Kvotirovannye imisebenzi. UMthetho unika imisebenzi abakhubazekile

Urhulumente unika iziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo zoluhlu lwabantu abakhubazekileyo. Ngokukodwa, indawo ezizodwa zemisebenzi yabantu abakhubazekileyo zenziwe. Kule nxu lumano, abaqeshi bafumana imisebenzi emitsha. Uxanduva lwabaphathi ngokuba bengagcinwanga imithetho eqinisiweyo luqinisiwe. Makhe siqwalasele, indlela indawo yokusebenzela ecatshulweyo inikwe ngayo, yintoni na.

Isiseko esiqhelekileyo

Inkqubo entsha yokuqeshwa kwabasebenzi abakhubazekileyo yasungulwa ngokuthotyelwa koMthetho we-Federal No. 11. Isenzo esiqhelekileyo sazisa utshintsho olunezinye iincwadi ezisemthethweni ezisebenza kule ndawo. Ngokukodwa, kwenziwe utshintsho olulandelayo:

• ФЗ No. 181, ukulawula ukhuseleko loluntu lwabantu abakhubazekileyo;
• CAO;
• ФЗ №1032-1, ukulawula umsebenzi wengingqi eRussian Federation.

Ingqwalasela epheleleyo yeenguqu ezenziweyo uncedo ekuqeshweni kwabantu abakhubazekileyo. Ukongeza, injongo yayikunyusa uxanduva lwabaqeshi ngokuphula umthetho.

Indawo yendawo yokusebenza - yintoni na?

Ukucaciswa kwekota kunokufumaneka kwimimiselo yecandelo elisemthethweni. Indawo yokusebenza yabasebenzi kubantu abakhubazekileyo yinqanaba elincinci lezithuba zabantu abathanda kakhulu ukhuseleko loluntu kunye nobunzima bamava kunye nomsebenzi wengqesho. Kubekwe njengepesenti yomyinge wabafundi bamashishini, amaziko okanye imibutho. Ngaloo ndlela, intloko kufuneka ibhalise kwinani elithile labemi abakhubazekileyo. Ukuseka loo myalelo, urhulumente uyazisombulula iingxaki zomsebenzi wabantu abakhubazekileyo.

Amanqaku asekuhlaleni

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abaphathi bamashishini namaziko kufuneka banikeze okanye benze imisebenzi yecandelo labakhubazekileyo. Ngokuthotyelwa komthetho, abaqeshi banomsebenzi omtsha. Okwangoku, kufuneka avumele amaphepha akhethekileyo olawulo lwendawo. Kwizenzo ezinjalo, kufuneka kube nolwazi malunga nemisebenzi yekota.

Ukubunjwa kolwazi kwiinkonzo ezigunyazisiweyo

Ngaphambili, abaphathi bekufuneka bathumele inyangazonke kwi-arhente yengqesho yengqesho phambi kweendawo ezingenamntu kwi-shishini kunye nokuba isabelo sokuqeshwa kwabantu abakhubazekileyo senziwa njani. Okwangoku, lo msebenzi uwandiswe kakhulu. Ngoku iinkokheli zinika ulwazi:

1. Kufumaneka kwezikhundla ezingenanto;
2. Ukwabiwe / ukudala indawo zokuqasha abantu abakhubazekileyo, ngokubhekiselele kwisigatshana esisiseko;
3. Ulwazi malunga nezenzo zendawo, apho kukho idatha kwizithuba ezinjalo;
4. Iinkcukacha ekuphunyezweni kwekota ekhoyo.

U xanduva

Utshintsho oluphawulekayo lwenziwe kwi-Art. 5.42 yeKhowudi yoLawulo. Eli nqaku linika uxanduva lokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu abakhubazekileyo kwimimandla yengqesho. Ngaphambili, umphathi angahlawulwa kuphela ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuqasha abantu abakhubazekileyo kwi-quota. Ngolu xanduva, kukho enye. Ngoku isihlomelo sinikezelwa ngenxa yokungaphumeleli ukuzalisekisa uxanduva lokunikezela okanye ukudala izikhundla zabakhubazekileyo ngokweqonga elimiselweyo. Ukongezelela, ubukhulu befayili sele benyuke kakhulu, kungekhona kubaqeshi kuphela, kodwa nangenxa yenkonzo yengqesho.

