Cancer isisu: iimpawu kunye nembonakalo imiqondiso yokuqala. Iindlela yonyango umhlaza abane esiswini

Umhlaza Isisu - oku sisifo esibi kakhulu luphawulwa phindo kwamalweyile ngendlela kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga. Le ezisemthethweni zoxilongo-phindwe eziliqela rhoqo olufunyanwa ngamadoda yaye emva kweminyaka engama-50. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ukuba indlela yokuphuhlisa umhlaza isisu (iimpawu kunye nembonakalo sifo usaqala) kwakunye noko unyango unikeza yesilungu.

Overview

Umhlaza Isisu - indawo isifo oncological endalo, nto leyo luphawulwa uphuhliso neoplasm amabi, le epithelium mucosal. Ithumba ukuze kwasekwa onke amalungu omzimba. Umngcipheko ukunyuka sifo kakhulu ngabantu, yaye abafazi emva kweminyaka engama-50. Njengoko kumbuzo lonikezelo geographical esi sifo, lo gama eRashiya esi sifo yesibini kuphela kwi-frequency une zonke ngamathumba amabi. Ngoko ke, malunga nowama-36 izigulane 100 amawaka abantu enempilo nganye. Le meko imbi kakhulu eJapan, yaseScandinavia naseBrazil.

Ngokutsho kweengcali, kule minyaka ingama-30 idluleyo, iimeko zatshintsha kakhulu. Oogqirha qaphela ukuhla kancinane izehlo lomhlaza. Umzekelo, eMelika, le ngezifo banesifo ngokwentelekiso kungafane (amatyala ezintlanu kuphela 100 000).

Namhlanje, izazinzulu ukuwuphumeza ukuba isisu Oncology esempilweni ngokupheleleyo ayikwazi kuvuka. Esi sifo isoloko landulelwa ekuthiwa nqanaba premalignant, xa utshintsho kubunjani weseli baphawula ngakwimida ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Kwi-avareji, le urhulumente ithatha-10 ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20.

Iimpawu zomhlaza esiswini kwi zigaba okuqala ukuze kubhidaniswe gastritis okanye isilonda. Ekuqaleni ukusekwa ithumba encinane. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko ukukhula ubungakanani, ukhule ubunzulu nobubanzi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sifo ibonisa njengoko sokugaya lokuphazamiseka. Ngenxa yoko, umntu uqala ukuba unciphise umzimba ngenxa kungekho sizathu. Zihluma udonga isisu, lo neoplasm asenokuqhubeka kwamanye amalungu (colon, pancreas).

Isifo luphawulwa imbonakalo yokuqala metastases (ukwahlukana of iiseli zomhlaza evela ithumba nokwanda agcina wonke umzimba). Bona kaninzi kuchaphazela ezalathelwe nkovu kunye zesibindi. Kwakhona kwinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo kusenokuquka imiphunga, amathambo, amaqanda isithuba peritoneum. Ngcembe ukutshintsha ukusebenza onke amalungu achaphazelekayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni.

Izizathu

Okwangoku, oonobangela ngqo engabangela uphuhliso sifo ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Iingcali yabelwa kuphela iseti izinto, isiphumo leyo kunye ukhokelele ekubeni kusekwe somhlaza.

• Igciwane Helicobacter Pylori. Oosonzuluwazi kudala kubonakele ukuba esi bacterium nako ukusinda ngokugqibeleleyo nje kuphela kwimeko asidi, kodwa ibe ngunobangela izilonda kunye gastritis. Njengoko kuboniswe yezonyango, ngamanye amaxesha angcakacileyo sifo zibe ngumhlaza. Helicobacter Pylori ngcembe deforms umzimba uxakaxa, zehydrochloric acid uqala ubetha udonga isisu engakhuselekanga, ebangela ukhukhuliseko ezininzi. Olu hlobo zizilonda kugqalwa imeko ebalaseleyo ngenxa yomphefumlo iiseli zomhlaza.
• imikhwa yokutya engekho mpilweni. Ukubakho kwi ezityiwa eqhotsiweyo, kutyetyiswa, okuneziqholo kunye nokutya ezinetyuwa izihlandlo eziliqela kwenyusa amathuba okuba nesifo somhlaza.
• Ukubakho kumzimba nitrate kunye nitrites. Oku kuthiwa ukuba ezi zinto zibe umsebenzi eliphezulu chemical. Baya uphazamise ingqibelelo eliqhelekileyo iiseli isifo esiswini kwaye ukungena zibe sisakhiwo zabo. Umthombo nitrate kunye nitrites kummandla welizwe lethu, njengoko umthetho, la nemifuno. Ngaphezu koko, iityuwa of oxide kunye ne-nitric acid kukuninzi eziqulathwe ezidliwayo, ezinye zamasi, icuba, utywala.
• nemikhwa emibi. Ngaphandle yokuba ethanol ngokwalo ukuze zenze iziselo ezinxilisayo nazo ngoku ngeedosi eziphezulu nitrate nitrites, neoplasms provocateur amabi. Izazinzulu lubonise ukuba okukhona umntu etshaya, kokukhona kubonakala ukuba iimpawu zomhlaza isisu kwakunye namathumbu ziya kuchongwa eselula.
• ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide iziyobisi. Nemithi, amachiza anti-ukudumba, corticosteroids - zonke ezi amayeza abe neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezibandakanya uphuhliso izilonda esiswini. Njengoko sisazi, oko etshintsha abe ithumba ngokwenene.
• Ukuboniswa kwezinto kwimitha.

