Castle Palanok, Mukachevo: imbali, ilivo. Ukraine ezinika umdla zotyelelo

iinqaba aphakathi - oku inxalenye yebali, osoloko itsala kude we abahambi. Mhlawumbi, oku kubangelwe halo romance nembeko codes ezibe izidwangube azalwa Ages Aphakathi. Akukho nto ukuza kuthi ga ngexesha ibinzana elithi "knight lokwenyaniso," lisetyenziswa xa ethetha ngendoda abamthanda ngokwenene.

Namhlanje, malunga Ngaloo maxesha kunye nezenzo zabantu yenza imbali, ukhumbuza nje izakhiwo zobungangamela kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Castle Palanok (Mukachevo) - omnye wabo.

Transcarpathia

Ngokuba iintaba zeCarpath kangangeenkulungwane wabumba abantu ezizodwa original kangangokuba nenkalipho yakhe, ubuzwe nokuzinikela ukuze ukholo lwabo kaHomer.

Imbali Transcarpathia enxulumene ngonaphakade kunye nokuxubana, lowo weza apha waza nokuphuhlisa ilizwe kwasekuqaleni 1 amawaka. N. e. Njengoko ngabembi, baba abahlala Volyn kunye Prykarpattya. uqhagamshelo ngokomoya Genetic, etyalwe ngexesha lokusekwa Kievan Rus kunye lasungulwa njengelizwe omkhulu, wakwazi ukugcina hlanga nokwenziwa of Transcarpathia kunye neenkcubeko naye njengomphambukeli, phantsi kwempembelelo apho ku kudala.

3 kuphela eminyaka - ukusuka kwi-9 ukuya kwi-11. - it lilawulwa abathetheli Slavic waba Orthodox, kodwa ne-11 ne-13 leminyaka, la mazwe yaba yinxalenye yobukumkani Great Hungarian. Kwixesha elizayo, de kwinkulungwane ye-20, Transcarpathia kakhulu utshintsho amancinci feuds ezininzi kwaye utshintsho ukusuka ubukhosi omnye komnye. Ukusuka Hungarian ukuya Compostela-Volyn ulawulo, ngoko ke Turks and Habsburgs, emva amabutho Austria-Hungary neCzechoslovakia, yaye kuphela emva kokuba yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, le mimandla kwakhona babe Ukraine, baye bahlukana apho kangangeenkulungwane-10.

Namhlanje inqaba yamandulo Palanok (Mukachevo) abakhenkethi kuza bevela kulo lonke ihlabathi ukufumana imbali ukunyaniseka kolunye uhlanga, baye iingcambu zawo, inkcubeko kunye nokholo.

Mukachevo

Umhla ngqo umzi ayaziwa, kodwa ukukhankanywa okokuqala kubhalwe kuyo ifumaneka yemihla kunyaka 896. Indawo Mukachevo kuphumelele ukuba nokuxubana lowo waseka idolophu, hayi aba bokuqala ngubani na oyaziyo eyalo.

Settlement kwisayithi le dolophu kwasekwa kwiminyaka 40,000 eyadlulayo ngexesha Paleolithic. Njengokuba ixesha lihamba, ezinye izizwe wanyamalala, iqashiso labo lokupaka ngomhlaba, kodwa kwindawo enye, oku kulandelayo. Umzekelo, apha unako ukufumana ubungqina wobomi babantu ngongasekhoyo Paleolithic (kwiminyaka 3,000 eyadlulayo), Ibronzi (2000 BC. E.).

Njengoko ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nenkcubeko thaca apha. Entabeni Tupchiev wafumanisa inqaba Thracian (BC ngenkulungwane ye-10 ..), Yaye ekufutshane - Celtic Oppidum, bezinto zakudala baye bakwazi ukulandelela, xa izizwe Celtic abagxothiweyo zeCARP, athanda ukuyibeka embekweni yaye yathiywa entabeni.

