Imisebe, iintlobo zalo kwanobungozi kwabantu

radiation Radioactive yahlulwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukufana ephambili kukuba zonke eziphakamileyo-amandla, bonisa isiphumo bemvelo yeziphumo ionization, elandelwa ekudibaneni kwemichiza kwi yimibutho iiseli, zize ekufeni kwabo. ezingqondweni zethu musa ukuqonda ionizing radiation: musa kubona oko thina, musa kuva ningabi imiphumo emizimbeni yethu.

radiation Radioactive babandakanya icala kunye amasuntswana uncharged kunye ziluhlaza. Inani labantu lonke kudibana nazo yonke imihla. Eyokuqala i radiation ngasemva, nto leyo wenziwe inamacandelo amathathu:

- radiation cosmic uzayo Earth evela isithuba;

- imisebe izinto zokwakha atom zendalo, umoya namanzi;

- ionizing imisebe zizinto zendalo ezithe qatha imizimba yethu ngokutya namanzi, izicwili esisigxina yaye inokuqokelelana emzimbeni ubomi.

Man, koko, zibethwa radiation bethutyana, lisetyenziswa kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Kwezonyango, umzekelo, imitha ionizing isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kakhulu.

Imisebe neentlobo zayo

Ukuze akhusele ngempumelelo nxamnye radiation ionizing, kufuneka bazi kakuhle lweendidi nomhlaba wakhe. Yemisebe lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini eziphambili: umoya kunye corpuscular.

X-reyi kwaye g-radiation athethwa uluhlu olubanzi amaza, ukuba zilungiselelwe amaza erediyo, ukukhanya kunye yelanga eyingozi. Ahluke kuphela kwamaza. Ombala imfutshane kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, nezihlandlo liphezulu amaza kwi spectrum kwamaza kagesi bangamalungu radiation G- kunye X-ray. Nge kwamaza elifutshane, imitha energy ephakamileyo, kwakunye namandla umthondo.

Sun - umthombo we-X reyi ukuba ngokuyinxenye kwelifunekayo koMhlaba. Kananjalo eveliswa yi kwezinye izixhobo (kwizomelezi) ngenxa uxilongo kwizigulane.

Gamma ray ziveliswa reactions yenyukliya kunye kuwohloka radioactive izinto. Lula udlula emzimbeni womntu.

radiation Beta ibizwa ngokuba ukuhamba elektroni kunye positrons, amasuntswana zayo eziziziqalelo awunayo (electron) okanye (i) Intlawulo positive. Ukusuka ukubola radioactive of nuclei e athom kuvela kwaye othe waphuma ngoko. Ingangena phakathi umaleko amanzi kunye Ebubanzini 1-2 cm. Amasuntswana zokukhanya beta kwindawo baboniswa akhiwa ukutsha imitha, yaye xa ongena ebantwaneni kunye ukutya, amanzi kunye exposure umoya kwenzeka emzimbeni kwaye bukhokelela umonakalo radiation kakhulu.

Alpha radiation ibizwa ngokuba ukuhamba amasuntswana enzima ngokuqinisekileyo wasola ukuba inzima ngaphezu amasuntswana beta izihlandlo 7300. Ezi amasuntswana sele ukhutshiwe ngexesha ukubola ngezinto ezithile, kodwa ubuchule eliphezulu ionizing ukungena inyama yabantu ubunzulu encinane, echaphazela kuphela umphezulu esikhumbeni. iphepha Plain ukukhusela ngokuchasene neziphumo zazo.

Neutron - akukho kunjalo sithwele isigxina kwisuntswana,, xa kuyimfuneko likaxakeka, ukuba amandla eyomeleleyo engena. Ukusuka radiation neutron ukukhusela izinto eziqulathe hydrogen (iparafini, ene- polyethylene ephezulu).

imiphumela eziphilayo radiation

Onke amanyathelo okukhusela nxamnye ionization ifuthe, ngokusekelwe kulwazi iimpawu ezithile uhlobo radiation, amandla abo ezendeleyo.

Isiphumo radiation emzimbeni ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

• Ionizing imisebe singanyangekiyo kwi akukho titwa hi ndlela yoleyo. Dosimeters - luhlobo lwamaqumrhu ezongezelelweyo, ezo eyenzelwe kwimbono yokuba radiation.
• amanxeba olusekuhleni eluswini, umkhuhlane, obabuthandwa isifo radiation, musa kubonakala kwangoko, kodwa ke kuphela emva kwexesha elithile; yedosi yaveza Sithelisiwe.