Iqela ubungozi lukwaquka abantu utyebile, imbali yosapho kunye nezinye izifo oncological.

Ziziphi izifo ukuze ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza esiswini?

1. Igazi ngenxa vitamin B12 intswelo. Le vitamin idlala indima ngqo ekubunjweni ezininzi iiseli zomzimba.
2. polyp esiswini.
3. Ezinye iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela gastritis ezingapheliyo (ifom atrophic, isifo Menetrier kunye njalo njalo. D.).
4. isilonda esiswini. Ngokutsho kweengcali,-12% yale ngezifo kuphuhliswa zibe ngumhlaza esiswini.

Iimpawu kunye zimpawu zesifo

Esi sifo nisaqala zophuhliso, njengoko umgaqo akukho iimpawu ezithile. Isigulane Ungaziva udinwe lonke ixesha, sikhalaza ukukhathala nangokuba umzimba. Emva abadla ukudla isigulane angavela heartburn, imvakalelo ubunzima esiswini, nokuqunjelwa okanye ukungacoleki kokutya. Iimpawu umhlaza enjalo esiswini kwi zigaba ekuqaleni (photo ogulayo ingafunyanwa kwi ncwadi zonyango) kufuneka ibe isizathu sokuba afune iingcebiso zonyango.

zonke iimpawu ezintsha esinokubakho kunye ukuqhubela phambili ukukhula sifo kwethumba:

• Ukophulwa kwesitulo.
• Kabi kwindawo eliphezulu esiswini.
• Ukwanda Rapid.
• Ukwandisa ubungakanani esiswini.
• Iron-intswelo anemia.
• Ukugabha kunye negazi.

Zonke ezi mpawu zingasentla badla abonisa umhlaza esiswini. Iimpawu, ezibonisa zezifo azanelanga ukuqinisekisa uxilongo, njengoko zibonise enye ngezifo zesisu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana uphando olunzulu.

nokubekwa kwezifo

Ngokusekelwe koko iiseli asisiseko yamathumba, kukho ezi ntlobo zilandelayo umhlaza esiswini:

• Adenocarcinoma. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo kwesi sifo. Ithumba Ukwakheka lwenzeka ngenxa yezo seli ukuba ngqo unoxanduva lokuyila yencindi yomlomo.
• Leiomyosarcoma. Neoplasm ubunjwe kakhulu zeeseli kwezihlunu welungu.
• Lymphoma. Xa ingundoqo iiseli ithumba ezi nkovu.
• umhlaza obuphathekayo esiswini. Amafoto yale ngezifo ingabonwa kuphela iincwadi ezizodwa, njengokuba kubhaliwe kutyhilwa inqabile kakhulu.
• umhlaza Perstnevidnokletochny. Ukuqwalaselwa yamathumba ezinjalo phantsi neemicroscope utyhila Ukufana okukhoyo kunye khonkcweni ukuba isizathu sokuba igama layo. Kuba le fomu kwesi sifo iphawulwa ukwanda kokuziswa iiseli zophendlo lwezifo kunye Ukudlulela ekuqaleni.

Inqanaba lesi sifo

Namhlanje, iingcali kwemiqathango bahlule amanqanaba ezininzi zophuhliso sifo, ngenxa apho kunokwenzeka lokuhlela umhlaza esiswini. Iimpawu kunye kweempawu zesi sifo nisaqala zophuhliso isenokungafumaneki, nto leyo ebangela kubenzima kakhulu uphethwe yayo.