Nantoni saphumelela ezinye izizwe nganye BC, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba Transcarpathia yaye yahluma kunye nezizwe Slavic, owathi kwiminyaka 700 kwewaka kuqala uhlanga olukhulu Rusich, obulawulwa Prince of Kiev. Le post, ngasendleleni, yaba unyulo, yaye abantu njengoko Prince abulawe ubukumkani, ngoko ukususa kuye.

I inqaba yokuqala eyenziwe ngomthi ukuvela apha phezu endulini Inqaba ngo-1086. Eli litye Mukachevo nqaba wabonakala kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-14. ukwakhiwa yayo ngokuyalelwa Charles Robert - IsiHungarian sasePoland, obufunyenwe xesha inqaba.

Namhlanje, Mukachevo (Ukraine, ummandla Transcarpathian) - kwiziko lesithili, ekumgama omalunga neekhilomitha amahlanu eHungary Slovakia ne-100 km ukusuka nomda eRomania kunye Poland.

Imbali ye nqaba

Njengesiqhelo, umhla ngqo zolwakhiwo nqaba apho, kodwa kwiirekhodi wathi ngo-1086, akazange kuphela avuthuze ukuhlasela, kodwa wahlala imikhosi kuphela elingoyiswayo Polovtsian Khan Kuteska kwinqaba iShushan. Xa yitshata 1321 ukhankanya ukuba kwingqwayi-ngqwayi inqaba khona igama Tomas.

Idatha zilandelayo 1352 zichaza nezinye kwingqwayi - Dej, lowo woyisa umkhosi Khan Atlamosha. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane 13 nele-14, inqaba ebeyinalo ohlanga Arpadovichey Ugric kunye Anjou, kodwa abenzi bemilingo yokwenene ezinqabeni ngokutsha in woxande olude ngokuphawulekayo entle kungenakugqithwa iqala mzuzu xa kubonakala umkhosi yokuqala.

Mukachevo nqaba waya iinkonzo Fedor Koryatovicha - ngozalelwe kuloo usapho yamandulo njengenkosana ka-Lithuanian Gediminas. Yena waphulukana nezinto zakhe ngexesha lemfazwe, 1 eyathatha ngo-1396 wamnika inqaba kwi wabahlali ebomini.

Nangona isakhiwo ludonga isikwere ezinde kunye nomjelo phambi kwabo. Fedor Koryatovych wakha phezu woxande olude ntaba, ezaba yokuhlala intsapho yakhe. Ngapha nangapha beendonga ezindala wakha iinqaba ezinamandla 9 m ububanzi kunye eludongeni ubukhulu kweemitha 2.5.

Ngowe-1401 le nqaba ebhinqe enzonzobila emhadini owomileyo, Exanda apho eludongeni ukuzithethelela-mitha ezilishumi. Ngaphakathi equleni bhotwe ongenamthetho abemi baso kusinda na, nasekuxinweni, hayi ubunzima lunxano. Castle Palanok (Mukachevo), ngokugqibeleleyo wayilondoloza ngayo imihla yethu. Oko akuyi kuchaphazela yokutshintsha ukusuka kwenye intsapho kuwabo, azazi kuqala okanye kwemfazwe yehlabathi yesibini. Kumaxesha Soviet kwakukho kwikholeji lezolimo, ukuze kwiiholo zawo neendonga ziye igcinwe ikwimeko entle, kwaye ngo-1960 Wavuleka imyuziyam.

Fedor Koryatovych

Eli nani kwezopolitiko abadumileyo ixesha sakhe, weza evela intsapho endala wohlobo ababeyazi ubukrelekrele elincomekayo kwaye ngumlinganiswa womelele, kodwa abanye ababhali-mbali baye ubukho ubuntu bakhe sibuzwa nalawo okuqala njengeenkcukacha yakhe imbi.

iikopi zamaxwebhu ezigcinwe abonisa ukuba le nqaba Palanok (Mukachevo) eneneni kugqithiselwa ingqesho ubomi Fedor Koryatovicha kunye esixekweni kunye namazwe ezikufutshane ukuya ku Justa. Nantoni na, kodwa ke ngesandla sakhe ukukhanya Inqaba Hill wabonakala ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, apho amawaka abantu ngoku kufika Transcarpathia.

