Catherine Palace: uhlobo lomsebenzi kunye nembali yokuhlala kwabalawuli

Nangona kwiminyaka engama-7 iminyaka engama-300 yokuvulwa kweCatherine Palace eTurarskoe Selo iya kubhiyozelwa, akazange alahlekelwe ngumhle kunye nobukhulu bayo. Isakhiwo esihle ngokwenene sakhiwa saza sakha kwakhona amaxesha amaninzi ngaphambi kokuthatha ukuma kwayo. Khangela ibhotwe kuza abafunayo belizwe lonke.

I-Palace yaseCatherine, eshedyuli yayo yokusebenza incike kwixesha lonyaka, ityelelwa imihla ngemihla ngekhulu leendwendwe zaseSt. Petersburg. Inomdla okhethekileyo yimfihlelo yeGumbi le-Amber.

Imbali yebhotwe ngexesha likaChristine I

Ukuhlala kookumkani, ookumkani kunye nababusi ngamaxesha onke kwakuyimbonakalo yamandla aphezulu kunye nomqondiso wobutyebi, amandla kunye nobukhulu bayo. Ngenxa yale njongo, kwakhiwa izindebe, amagumbi obukhosi kunye nenqaba yakhiwa, eyasebenza njengendawo yokuphila okanye yokuzilibazisa kubantu abanamandla.

I-Catherine Palace (ulawulo lomsebenzi kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni ukususela ngo-12: 00 ukuya ku-20.00), abakhi bezakhiwo abazange bahlose ukwakha kwinqanaba elinjengoku namhlanje. Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo bekuza kuba yindawo encinane yokuhlala ehlotyeni kwidolophana, eyanikwa yona ngo-1710.

Ukwakhiwa kwebhotwe kwakuphathiswe umklami waseJamani uBraunstein, phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe ingabizwa ngokuba yi-Peterhof yegodlo. Kuba u-Catherine ndazakhela amakamelo amatye amabini amabhinqa, ethobekile kwaye ekhululekile kakhulu ngexesha lokunyuka kwehlobo lomntu wasebukhosini.

Ukuvulwa kwebhola lehlobo lasehlotyeni kwenzeka ngo-Agasti, ngo-1724, ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqokelelwa okukhulu kwabathengisi, kodwa ukunyaniseka kwenene lokwakha izakhiwo kwakuza phambili.

Catherine Palace phantsi kwe-Elizaveta Petrovna

Xa ngo-1741 intombi kaPetros I yaba yinto entsha, i-summer yokuhlala yasebukhosini yaqala ubomi bobabini. Kwakukho ngesandla sokukhanya sikaElizabethe Petrovna ukuba ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwaqalisa eTarsarse Selo, kwaye amagumbi ahloniphekileyo aguqulwa abe yindlu enkulu.

Kuphela emva kweminyaka eyi-14 entsha yeCatherine Palace yatyiswa kukumkanikazi kunye nenkundla yakhe (abaninzi abahlali basePushkin bayazi indlela yokusebenza kunye nedilesi). Ukususela ekuvuleni kwayo, ibizwa ngokuba yiNdlunkulu enkulu, kwaye oku kuhambelana nokubonakala kwayo. Ukususela kwisakhiwo esinezithobekileyo ezimbini, izakhiwo ezintsha ezidibeneyo ngokubambisana ngokubanzi ziba yinto ebonakalayo yobugcisa bokwakha baroque.

Ukwakhiwa kwebhotwe ngexesha layo elibandakanyeka kuM M. Zemtsov, A. Kvasov noD. Trezzini, uShavakinsky noFerglili. Umsebenzi wabakhi bezakhiwo ezinjalo ziyamangalisa ngobuhle nobuncwane bawo. Umzobo, odwetswe ngombala ocacileyo kunye nokuhlotshiswe ngamakholomu amhlophe, axhasayo i-atlante evelelwe-konke oku kuthetha ubutyebi bentsapho yasebukhosini. Akukho ncitshiso engaphantsi kwamagosa angaphakathi kunye namagumbi, namhlanje akhangeleka ngokufanayo phantsi ko-Elizaveta Petrovna kunye no-Catherine II.

Ukubona ubuchule bezakhiwo zaseRussia nabangaphandle, kufuneka ufike eTarsarse Selo uze u tyelele iCatherine Palace. Indlela yokusebenza (ifoto yesakhiwo esezantsi ibonisa oku) ikuvumela ukuba uyenze nganoma naliphi ixesha lonyaka, kodwa ngokugqwesileyo konke kubonakala kukujikelezwe yi-emerald enyakazayo ngexesha elifudumeleyo.

