Cancer thyroid: kuphila Zingaphi? Uthethwano somdlavuza

Umhlaza isasazeke nawuphi na umbutho. Thyroid akuyona umnyinyiva. Ukuguqulwa iiseli epithelial glandular e umhlaza, icandelo labo olungalawulwayo igalelo kuphuhliso kwezifo ezisongela ubomi. Ukususela mathiriyeli kweli nqaku uza kufunda oko iimpawu zikhatshwa somhlaza lengqula, njengoko abantu unesifo enjalo, nokuba ungayinqanda njani le ngezifo.

Inkcazelo sifo

Le ndlala lengqula yinxalenye yenkqubo yonyango lomzimba. Njengezinye amalungu amaninzi, oko rhoqo kuvelisa iihomoni. Thyroxine kunye triiodothyronine banoxanduva lokulawula nokusebenza kwengqondo, ukutya, izinga ukuyilwa egazi.

Thyroid ndlala ibekwe kwindawo kwingqula. Nangona ubukhulu ayo, umzimba ubonwe kakuhle. umsebenzi wakhe olawula ingqondo yebhinqa. Umsebenzi ngaphezulu ndlala, hormone yebhinqa uvelisa ngaphantsi and vice versa.

Umhlaza thyroid yi ithumba, nto leyo ebegqwese wabumba iiseli zomzimba. Isifo ibonwa njengento ezinqabileyo kakhulu. Okubangela malunga-1% yazo zonke nangezilonda yingozi, yaye ngaphantsi kwe-0.5% yabantu bonke abafileyo.

Le izehlo Incopho busisigxina eneminyaka engama-45-60. Xa abantwana abafikisayo iye yahlangana olu hlobo lomhlaza. Umhlaza thyroid kwabasetyhini kwafunyaniswa ngaphezulu izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphezu koko abafana. Ebudaleni ikwandim, amadoda kungenzeka ukuba bagule bondlekile ngaphezu kweentanga zabo.

umhlaza thyroid libhekisela kwiqela yamathumba non-ndlongo. iminyaka Neoplasm ukuze ungabonakali ukukhula ubukhulu. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba isizathu sokuba ngoyaba kugula elinye ngonyango. iindlela Modern diagnostic kunceda ukuchonga Oncology kwi sikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso kwaye ngoko nangoko uqale unyango.

Types of Cancer Idlala

Le umzimba ithathwa ukuba ahluke ngokwenene. Ndlala uvelisa hormone ukuba zinoxanduva lokulawula iinkqubo zolawulo ezisisiseko emzimbeni womntu. iiseli ngamnye i uhlobo njengesiseko sophuhliso kweentlobo ezithile zomhlaza lengqula: papillary, follicular, anaplastic, medullary.

carcinoma Papillary yenza i-85% neoplasms amabi. Ithumba luphawulwa ukukhula kade kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwenye lobe emzimbeni. Ngowe-15% ezigulane babe nomhlaza lengqula mazwe. Indlela izigulane ezininzi abaphila unesifo onjalo kunzima ukutsho. ukubunjwa New kumphezulu wayo kukho ezininzi lunamaqoqo efana ingono. Ukuba uhlola ndlala kubantu abasempilweni ngokupheleleyo, 10% amatyala uyakwazi ukuchonga ngamathumba ezincinane. Abayi ukubonisa ngokwabo, kodwa maxa wambi ukufikelela ubukhulu yayintle, esifuna unyango ngoko nangoko.

carcinoma Follicular kugqalwa nethumba ixhaphakileyo elinobuhlungu wesibini endlaleni. Isifo amaninzi kubonakele kuloo mazwe apho kukho ukuswela iodine ekutyeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, nethumba alibandakanyi ngaphaya nobubovu lengqula, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha oko iyakhula nezinye izigqeba kwinkqubo. Nokuphathwa kwangethuba izigulane ezinomhlaza lulama.

carcinoma Anaplastic - oku uhlobo inqabile kakhulu ithumba, apho intsimbi ithe gqolo kuphuhliswa Nedlac cell yakhe. Balahlekelwa umsebenzi wabo wokuqala kwaye ukwabiwa kuphela. Neoplasm esibonakala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza wonke umzimba. I-ALS kwizigulana kwiimeko ezingaginyisi mathe, umhlaza lelibulalayo.

carcinoma Medullary yi-5% of neoplasms amabi, ngemvelo wendlala. Ithumba nga kuchaphazela ezalathelwe nkovu kunye nemiphunga. Isifo ihamba "olwandle", ukugungxula yobuso, kukwaphula esitulweni. umhlaza Medullary ngokuqhelekileyo labonwa abantu emva kweminyaka engama-45. Ukusuka kuchaphazela ngokulinganayo bobabini abasetyhini kunye namadoda. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba esi sifo njengelifa.