Ukongeza enqabeni yomkhosi kunye Fyodor Koryatovych wakha ilayibrari wakha eMonastri, apho ke wangcwatywa emva kokufa kwakhe. Ngenxa kuye emzini Mukachevo yaba liziko inkcubeko kunye neyenkolo mmandla. Namhlanje engcwabeni olinene ukufumana, kodwa kwakusazeka ukuba ngenkulungwane ye-19, xa, endaweni ibandla ngamaplanga wabeka ilitye, ilitye wakhe lomelele. Apho uye kamva ayaziwa.

Ke kaloku, ngalo embhoxo ilitye lesikhumbuzo eyadini inqaba, sele ilivo yayo.

Inkcazelo nqaba

Ebudeni bexesha Fedor Koryatovych ebibanjelwe Transcarpathia, Mukachevo Castle (Idilesi :. Per Kurucz, 5) wafumana ifomu ukuba ngoku siyigcine.

Izidwangube, kwakhiwa:

• lock eliphezulu;
• izitshixo phakathi, nasezantsi;
• nodonga Uyalwa kunye umsele.

Kuba kokwakhiwa French weza kulungiselela ex-zokhuselo part-time lakhe abehla iinqaba Sebastien de Vauban, ngubani liphuhlise inkqubo ngoyaba le nqaba, wenze ukuba soyiswe. Kwezinye iindawo iindonga nqaba yafikelela leemitha 18 babulingana nesandla, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba ukumelana ekhoyo ngelo xesha iyagquma izixhobo.

Ngokubanzi, waba masimu-4, anikwa kwi Predvorotnyuyu, Lower, Aphakathi na- Upper Castle. kwinqanaba ngalinye lwalulude kunolunye enye kwaye iyunithi yokuzikhusela, ngoko ukuba amacandelo asezantsi wawa, le abavikeli kusithela phezulu ze sisinde nasekuxinweni.

Ngenkulungwane ye-14, njengoko ngoku, ukuze wangena enqabeni Palanok (Mukachevo, ukusebenza - ukususela 9.00 ukuya 18,00, ngaphandle -. Bp) kwaba kuphela kunokwenzeka kwi ibhulorho yamaplanga phezu icandwe, kuphela ngexesha wawuzaliswe ngamanzi kunye ezitsolo - Palanka, apho kuyo kwathiwa igama.

Kwintendelezo yokuqala enkulu wagcinwa enqabeni yawo. Kwaye kwakhona kwimiqolo - kunabo ephakamileyo, kokukhona umvuzo wafumana zomkhosi, bethwele inkonzo apho. Enye izakhiwo ezininzi ezimangalisayo i Upper Castle iqula weemitha ezili-75, awalibethayo ngqo waya entabeni ukuya Latorica River. Kuxhomekeka izinga umxholo wamanzi le ukuphuphuma kakuhle, ngoko ke uya kude phantsi kwaye kufuneka ukutsala ukufuma kude kubunzulu kuvuselele. Kodwa wasindisa abahlali kule singqingiwe njalo ke inqaba, omnye eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-3.

ilona Zrinyi

Ngelo xesha omnye enqabeni yomkhosi behlelo i Rakoczy endala Transylvanian ubudala, livela vlad Dracula 3. ubukhosi bawo walawula apha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-100. Ngaxa lithile anikwa yokusabela nokuxubana Transcarpathian, abangazange bafune ukuba amkele inkcubeko nenkolo zabahlaseli Turkish. Abantu abanjalo ibizwa ngokuba karutsu, kunye nabameli uhlanga yamandulo zakhokelela ngabo.