Igama elithi "kusinda seminyaka emihlanu-" lisetyenziswa ukuqikelela unyango lomhlaza. Ukuba emva kokuba unyango isigulana ubomi iminyaka 5, kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa esempilweni. Loo isigulane indenzele ithuba elihle ukuba akasayi uya kujongana nalo olu hlobo lomhlaza.

ukusinda Ngokubanzi kule sifo, Ngokwezibalo,-20% kuzo zonke izigulane. Le pesenti isezantsi kakhulu wachaza uxilongo kamva sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko nganye ngamnye kodwa, nokuba lokuqala sifo okanye isisu umhlaza kunye metastases degrees 4. Indlela abantu abaninzi baphila nale unesifo kuxhomekeke ikakhulu unyango ngexesha elililo yaye athobele zonke iingcebiso ugqirha.

• Zero sigaba. Kweli nqanaba lenkqubo zophendlo lwezifo inxaxheba kuphela isifo esiswini. Treatment eyenziwa utyando endoscopic. Ngowe-90% ezigulane ukubuyisa ngokupheleleyo.
• Isigaba sokuqala. Ithumba ingena nzulu isifo, ukwakha metastases kwiindawo nkovu ngeenxa esiswini. Nokuphathwa kwangethuba okuba kwe parameter recovery ukusuka kuma-60 ukuya kuma-80%.
• Isigaba sesibini. Neoplasm kuchaphazela kuphela ijwabu kwezihlunu. ngonyaka-Five ukusinda ngenxa zokufumanis isifo yi-56%.
• Isigaba sesithathu. iiseli yezifo ukugqobhoza udonga umzimba, iindawo nkovu wambetha ngokupheleleyo. Xa uye waxilongwa "umhlaza isisu, Isigaba 3" elilindelekileyo Ubomi ephantsi (15 abantu ezilikhulu baphile iminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu).
• Isigaba sesine. Umhlaza ungena ngokunzulu nje kuphela organ ngokwayo, kodwa metastasizes kwamanye amalungu omzimba (nepancreas, isibindi, amaqanda, emiphungeni). Kule fomu yokugula efunyaniswe ene-80% yezigulane. iminyaka kunjalo, amathuba ukuze baphile ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu abantu abahlanu kuphela ngaphandle kwekhulu.

Iingcali zithi kwanokuba unyango olupheleleyo lomhlaza alukho kuzo zonke iimeko kukho nesimo sengqondo esihle. Eyona nto kukuba esi sifo umkhwa ibuye, nto leyo kunqabile kuphela lupheliswe yi uqhaqho ngokuphindaphindiweyo. ubhaqo kade sifo kwilizwe lethu kuchazwe kakhulu nje. Okokuqala, oogqirha abaninzi kolwazi eli candelo amayeza, ngexesha ukuqinisekisa esi sifo. Okwesibini, izigulane kakhulu kwexesha ukufuna uncedo, umzekelo, xa uphethwe "umhlaza isisu, Isigaba 3". Bangaphi bahlala izigulane ezinjalo? Kakade ke, khathaleli impilo yabo iquka kuqikellelo ezimbi.

ekuxilongweni

Unyango kuba nempumelelo kuphela xa oyingcali nisaqala zomhlaza isisu ingaqinisekisa. Iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo kufuneka yaziswe ube isizathu sokuba ufuna icebiso kugqirha, a gastroenterologist.

Namhlanje, indlela engundoqo yokufunda leengxaki kugqalwa gastroscopy (endoscopy). Ngexesha lale nkqubo, ugqirha ivavanye nemeko ngokubanzi umzimba uxakaxa, eyenza ibe biopsy iindawo ekrokrisayo. iimviwo Histological umbandela ifunyenwe ukuba ukujonga uhlobo nangezilonda (yingozi / ebubonisayo). Maxa wambi olunye amisiweyo:

• iimviwo X-ray lokugaya.
• ultrasound esiswini.
• CT.
• Uhlalutyo ezinto igazi ngenxa kwegazi.

unyango

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba boyise umhlaza esiswini? Ezabonakala yamathumba yingozi, metastases, ubungakanani nangezilonda, iqondo kokuhluma kwiindawo ezikufutshane - zonke ezi zinto becala amisele amaqhinga kongenelelo zonyango. amayeza Modern unika iindlela ezi-yonyango ngezifo ezifana: Ukususwa ithumba ngokusebenzisa kotyando, ichemotherapy kunye nonyango radiation. qhinga Specific unyango ukhethe kugqirha emva zoviwo ezipheleleyo malunga nesigulane eso.

