyroid ixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo hypothalamic-yebhinqa apha ebuchotsheni. Ingqondo yebhinqa ukhupha lengqula-ekuvuseleleni hormone, nto leyo yenza ukuba iinkqubo Yindibanisela hormone. Into eveliswa le ngxenye, leyo abalawula yebhinqa.

Ngenxa inxaxheba ihomoni kwenzeka iinkqubo ezifana:

• yokucolwa of adipose esiqwini wokuqhekeka kobudlelwane, kuyondelelaniswe kunye yokuwa iimolekyuli protein;
• ukuyilwa yamandla, apho kuyimfuneko imisipha kunye nenkqubo luvo;
• ukwandisa amanqanaba glucose igazi;
• Sisebenze luvo yonyango (hormone ingachaphazela ukusebenza nezinye amadlala ezidalwe);
• Transport kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwiiseli.

Ngenxa kunciphiso isixa ihomoni kuphuhlisa nesifo ekuthiwa hypothyroidism. Ngenxa yoko, esi sifo kunokukhokelela cretinism, myxedema, kunye nezinye izitenxo phezu inxalenye yenkqubo yonyango.

Hypothyroidism ezahlukeneyo

Enyanisweni, kukho iinkqubo ezininzi yokuhlelwa kwesi sifo. Amaninzi, abantwana ubunzima cretinism, njengoko esi sifo kuba ngokwemvelo. Kwelinye icala, oko mayithengwe - kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko ezithile.

Kuxhomekeka ngelize iintlobo ezininzi leengxaki:

• hypothyroidism lokuqala, nto leyo ehambisana nokusebenza kakuhle ndlala;
• uhlobo yesibini sifo owenzeke imvelaphi kukho ukungasebenzi le yebhinqa;
• hypothyroidism tertiary, apho kukho ukungasebenzi kakuhle nokulawulwa ngakwicala le ngxenye;
• ephula uvakalelo iiseli ekujoliswe (kule meko ke hormone ziveliswa ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ke ezi seli azikho sensitive).

Luphawu eyaziwayo luhlobo sifo njengoko cretinism sendawo - into leyo uyabonakala abahlali bemimandla nge-ayodini ayonelanga.

Cretinism: Oonobangela

Ngoko nangoko ke paha ukuba zininzi izinto ezikhokelela izifo ezinjalo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, cretinism ichaphazela abantwana ihomoni intswelo. Kunye nemeko enjalo isenokuba iziphene okanye lufundiwe.

Ngenxa yezizathu hypothyroidism naso ziquka:

• hypoplasia azalwa okanye ukungabikho ndlala ndlala umntwana;
• zokukhanya yomfazi okhulelweyo okanye ukuthatha amayeza zokunciphisa umsebenzi ingaba;
• isifo ndlala unina ngexa lokukhulelwa;
• isifo yemfuza, nto leyo ekhokelele nokuhlutha kuphula ayodini lengqula inyama;
• okukwazi kwezakhi ngumhlaza hormone yebhinqa;
• yesifo azalwa ukuba kuphazamisa inkqubo hypothalamic-yebhinqa.

Kwelinye icala, uhlobo efumaneke isifo kwakhona kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo:

• imali eyanele iodine ezityiwa umfazi okhulelweyo okanye umntwana;
• thyroiditis Hashimoto kaThixo;
• ukudumba le ndlala lengqula;
• ukuphatheka okanye usebenzela le ndlala lengqula;
• ukwenzakala, nangokurhala, utyando ebuchotsheni, ezo zihamba kunye izitshanguba ye hypothalamic-yebhinqa axis;
• ithumba ebuchotsheni.

Ukophulwa kwiseli uvakalelo iihomoni, lengqula

Loo meko naso kwaye ezinxulumene ezithile zofuzo, ukuphazamiseka kunye nesakhiwo DNA chromosomal. Kule sifo hormone ukufaka kwi-mali oluqhelekileyo, kodwa iseli ekujoliswe Akukho enovakalelo kubo. Njengelifa kubazali yaye phantse untreatable.

Cretinism kubantwana: yintoni le ngozi?

Eneneni, esi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba lengqula iihomoni ukusa kumkhamo othile ukulawula ukusebenza phantse umzimba wonke. Ngoko ke yintoni na iziphumo kunokubangela izifo?