Ilona Zrinyi waba banentsomi ebomini bakhe. Umhlolokazi Ferenc Rakoczy ekhokelwa ukuziphendulela enqabeni ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni-mkhosi wakhe Habsburgs iqhubeke iminyaka emi-3. Yena yayidume ngobuhle obungaqhelekanga. Kukho banentsomi ukuba olwandulela zihlasele utshaba kwi nenekazi bangena iindonga ukuba bajonge ngamandla umkhosi kwi kweendonga zayo. Kweli nqanaba, kwabonwa yi-jikelele Austria, elungiselela amajoni ukuba ahlasele. Luvalo ujonga amabhinqa amahle, yena ithumele amajoni waza wathi wasebenzisa ukulwa kunye namajoni, kwaye ubuhle akayi kulwa.

Ukuba akukho ukungcatshwa bume lwangaphakathi lwe Ilona, ukufakela amanzi equleni, le nqaba ngoko ungaze up. Namhlanje, kule intokazi elinonokazi ufana ilitye enqabeni. Yena imi kunye nonyana wakhe kwenqaba, kunye nentloko eliyinkunzi ubukhosi ubamba ikrele esandleni sakhe.

Olu luphawu ukuba akazange waqubuda ukuza Habsburgs waza waqhubeka nomsebenzi kayise nonina. Apha kukho Palanok nqaba kunye nomnikazi wayo. In Mukachevo kwaye ke ngoko ngenkulungwane ye-19 kukho isi- umfazi owadala ibali wakhokela revolution. Wafa ngo-1703 kwaye ekuphumleni kwakhe uthuthu Kosice (Slovakia).

nqaba Legends

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Ukraine liyi ubuhle kunye yamandulo, kodwa ntsomi mhlawumbi ndawo abaninzi kangaka le nqaba Palanok.

Apha ze mihla esifana nabo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Umzekelo, kusembiwa iqula iliwa medium iye yabangela ukuba izinto ezihlekisayo mukachevtsev eli bali.

Amadoda kusembiwa iqula, imini ukumba, ababini, ezilishumi, yaye akukho manzi. Prince yonke imihla nomsindo uyabuza: "Uphi na amanzi?!" Kwaye lonke ixesha ukuphendula kuye: "nope" beva ngayo waza wagqiba ukufumana iimpawu. Weza ke umthetheli wathi ukuba ibhegi zegolide liya kukwenza oko kwi iqula osoloko amanzi. Yintoni ukwenza ntoni? Prince wavuma, conjured uMtyholi, amadoda ambiweyo, waza wabonakala amanzi.

Abangcolileyo eze ngenxa yomvuzo, yaye unika isikhulu ibhegi encinane zegolide, waza wathi kubungakanani, ke bengavumelani. Kucacile ukuba ukumba elide kunye Ukuhleka kunye basekuhlaleni abahlali udale ibali kuse emaphakadeni.

Kaloku, namhlanje enqabeni Palanok e Mukachevo - ilivo, ngokuba abantu beze apha ngamaphupha sizaliseke. Ngubani bokuqala bagqiba ukuba ilitye lesikhumbuzo Fedoru Koryatovichu ubonisa ngokukodwa ngomnwe emhlabeni, njengokuba kunjalo, besithi akukho nto wawenzelwe ukuba sibe lapha - ukuba ngaba uyayazi, kodwa namhlanje amawaka abantu babambelele kuye ngathi straw.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, abaninzi babo bathi umnqweno wabo babona ngokwenene kulo nyaka. Mhlawumbi ke kusebenza ukukholelwa ummangaliso, okanye nje emva kokuba umntu Isetyenziselwe velmozhny umnwe bawavale amehlo akhe, lahluma ezinqwenelekayo, ekugqibeleni waqala ukuba athathe amanye amanyathelo zokuphunyezwa kwayo.

Enoba oko, kodwa isimanga isebenza. Kucingeleka ukuba ilivo yaqala kubomi babafundi lazy kwake ibekwe ngaphakathi ezi ndonga selhoztehnikum. Isetyenziselwe umnwe watsala kuphela itikiti obengazi, kwaye ngoku izigidi abakhenkethi kuye ubamba into ahlebele banye.