Impawu zokuvunywa kwezenzo

Ngokuhambelana noBugcisa. 8 TC, abaqeshi, ngaphandle kobuntu bendalo, abangenayo i-IP, avumele amaxwebhu angaphakathi apho kukho imigqaliselo yomthetho wezabasebenzi. Kufanelekile ukukhumbula imithetho eyintloko yokwamkelwa kwabo:

1. Ukuvunyelwa kwesenzo sendawo kwenziwa kwintsebenzo yekhanda ngokuhambelana ne-TC kunye namanye amaphepha omthetho asecandelo, izivumelwano ezihlangeneyo;
2. Kwiimeko ezibonelelwe kwiMigaqo, imithetho yaseburhulumenteni kunye neminye imithetho, iikontraka, xa ziqwalasela ngombono weqela elikhethiweyo labasebenzi (ukuba kukho);
3. Iimiselo zamaphepha angaphakathi angonakalisa isikhundla sabasebenzi xa kuthelekiswa nalabo bachazwe kwi-TC kunye nezinye izenzo zecandelo, kunye nemibono yenyunyana yamanyanisiweyo evunywe ngaphandle kwenkqubo esetyenziswayo, ayisebenzisayo.

Kubalulekile ukusho ukuba umthetho awuboneleli uluhlu olucacileyo lwezenzo ezifunekayo ukuba zinyanzeliswe kumashishini ngamnye. Azikho iifom eziqhelekileyo zamaphepha angaphakathi. Umxholo kunye nokuqulunqwa kwazo kumiselwa ngumkhokeli ngamnye.

Ukwabiwa kwamaphepha

Ngokwesiko, amaqela amathathu ezenzo ahlukeneyo:

1. Ukunikezelwa ngokuthe ngqo kumthetho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iimfuno zexesha, ubungakanani, umda wezenzo, umxholo, imithetho yokuphuhlisa kunye nabanye kusekwa;
2. Ukubonelelwa ngezinye izenzo zomthetho, ukuchaza imiba yenkqubo yokuvunyelwa kwabo kunye neziyobisi;
3. Akunakutshitshiswa kumaxwebhu, nangona kunjalo, asetyenziswa ngokusisigxina ekusebenzeni.

Ukuthotyelwa kweemimiselo ezithatha ingqalelo ezintsha

Akunabo bonke abaphathi abaqonda ngokucacileyo indlela yokufaka iinguqu ezitshintshileyo, nokuba kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa amadokhumenti amatsha angingqi okanye ukuvumela ukulungiswa kwezenzo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Uluhlu lwendabuko, njengomgaqo, luquka imigaqo yenkqubo yeshishini kwishishini kunye neshedyuli yabasebenzi. Ngelo xesha, i-yangaphambili inokuba neempawu zokulawulwa kwemisebenzi kwinkampani ethile, icandelo elincinci malunga nomvuzo, ubungqina, urhulumente, imithetho ye-RT kunye nabanye. Abanye abaphathi bakhetha ukuthatha uxwebhu oluhlukeneyo kulowo mbandela. Izilungiso kumthetho ekukhuselweni kwezentlalo zabantu abakhubazekileyo zibangela abaqeshi ukuba bavume izenzo malunga nolwazi malunga nezikhundla ezingenanto. Ngelo xesha, uMthetho we-Federal awuqukethe nayiphi na imigaqo okanye iinkqubo zokwamkelwa kwazo. Kule nkalo, imiba enjalo ingasombululwa yienkokheli ngokwazo. Ngoko, umzekelo, umqeshi angenza amalungiselelo amatsha kwimimiselo yangaphakathi ekhoyo kwishishini. Iyakwazi kwakhona ukuhlakulela amaxwebhu ahlukeneyo, umzekelo, uMmiselo kwiindawo zokusebenzela zerhafu.