Cretinism echaphazela ingqondo, sehlise phantsi. Ngokukodwa, nxamnye yangasemva sifo kukho ukuphazamiseka zophuhliso luvo, kwakunye nokuhla inani elipheleleyo luvo kwaye ukuyilwa kwezinto anqanda umsebenzi ingqondo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ilahleko ebangelwe hormone kunye nezinye yokuphazamiseka emzimbeni, ngokukodwa:

• zokunciphisa iinkqubo ukukhula;
• buthathaka kwezihlunu;
• ukuncipha kwe data imveliso iiproteins kunye namandla;
• isiphazamiso kuphuhliso skeletal;
• iinkqubo hemodyscrasia;
• inkqubo omzimba buthathaka;
• ukungasebenzi le nkqubo yonyango, ingakumbi nobubovu adrenal, gonads;
• sibangelwa nezi ntso, nomhlehlo wesibindi, amathumbu, isisu;
• waphula umthetho imisebenzi esikhumbeni.

Kakade ke, xa kuvela iingxaki ezinjalo kwabantwana abancinane, xa kungekho unyango kukho kukwaphula umsebenzi phantse zonke iinkqubo omzimba.

Iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo kubantwana

Indlela kuphela ukubona sifo kuzalwa luvavanyo igazi ukuze hormone. Cretinism kwiinyanga zokuqala 2-3 yobomi, phantse lungenzeki. Sekunjalo, ugqirha siqaphela ukuhla ukutya, ukuphelelwa ngeempumlo ukuphefumla, iingxaki rhoqo wokudla, izinga intliziyo eliphantsi kunye fontanelles ezinkulu, yaba lukakayi ahlala yene.

Njengoko ukukhula umntwana iyabonakala, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezininzi kakhulu,. Usana yande ubunzima kancinci kodwa ukhangela zityebile njengoko bewenza nokudumba. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ulwimi kakhulu ukudumba. ubukhulu intloko omkhulu njengoko umzimba emva kophuhliso. Ezi abantwana badla ibhulorho ebanzi ngeempumlo amehlo elimxinwa, kwakunye intamo emfutshane nepeni. Ungase uphawule ezinye disorder - umntwana rhoqo ozele, ecubhukile, yona. Nge ubudala, ungaqaphela ukulibaziseka lophuhliso kwengqondo.

Iimpawu Cretinism kwabantu abadala

Ukuba lunganyangwa, iimpawu ziba zibi ngakumbi ubudala kuphela. Abantu abanengxaki cretinism, ezineefitsha uphawu kakhulu emzimbeni, ezifana omfutshane ngesithomo, amalungu umzimba kungalingani. Oku linophawu ukufukuka rhoqo, okuthile ngenxa isakhiwo umzimba, kokukhubazeka, ukuhamba kakuhle kwamalungu ezahlukeneyo. Kukho namanqaku ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ebunzi aphezulu, imilebe ezinkulu, cheekbones eziphakamileyo, elibukhali rhoqo ulwimi, eveleleyo iindlebe.

Phantse zonke izigulane unesifo onjalo ubunzima ukusuka ukukhubazeka engqondweni shiyana. Kwakhona, kukho iintlobo yokuva intetho, maxa wambi phezulu abazizithulu-mutism. Ekubeni umsebenzi unamadlala ngokwesondo lifinyele, oko ukungachumi kunokwenzeka. Ukongeza, aba bantu ngababuthuntu, unsociable, okuso ubunzima kwezinye uhlobo nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

iindlela Modern loxilongo

Ukuba kukho urhano kufuneka ngoko nangoko udibane nogqirha. Kuphela ingcali uyazi ukuba hypothyroidism, iimpawu kunye nonyango leyo Sixoxa namhlanje. Moshilongo umgwebo echanileyo kuphela ukuhlolwa endocrinologist ayonelanga.

Okokuqala, iimvavanyo zegazi kuqhutywa kumanqanaba hormone kunye lengqula ndlala. Ngendlela, ezinye izigulane basenokuba hypothyroidism ekuthiwa okwethutyana, ngoko ke iimvavanyo kudlule kwakhona ixesha elithile kamva. Kwiiklinikhi ezininzi athathe igazi kuzalwa ukwenzela uphando nothintelo.