Kwimeko loxilongo yokuqala nethumba (zero okanye kwinqanaba lokuqala), xa kungekho metastases basenokuyigqiba Ukusikwa nethumba ngumhlaza. Ngexesha kotyando, ugqirha lisusa inxalenye udonga isisu, izicwili ezikufutshane kunye zamanzi.

therapy Imitha Kucetyiswa ukunqanda ukukhula iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani thumba ngokwayo. Ngokuthi kusetyenziswe amachiza kuyimfuneko ukubhenela uphethwe "umhlaza esiswini metastases degrees 4." Indlela izigulane ezininzi ephila emva kwekhosi yonyango, bathi kanye, ngelishwa, akakwazi. Amaxesha amaninzi, oogqirha amisele kwemitha ichemotherapy kunye nokukhuthaza ifuthe emihle.

yokudla

Kakade ke, lo unesifo bayakhuthazwa ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kukhathalelo ngqo nje kuphela, kodwa ukutya yonke imihla. Iingcali ukucebisa ukuphepha iimveliso ezisegumbini nokwakhiwa nitrate. Eyona nto kukuba ezi izinto bayakwazi ukuvuselela ibe nitrites kunye nefomu nitrosamines. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, kaninzi oku bekwenza njengoko oyena nobangela zomhlaza isisu. Ukwenziwa nitrosamines ingathintelwa kubathengi rhoqo yeemveliso iivithamini antioxidant C no E. Ngaphezu koko, lo ukutya imihla isigulane kunye kwesifo enjalo kufuneka zibandakanye ukutya kunye index Glycemic ephantsi. Ukudla ezinjalo zifunxe kancinci, inceda ukugcina inqanaba eswekile yegazi izinzile.

Eli nqaku sele ikuluhlu iindlela ezingundoqo ukuxilonga njani umhlaza isisu kwi usaqala. Xa ugqirha wakho yaqinisekisa phambi isifo kwaye unyango olufanelekileyo, nanku umbuzo, njani ukuba adle. Ezityiwa isigulane kufuneka ibe elungelelanisiweyo aneevithamini. Kuyanconywa ukuba sidle iziqhamo kunye nemifuno (kukhethwa ekrwada), inyama yenkukhu kunye nentlanzi ezinqinileyo (protein source).

Uyiyeke yonke okunamafutha kunye neziqhamo ukutya, iilekese kunye ehla, uwela phantsi ban inyama ebomvu. Xa isivumelwano ugqirha bangagxothwa ezityiwa yetyuwa. Eyona nto kukuba tu kukuninzi kunegalelo nokusekwa izilonda ezindongeni sele buthathaka ngenxa unyango isisu.

Ipredikshini kunye nokuthintela

umhlaza isisu (ifoto kwesi sifo izigulana thaca kweli nqaku) Amaxesha amaninzi kwafunyaniswa kwibakala esinganyangekiyo unalo ithumba. Kuphela-40% oogqirha ukuchonga ithumba apho kukho amathuba okuba unyango ngempumelelo sase-. Apha sithetha ngayo esi sifo usaqala ngaphandle metastases. Fast ngokuba sifo kuqhelekile kakhulu lokufunyaniswa "umhlaza isisu, Stage 3". Iminyaka yokuphila kwezi zigulane kunye nemeko yazo jikelele musa ayahluka kulawo kwimeko kwisigaba sesine esi sifo. Kuzo zombini iimeko, i-ALS kwizigulana ulihlwempu kakhulu.

unyango Surgical kunye iindlela ezahlukeneyo unyango anticancer inika seminyaka emihlanu-ukusinda ka-12% yezigulane. Ukuba iimpawu zomhlaza isisu kwi zigaba okuqala ibonwe izigulane ngokwabo, yaye ngoko nangoko wafuna uncedo evela kugqirha, kuyanda elingama-70%.

Ngokuphathelele umba yothintelo, iingcali ngoku Siyaleza ngamandla unyango ngexesha zonke izigulo, indlela yokuphila esempilweni nidle okulungileyo. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuba ukuphelisa imikhwa emibi, kunye ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ulwamkelo amayeza.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba namhlanje ngakumbi yaye ngokufuthi ngakumbi unesifo somhlaza isisu. Iimpawu kunye kweempawu zesi sifo kufuneka ibe ngunobangela kokubonisana yincutshe. I ngaphambili ugqirha uza kuqinisekisa ngezifo kwaye amisele unyango olufanelekileyo, ngcono okuba a abane kakuhle. ixesha elilahlekileyo, okanye ukunqongophala ingqalelo kabani umzimba wakhe zidla ubomi umntu.