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela umhlaza lengqula

Izinto ezibangela le sifo singanyangekiyo nangoku echazwe ngokupheleleyo. Amagqirha zibiza izinto ezininzi kungandisa okunokwenzeka yokuphuhlisa ithumba.

1. radiation Radioactive. Uphando olwenziwa kwimimandla achaphazelekileyo iChernobyl isityalo samandla senyukliya lubonise ukuba emva dubulo, izehlo liye landa oluphindwe-15.
2. Radiation therapy. exposure elide kungabangela iingxaki lengqula eminyaka kamva. iiseli zomzimba athambekele ukuba izakhi ezahlukeneyo, ukukhula esebenzayo neyantlukwano.
3. nezici zamafa. Izazinzulu ziye zafumana sofuzo ethile, nto leyo sisasazwa kwezalamane ezisondeleyo kwaye unoxanduva lokuphuhlisa kwesi sifo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba emzimbeni phantse 100% siqinisekiso imbonakalo Oncology. Njengenyathelo lokuthintela emva lokufunyaniswa oogqirha singacebisi umsebenzi ukususa endlaleni.
4. Sebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
5. zeleka rhoqo. Ezinkulu omninzi yengqondo-iimvakalelo ngokungalunganga kuchaphazela iindlela umzimba womntu. Yeyona omzimba inoxanduva ukutshatyalaliswa yamathumba ngumhlaza.
6. Wazo.
7. Utshintsho hormone ngenxa nokukhulelwa okanye exesheni.

Indibaniso zizathu omnye okanye emininzi iquka somhlaza sifo. Oonobangela ezifumaneka ngexesha elifanelekileyo, likuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukhetho unyango ngezifo kakhulu ngempumelelo.

iimpawu

Le umzimba ifana ibhabhathane. Lowo yaba phezu phambi entanyeni wayisithelisa isikhumba, ukwenza lengqula kulula ebonakalayo.

Uphawu lokuqala lophuhliso Ithumba inkangeleko eziguqula encinane ingaba ngokwayo. It iyabonakala phantsi kwesikhumba, kwaye ufana induli encinci. Kumanqanaba okuqala esiludumbo ukuhamba ilinganiselwe, akukho kabi ibuhlungu. Njengoko esi sifo iqala yokonyuka ubukhulu kwaye babe ashinyeneyo ngakumbi.

Kufuneka aphakuzele Ukuba uzufumana urholela ezintanyeni inyanda enjalo. Seal abantu abaninzi, kodwa% 5 kuphela kwiimeko eli ithumba lomhlaza.

Olunye uphawu ingxaki ndlala ndlala nodes nkovu zidumbileyo entanyeni. Ngamanye amaxesha uphawu kuphela esi sifo. Kamva, nethumba ufumana ubukhulu obukhulu, nto leyo sikhatshwa umfanekiso clinical isici. Izigulane badla ezikhala imvakalelo iqhuma emqaleni, igwinya lembandezelo, efakwe entanyeni. Ezi mpawu zibonisa uphuhliso yamathumba. ngcembe Tywina uqalisa compress emphinjeni kunye noqhoqhoqho.

Izigaba zophuhliso yamathumba

Xa nasiphi na isifo uhlobo oncological amabakala ezine zophuhliso. Kulo mba akukho umhlaza Ngaphandle lengqula. Indlela izigulane ezininzi abaphila nesi sifo, uya kufunda kamva kweli nqaku izinto.

Ekumiseleni inqanaba lesi sifo gqirha ngokuqhelekileyo eqwalasela neoplasm imali, kwaye ubukho metastases. Ukudlulela - ithumba yesibini. It senziwa emva kokuba iiseli zomhlaza yandele kwamanye amalungu nge nkovu yangoku.

Inqanaba lokuqala sifo sizibonakalisa kukuvela ithumba elincinane nto gqitha capsule ndlala. Xa isigaba esilandelayo ukuyilwa yemfundo entsha, elonakalisileyo ndlala. Isigaba sesithathu ungachazwa ekufakeni itywina gland capsule. Iqala ukuba compress uqhoqhoqho nezihlunu ezingqongileyo, kuvela metastases. Xa ndlala lengqula yandiswa kakhulu ngobukhulu kwaye iba zokubhala, oko malunga Isigaba sesine zomhlaza.