Umzuzu obalulekileyo

Ngokomyalelo kaMongameli we-07.05.2012 urhulumente wayekuqinisekisa ukusekwa kwee-quota eziyi-14.2 kwiindawo ze-quota ngonyaka ukususela ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2015. Iindleko ezenziwa yinhloko zihlawulwa yinkonzo yengqesho ngexesha lokuxhasa iiprojekthi ezijoliswe ekunciphiseni ukunyanzeliswa kwiimarike. Ngo-2011, ukuhlawulwa kwabaqeshi kwi-federal fund yokulungiselela indawo yokusebenzela yomntu othile kwakuyi-ruble ezingama-50.

Utshintsho kwinkqubo

Izikhundla zengqesho ezicatshulwayo zidalwe kwisiseko solawulo lwendawo. Kwimibhalo yangaphakathi, intloko ye-shishini kufuneka inikezele ngamagatya aphambili enkqubo. Isigaba sokuqala yisiphelo sesivumelwano. Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi kwamagunya asekuhlaleni namashishini. Kwimvumelwano, ngaphezu kwedatha jikelele, ulwazi olulandelayo lufanele lube khona:

1. Isihloko sesithuba.
2. Udidi lwabantu abafakwe kuyo imisebenzi yekota.
3. Iingcebiso zonyango kunye noluntu kunye neemfuno zokucoceka nococeko kwiirhulm kunye neemeko zokuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi.
4. Imithombo yokuxhasa imali.
5. Uxanduva lweqela elingazange lizalise izimo zomnqophiso.

Umyalelo kwiindawo zokusebenzela

Olu xwebhu lufanele lubonise idatha elandelayo:

• Inani leendawo ezigcinwe.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi, izikhundla, izakhono ngokuhambelana neshedyuli yabasebenzi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phantsi koBugcisa. 20 kuMthetho woKhuseleko loLuntu lwaBantu abakhubazekileyo, abaqeshi kufuneka benze i-reservations ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ngokukodwa, imisebenzi ecatshulwayo kufuneka yenziwe ngokuhambelana nemisebenzi efanelekileyo kakhulu ekutsaleni abemi abangakhuselekanga. Uluhlu olwamkelwe yiSigqibo esingu-150 ka-08.09.1993 luya kusetyenziswa njengesiseko. Ngenxa yokuba isabelo sichazwe minyaka yonke, umyalelo kufuneka uvunywe rhoqo emva kokugqitywa kwesivumelwano esilandelayo.

Cwangciso so ku sebenza

Imisebenzi ekhethekileyo ibizwayo, efuna amanyathelo angaphezulu ekulungiseni umsebenzi. Phakathi kwazo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zibandakanya ukulungelelaniswa kwezixhobo ezincedisayo kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko, izixhobo kunye nezobugcisa, ukubonelela ngeendlela ezifunekayo. Oku kubandakanyeka ngamakhono abantu ngabanye. Ngoko ke, isicwangciso semisebenzi enjalo kufuneka siphuhliswe kwaye sivunyiwe. Ukuqeshwa kwabasebenzi abakhubazekileyo beqela lokuqala kungafuna ukufakwa kweerampu, ukwandiswa kwezivulo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunesidingo sokuhlaziya kwakhona izindlu zangasese, ukubonelela ngamanyathelo angaphezulu kwibala lokupaka. Kweminye imiba, zonke iinkqubo zenziwa njengendawo yokuqeshwa ngokuqhelekileyo. Kwabakhubazekileyo, iqela lesi-3 (yokuqala okanye yesibini), ngokubhekiselele kubo bonke abanye abemi, nangayiphi na imeko, imimiselo ekhuselekileyo kufuneka yenziwe. Isicwangciso sifanele sichaze yonke imisebenzi, sibonise umhla wokugqibela wokusebenza kwabo kunye nabaxanduva. Uxwebhu kufuneka luqulethe ulwazi malunga nomthombo wemali.