Kamva aphethwe ultrasound lengqula nobubovu, kananjalo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye Doppler engayi isixhobosovavanyo lwemifanekiso. Ezi mvavanyo kwenza kube lula ukufumanisa ubukhulu endlaleni, kuyanda ukufumaneka, utshintsho nezihlunu nangezilonda lengqula ndlala, kwakunye nemeko yokumpompoza kwegazi.

Abantwana ubonisa amathambo X-ray, njengoko ebantwaneni kunye sifo kwamathambo kade skeletal. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, isigulana uhlola ugqirha okanye udokotela, luvo, zamathambo, kugqirha - ukunceda oogqirha ukubona ubukho iingxaki, baze benze irejimeni yonyango.

Iindlela ephatha isifo

Kuphela ugqirha wakho uyakwazi na hypothyroidism (iimpawu kunye nonyango lwesi sifo, izigulo kunokwenzeka - kufuneka kuxoxwe ngendlela yobungcali zonke ezi zinto), yaye nguye kuphela ezinokukunceda. Ngoko ke, xa kunjalo, musa lokukhathalela amacebiso kwiingcali.

Njengomgaqo, izigulane kufuneka bafumane unyango replacement - ukuba bathathe amachiza hormone ezakha intswelo zendalo hormone. Ngokukodwa, yeyokuba isebenza kakhulu le «ichiza L- thyroxine". Ngaphezu koko, irejimeni yonyango zinokuqukwa izakhiwo vitamin, iziyobisi nootropic ( "cerebro", "Pyracetam", "Nootropil"), kwakunye medicament sokuphucula imisebenzi nokhuseleko kunye namandla izicwili umbefu ( "Lipotserebrin", "Pantogam", " encephabol ").

Izakhi ebalulekileyo unyango yokudla elungile, nto leyo eza kunika ukutya okwaneleyo ayodini. Kuxhomekeka kwimeko yomguli kusenokufuneka uncedo luvo okanye wezifo zengqondo. Kwixesha elizayo, umntwana kufuneka kusoloko bangenele axilongwe uthabathe iimvavanyo, iziphumo apho ugqirha uyakwazi ukunyenyisa irejimeni yonyango.

Yintoni na uqikelelo izigulane?

Cretinism - isifo kuyingozi kakhulu, njengoko ungaze nokukhubazeka. Noko ke, ngokufuthi isigulo kwangethuba kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo isigulana ayikwazi ukunceda. Kuqheleke ndlala kunye yebhinqa amadlala kukhokelela ekupheliseni ukuphazamiseka metabolic.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke iimeko, iingxaki uya kuziphepha. Ngokomzekelo, xa iqaliwe ingqondo emva kwexesha umonakalo therapy kuhlala. Ewe, kwaye ezinye izifo genetic kunzima nokuba unyango nomqondiso.

Ingaba zikhona iindlela ezisebenzayo yothintelo?

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba cretinism - isifo esinzulu kakhulu, nto leyo nayiphi na imeko angena kubethwa ngoyaba. Nge ukubhaqwa kunye nonyango ngexesha hlobo xa kubunzima eyiyo ubunzima. Kuyaqondakala ukuba, abantu abaninzi abanomdla umbuzo ukuba sinako iyaluthintela uphuhliso sifo.

Kukho ezinye imithetho elula, apho iingcali bacebisa ukuba bagcine. Umzekelo, kwiindawo apho sifo kuqhelekile, sifanele ukwenza prophylaxis ngokubanzi, ingakumbi ukuba iliso isiqulatho obaneleyo iodine ekutyeni.

Ngenxa cretinism kuchaphazela abantwana, ogama imibala hormone lengqula, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba banikele ingqalelo kule ngongoma yokuplana isigaba ukukhulelwa le. Ngokomzekelo, abazali bacetyiswa ukuba bayokuvavanya waze iphumele ezinye iimvavanyo ubukho ukuphazamiseka pathways kunye izifo ezithile yemfuza. Ukongeza, umfazi okhulelweyo kufuneka esweni ngenyameko iodine ziphele. Kwaye kubalulekile ukuqhuba neemvavanyo ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa, ngokuba kamsinyane esi sifo elibhaqiweyo, kokukhona amathuba onyango ngempumelelo phambi imbonakalo iingxaki ezinzulu.