Uthethwano somdlavuza

Ukuba zonke iimpawu zibonisa ithumba kwi nobubovu lengqula, kuyimfuneko ukuba utyelele i endocrinologist. Akukho mfuneko isicelo ngoko nangoko somdlavuza, ngokuba abasoloko ichazwe kweli nqaku, iimpawu zibonisa ukuba yobubi.

thethwano endocrinologist kudla luqala imibuzo yomguli, ukuchonga oonobangela ngezifo kunokwenzeka. Emva koko ingcali uqhuba uhlolo olubonakalayo. Ithumba zikwinqanaba eliqhubela kwisigaba lubonakale ngeliso lenyama.

Ngokutsho iziphumo zophando endocrinologist nga Ukuthelekelela phambi sifo nokuba bathumele ukuba yingcali kwezi mpawu - somdlavuza. Ukuze kucacisa uhlobo neoplasms uqobo kufuna ukuhlolwa eneenkcukacha.

Indlela ukuxilonga umhlaza lengqula?

Ukuze ukuchonga somhlaza sifo, izizathu uphuhliso yayo lufuna uviwo kakhulu diagnostic. Oku kuquka ndlala ultrasound, cytology, uvavanyo lwegazi, MRI.

Nge ultrasound uyakwazi ukubona ubungakanani kunye nendawo ngqo nethumba. I ekuthiwa uhlalutyo esinobubovu lengqula kuyimfuneko ukuchonga isiqulatho emzimbeni wayo egazini. uviwo Cytological kubandakanya ijwabu ithumba ukuvunwa ukufunda ngakumbi umbandela phantsi ngemicroscope.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zeemvavanyo somdlavuza lithethelela ukuba ikhosi unyango.

iinketho Treatment for umhlaza lengqula

Ngelishwa, unyango elondoloza umhlaza lengqula unokuvelisa ebunzimeni. Ngaphandle ke yamathumba kusekwangoko zophuhliso okubangelwa kungalingani hormone. Kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha bacebisa ukususwa le ndlala lengqula. Umhlaza iyakuvingca kuphuhliso yayo.

ubhaqo ngexesha ukuyilwa asuswe, lo gama kugcinwe igunya. Xa izalathisi eqolo igazi hormone therapy kubaguli Ukongezelela thyreostatics eyabelwe ( "carbimazole", "propitsil").

Ngaphambi kunye nasemva utyando ukususa ngamathumba kwizigulane Akuvunyelwe ilanga, tyelela solarium. Eyingozi ukukhanya ukuze andzise iingxaki sifo netyala.

Izigulane unesifo "umhlaza lengqula" ukusebenza kubandakanya hemithyroidectomy, okt ukususwa komyinge lomzimba, awalibethayo nethumba. Izigulane phantsi ubudala akusoloko ukudlulisa uqhaqho. Ngoko ke, kufuneka unyango siquka unyango kunye iodine.

uqikelelo oogqirha

I-ALS somhlaza lengqula into banethemba ngaphezulu kunabo kwezinye ezikhoyo zohlobo wolusu. Ngokomzekelo, xa izigulane abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45 nangaphantsi itywina volume ku-3 cm ithuba ophezulu bachache ngokupheleleyo. Xa izigulane abadala, i-ALS ayikho intle kangaka. Kakade ke, kukho okuninzi kuxhomekeke hlobo lomhlaza lengqula.

• Zingaphi izigulane ubomi kunye nefomu papillary zomhlaza? elingama iminyaka emihlanu kule meko 95-100%.
• Abantu carcinoma follicular yeSigaba 4, eli nani ayidluli 55%.
• Xa oogqirha umhlaza medullary ukunika unyango esichazayo 98% yezigulane. Ukuba isifo sele sikwinqanaba lokugqibela, eli nani kunzima kune-25%.
• Lubonakala ngokuba ALS ihlwempu umhlaza lengqula anaplastic. Emva kotyando asuse ithumba, izigulane lo unesifo kufa rhoqo kwisithuba sonyaka omnye emva kokuqinisekisa esi sifo.

Kungakhathaliseki indlela sifo kunye nqanaba yophuhliso lwayo kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba unyango ngexesha umnqweno angapheli ukuphila ukuvumela ukuba uwine naliphi ngezifo!