Imiqathango yokuhanjiswa kolwazi

Ukunikezelwa kolwazi lwenziwa ngokwale fomu eyenziwa yinkonzo yomhlaba. Ikwasekwa ixesha elifanelekileyo apho kufuneka lenziwe khona. Ngokomzekelo, eSt. Petersburg, ulwazi kufuneka lunikezwe ngaphaya kwe-15 kwenyanga elandela inyanga yokunika ingxelo. Ifomu apho ulwazi lunikezwa luvunyiweyo yiKomiti yeNgqesho kunye neMisebenzi. KwiRostov-on-Don, ulwazi lunikezelwa kude kube ngumhla wesihlanu lwenyanga elandelayo kwinyanga yokunika ingxelo. Iintloko zamashishini eMoscow zithumela idatha nganye ngekota, kungekho ngenyanga.

Izigqibo kwiimithetho

Emva kokufunda isakhelo solawulo, sinokuthi oku okulandelayo:

1. Inhloko yenkampani, abasebenzi bayo abangaphezu kwe-30 yabantu, kufuneka banikeze imisebenzi yemisebenzi kwisilinganiso semali engama-4% enani labaqeshwa. Ukujikeleza kufuneka kwenziwe phantsi ukuya kwenani.
2. Ngabasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-100 abasebenzi, imisebenzi yecandelo ingadalwa ngabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umda. Abancinci akufanele bahlale ngaphezulu kwe-1% yenani leendawo zecota.

"Imali"

Ezi nkokeli ezingayithobeli ixabiso lihlawule umrhumo kwisabelomali somzi ngamnye umntu okhubazekile ngaphambi kwe-15 yeenyanga nganye. Ixabiso laso eMoscow lincinci. Unokuphepha ukuhlawula loo "ntlawulo". Ngokuqhelekileyo, umthetho awuyi kubeka uxanduva malunga nokukhanyela ukuzaliswa kweebhajethi. Ngokwe-Art. 5.42 I-AAO inokubeka ihlawuliso kulabo abenqaba ummi onokukhubazeka emsebenzini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlawulwa kweemali ezihlawulwayo kungaqokelelwa ngokukhawuleza. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umphathi, ongeke anikeze ulwazi oluyimfuneko ngexesha elifanelekileyo, unyanzelekile phantsi kobugcisa. 19.7 yoMthetho woLawulo.

Jikelele

Ngenyanga emva kokuba ubhaliso lombuso kwinkonzo yerhafu ibhizinisi libhaliswe kwiziko lesantengiso. Oku akudingeki ukuba abo babhalise kwiNgqesho yeNgxowa-mali. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukungabhaliswa kwerejista kwelinye lala mabhunga alinakukhupha intloko yombopheleleko wokuthobela iimfuno zomthetho. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka aphumeze ukuqeshwa kwabasebenzi abakhubazekile 2, kunye neyokuqala okanye yesithathu.

Udluliselwe kubasebenzi beentsapho

Ezinye iinkampani ezincinci ziqesha abo bathandekayo abakhubazekileyo. Kule meko, ezo zihlobo, ngokubanzi, awukwazi ukutyelela inkampani. Babeka intlawulo ethile, ngokuqhelekileyo umvuzo omncinci. Ngaloo ndlela, iimfuno zomthetho ziyabonwa, kwaye ulawulo, kwakhona, lugwema imfuneko yokuhlawula "intlawulo" yeengcaphuno ezingapheliyo. Njengomthetho, oku kuqhutyelwa kule mimandla apho ukuhlawulwa komntu ongavunyelwanga kwimeko yomhlali onokukhubazeka kungekho ngaphezu kwe-1 yomvuzo wenyanga.

Amacandelo ezinkampani ezinkulu

Ukuze ugweme imfuneko yokuhlawula abantu abakhubazekile abangasebenzi, amaqumrhu amavumelana nemibutho ekhethekileyo, intlalo kunye nokwenza inani elifanelekileyo labantu. Banelungelo lokufumana umvuzo omncinci. Ngako oko, akudingeki ukuba batyelele ishishini.