Inqaba kule nkulungwane yama-20

Ukususela kwinkulungwane yama-20 Transcarpathia yaba Czech Republic, ilandelwe yi Hungary (inyama kude kube sekupheleni Second World War), wahlala ihleli, nangona phantsi kweliso yomnye umntu. Kule 50 apha bahlala College kunye nabafundi bayo babehlala enqabeni zangaphambili.

Kuphela ukusukela ngo-1989 iququzelela museum phakathi kweendonga zayo. Namhlanje yenye ikhonkco kwi yomqala ezinika e Western Ukraine ne Transcarpathia. Akumangalisi ukuba iindwendwe ezininzi kule ngingqi, ikakhulu nomdla kuloo nqaba, nto leyo abazidla ngako Mukachevo (nqaba Palanok). ixabiso nomnyango ngaphezulu kancinane engange-35., olukhenketho liya kuxabisa imali engange-300. umntu.

Apho kuyimfuneko, imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa bathwalwa ngaphandle, ngoko ilitye lesikhumbuzo elizukileyo imbali kunye lwezakhiwo ibukeka ziyafana ngemihla Fedor Koryatovicha. It iqukiwe kuluhlu "ezinika ezininzi babehambela Ukraine", yaye sifaneleka kakuhle. Apha, yonke into ephefumlayo imbali, ngoko enqabeni akukho off-lonyaka.

Kodwa ke yeyona ndawo owuthandayo honeymooners, వెర్షనింగ్ uBhalo ifoto lomtshato shoot. Oku kwenzeka ingakumbi ngexesha ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ku-Okthobha.

Museums & Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Namhlanje, kukho amagumbi ezivulekileyo kunye umboniso kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo,-veki iimvumi ukudlala, nengqokelela ngokubanzi abemi ubomi kunye nenkcubeko Transcarpathia izinto ngethuba elisusela kwi-12 ukuya kwinkulungwane yama-20. Kwelinye lamagumbi inikeza icons engamakhulu 16-19. Idla zinginginya iikonsathi neminyhadala, apho abathathi-nxaxheba babe ngokwawo ziindwendwe nqaba.

Ukuba umntu othile odiniweyo yokuvela, uyakhululeka yaye isidlo ku cafe, kwaye imibala imini yayidlala licace, ungenza kuhla aye izisele ezimnyama inqaba, ngoku ibekwe amagumbi okungcamlela, bezwe brand iwayini "Chizay".

Le nqaba Palanok kunokwenziwa ngaphandle sikhokelo, kodwa kuya kuba hambani nje kwiiholo bakhe cwaka neekhorido. Kuba abantu uthando ne ezi ndonga usenze amabali abo abo bahlala apha yaye babhala iintsomi ezimangalisayo ezinjalo.

Imbono evela iindonga inqaba - oku elinye ithuba lokuba ukonwabela ubuhle bobulali ukuba awukho. Inqaba ebusuku ukhangela Kuhle kakhulu.

Tours le nqaba

Tour e Transcarpathia - kuyinto indlela ethandwa kakhulu, kuba has konke:

• ezintabeni;
• emlanjeni;
• Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo multiple;
• umoya ococekileyo;
• abantu abanobubele;
• thandwayo inencasa kwaye isempilweni;
• iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisetyenzana yokukhangela apho ukwazi inxaxheba ndidlulayo;
• ezinkulu, ezintle, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - inqaba ngokwenene.

Amaxabiso kwezi Izakhiwo kusengqiqweni, mhlawumbi, ngoko kukho ukhenketho unyaka wonke kunye yokuhamba Bayisungula iimfihlelo namabali wesixeko Mukachevo kunye enqabeni yawo. lundwendwe ngalinye isixeko qiniseka ukuba ukuphosa ingqekembe umgca kukhubeka emthonjeni uze wenze umnqweno umva kwakhona ukuba eze apha. Ngesi sihlandlo, kukho nkqu bhalo zasekuhlaleni, yaye ukholiswa yona kwixesha sesigidi baya kukuxelela, kubalulekile ukubuza.