Impembelelo kaCatherine II kwilungiselelo lebhotwe

Ukususela ngo-1770, kwakubonakala sengathi iCatherine Palace yayinomoya wesibini (iiyure zokusebenza ukusuka ngo-10.00 ukuya kwe-18.00 ngeveki-vumela ukuba umntu afunde zonke izinto ezintsha ezamkelwayo ukumkanikazi omtsha kakuhle). Ngaphantsi kwesigqibo sakhe, phantsi kolawulo lukaCharles Cameron, umqambi waseScotland, iikhabinethi zeBlue kunye ne-Silver, amagumbi aphilileyo amatsha, igumbi lokudlela kunye neholo yaseTshayina bahlotshisiwe.

I-classical antique style, eyayiyithandwa nguCatherine II, ibonakala ibangalisa ngokubhekiselele kwixesha lamaBaroque lika-Elizabeth Petrovna. Utshintsho aluzange luphele apho. Ngaloo ndlela, iindawo zokuhlala kunye ne-ofisi yonyana wakhe uPavel Petrovich zadalwa, kwaye ngexesha lolawulo luka-Alexander I ngo-1817, iParade kunye namagumbi athile ahlangene namagumbi asele ekhona, umhlobiso owawunikezelwa ukunqoba iNapoleon.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi inkosi ehlala kwiNdlu enkulu yeTsarskoye Selo, igumbi le-Amber libhekwa njengelona lihle kakhulu, lihle kakhulu kwaye liyimfihlelo. Kwaye ngexesha lethu, abaninzi abatyelelo ngenxa yakhe baya kwiCatherine Palace. Iiyure zokusebenza zokusebenza kule holo ziphuma kwi-10.00 ukuya ku-17.00, ngaphandle kweLibini. Idilesi: I-Pushkin, ist. Umyezo, 7.

Imbali yeGumbi le-Amber

Amaphaneli ahloniphekileyo e-amber, ayisiseko seGumbi le-Amber, ayedalwe ekwakheni amakamelo okumkani wasePrussia uFrederick I nomkakhe. Kwenzeke ukuba i-mosaic yelitye lelanga ayinakukwazi ukubeka ubunzima balo eludongeni kwaye yawa, eyenza umsindo nokudumala kwe-prune.

Unyana kaKumkani William ndagqiba ekubeni ndingagqiba ukuyila kweeholi zamabhabhi eziqalile nguyise kwaye zenze isipho kuPetros I ngendlela yekhabhinethi. Zonke iipaneli zazipakishwe ngokucophelela kwaye zithunyelwa kwiHlabathi yaseJumeni yaseSt. Petersburg ngo-1717. Kule nto insalela yeepaneli ezintle azizange ziphele.

Ukubhaliswa kweKhabhinethi yase-Amber phantsi kwe-Elizabeth

Ngaphantsi kukaPetros Omkhulu, iKhabhinethi ye-amber yayingenakuxhotyiswa ngokupheleleyo, kuphela ummiselo we-Elizabeth Petrovna waqala ukuhlobisa indawo egumbini, kodwa sele sele eseKatherine Palace eTarsarsyee Selo.

Umsebenzi woyilo wawujoliswe nguF. F. Rastrelli, kwaye ekubeni igumbi elitsha leepaneli kunye nemifanekiso emihle yayinkulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwe-amber, izibuko, ii-insets ezenziwe ngamatye kunye nemifanekiso ye-jasper ne-agate ebonakala kwiindonga.

Ukusuka kuCatherine II kuze kube namhlanje

UCatherine II, emva kokunyuka kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi, akazange ahlale ecaleni waza walela ukuba zonke izinto ezenziwe ngamaplanga zibe zitshintshwe ngama-amber, apho amakhosi ayebhalwa ePrussia. Wada wamisela umgcini-mgcini, owalindela ukhuseleko lwamatye.

Kwakule ngqungquthela ngo-1770 ukuba iingcango zendlu ye-Amber zavulwa, kwaye iindwendwe zazibona ngendlela efanayo njengoko zibonakala kubakhenkethi banamhlanje xa zi tyelela iCatherine Palace. Igumbi le-amber, elisebenza ukususela kwi-10.00 ukuya kwe-18.00, kunye neofisi yetikiti ukuya kwi-17.00, ibukeka namhlanje njengoko yenzayo phantsi kwabaseRoma baseburhulumenteni. Kodwa bonke abahamba ngehlabathi bayazi ukuba iipaneli zokuqala ze-amber azihlali zihlala, kuba yonke ikhabhinethi yachithwa kwaye yenziwa ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini.

Kwaye kwafunyanwa iziqhezu ezikhethiweyo zeGumbi le-Amber, ngenxa yeefoto ezigcinwe kunye nemidwebo, sele isele kwithuba emva kwempi yabuyiselwa kwifomu yayo yasekuqaleni.

Ngexesha lethu, unokutyelela iCatherine Palace (indlela yokusebenza kwiiholide zonyaka ezitsha ziqhelekileyo, kuphela ngoJanuwari 1, 2-ngeveki). Njengoko iholide kaJanuwari ka-2017 ibonise, abo banqwenela ukujoyina i-luxury lux kingali bamele bajame kumgca weetikiti ezingama-20-30 imizuzu.