Ixesha eliphikisanayo

Ngokubhekiselele kwinqununu. 1, isigatshana sesi-2 seCandelo 24 loMthetho woKhuseleko loLuntu lwabantu abakhubazekileyo, ngumsebenzi womqeshi ukudala okanye ukwabela imisebenzi efanelekileyo kwisabelo. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini akufanele lenze uphando oluzimeleyo kubantu abanesidingo. Kule nto, kunokwenzeka ukuba intloko ilungele ukuqesha abantu abakhubazekileyo, kodwa izicelo zokuqeshwa ezivela ngokwazo, ukusuka kwiinqununu ezilawulayo okanye kwimibutho yoluntu azizange zenziwe ngexesha elidlulileyo. Kule meko, umqeshi akayikusola into yokuba inkampani yakhe ayihambisani neemfuno zomthetho. Nangona kunjalo, isiqingatha asiyi kudibana. Ngako oko, kukho izizathu zokuvela kweentlawulo ezifunekayo kubhajethi. Kuya kulandela ukuba injongo 'yomsebenzi' ayiyi kuxhomekeka kwizizathu zokuba abemi abakhubazekileyo baqeshwanga kwiindawo zendawo. Ngelo xesha, umqeshi akakwazi ukukhanyela umntu ofaka isicelo kuye ngenxa yokucinga ukuba esikhundleni sokumthuthela kumbuso, imali echanekileyo iya kuhlawulelwa kwibhajethi. Kule meko, umphathi uya kutshutshiswa phantsi koBugcisa. 5.42 yeKhowudi yoLawulo.

Ukuphendula ngokubhatala ngokungahlawulwanga neemfuno zerhafu

Ikhowudi yeRhafu ayiyikulawula lo mbandela kwaye ayinayo nayiphi na imiyalelo kule nto. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkcazo ezivela kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weSebe lokuqokelela kunye neRhafu eMoscow ngokuphendula kwisicelo esivela kwenye yabashishini. Ngokombono womzimba, ukuhlawulwa kommi wonke umntu onokukhubazeka kuyimvume eyenziwe yinkampani ngokungeneliso lweemeko zokucaphuna imisebenzi kubantu abafuna kakhulu ukhuseleko loluntu. Ngokumalunga nale nto, ezi ndleko aziqwalaselwanga xa zibala i-tax base phantsi kwepara 2 ye-Art. 270 NC.

Izithuba

Kwi-LLC 4 amaqela akhubazekile ama-2 aqeshwe. Umsebenzi wabo wobugcisa abawenzayo ekhaya. Kule nkalo, inkampani ayifuni ukuhlaziya imisebenzi. Umvuzo ngamnye ngamnye ngu-ruble 600. Ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu kuya kuba ngobugcisa. 218 I-NC 500 ruble. Ngokwe-Art. 239 Irhafu yentlalo ehlangeneyo ayihlawulwa. Ukutshintshela kwi-FIU kwenziwa ngezinga le-14%, inani lemali yomshuwalense ngu-0.2%. Kwi-accounting, i-accountant yenza izi zilandelayo:

Umhla wama-20 u-70 2400 р. Imivuzo yabasebenzi yabongezelelwa;

Db 20 Cd 69 I-Subc. "Ukubala kunye neFIU" 336 р. - iminikelo kwi-FIU;

Db 20 Cd 69 I-Subc. "Ukubalwa kweeprayimari ze-inshurensi" 2.88 iphe. - iipresimesi zomshuwalense ziyahlolwa.

Imali yeendleko ezirekhodiweyo yentlawulo yeenzuzo, iiruble ezingama-2738.88.

Ngaphansi koMthetho we-Federal No. 167, iminikelo ye-inshurensi yentlalo enyanzelekileyo ihlawulelwa kwiirhafu kwaye ngokuhambelana nenkqubo esekwe kuMthetho we-Federal No. 17. Kubaqeshwa abakhubazekileyo 1-3 gr. Inkokhelo i-60%.

Isiphelo

Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuDisemba 2011, iikontraka ezili-11 zeemvumelwano kunye namashishini zagqitywa phantsi kwenkqubo yokuqesha abantu abakhubazekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abayi-10,730 abakhubazekileyo babhalise kwilizwe. Kwabo, ngokulandelanayo, bebexhotyiswe ngokutsha, baxhotyiswe ngeendlela zobugcisa eziyimfuneko. Ngokubanzi, njengoko iinani libonisa, amaninzi amabhizinisi ahambelana neemfuno ezisemthethweni zomthetho.