Bromine amanzi - isisombululo zolwelo of bromine

amanzi bromine bungxengwe bromo ngamanzi. Yayo zibalo abasabela lidla ebhalwe ifomula - Br2, nangona na isisombululo xa ngomxube asidi ezimbini - HBrO (hypobromous acid) kunye HBr (hydrobromic acid). Le ezimbaxa sele umbala omthubi--orenji kunye qhwa iphantsi kakhulu. It is a oxidant eyomeleleyo olukwaziyo phantsi kweemeko alkali ze oxidize iyatshi- ezinjalo ngesinyithi - Kr ^+3, MN ^{+3, Fe-phinde ngo 2,} Co ^{₊ 2,} Ni ^+3. Ukudibanisa Br ₂ kunciphisa ixabiso le-pH (pH), ngenxa amanzi bromine iqulethe ezamahala acid.

Le into afana esebenzayo, nto leyo zisenokuxabana zombini izinto ezingaphiliyo organic. Cinga ezinye iinkqubo imichiza kunye compound elinikiweyo.

amanzi kombala bromine inika indlela esemgangathweni kubo bonke hydrocarbon ezihluthiyo. Ukwenza oku experiment kufuna imali encinane na alkene okanye alkyne oxutywe kwityhubhu uvavanyo _nge-2 Br. Ngeli indlela nokongeza athom bromine kwindawo bond komsipha kabini okanye kathathu. Yokuduka i-yellow-orange umbala kule ukusabela kububungqina ethathwa hydrocarbon unsaturation.

Le imichiza reaction "phenol - amanzi bromine" lisetyenziswa kwenze ukusuka iikhompawundi isisombululo bromo. Ukuba intsebenziswano kwezinto lwenziwe phantsi kweemeko anhydrous, ukuyilwa tribromophenol luya kuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ngoko ke, njengokuba ngumnxibelelanisi, imali encinci H ₂ O.

amanzi bromine zaselebhu ilungiswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1 ml bromine zafakwa ml 250 zamanzi Yek, ngelixa ukukhwezela ngokuzimisela. Isisombululo uzilungiselele elondolozwe ku a kwizikhongozeli sivalisisekile ngalo lonke ixesha ngeglasi emnyama. Ukuba Zilungiselele Br ₂ agcinwe ekukhanyeni okanye ukukhanya iselwa, chavelela oxygen kuya kwenzeka ngenxa okubhalwe hypobromous acid. Umsebenzi ukulungiselela reagent oluqhutywa a hood yimisi. Ekubeni bromine ngokwayo inetyhefu, kwaye iqulathe amanzi bromine, kuyimfuneko ukuba babenonophelo xa ukusebenza kuyo.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo yokuba yadibana Br ₂ ukuya isikhumba kubonakala silume kakhulu, kwaye exposure elide izilonda. Ukuba into engena eluswini, kufuneka zohlanjwa ngamanzi, yaye emva koko sodium carbonate. Xa umphezulu ngenxeba enkulu okanye ukwenzakala yinto engenabunzulu sangaphandle waluqaba Ukongezelela ngamafutha, ebandakanya NaHCO _3.

amanzi bromine sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali kunye kuyondelelaniswe kweemveliso organic. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekuvelisweni amachiza bromine-equlethe. Kwaye apha kuyimfuneko ukuba silumke, ngokuba ukusebenzisa kwabo zinde kunokukhokelela izifo - bromism. The main Iimpawu - silale, ukudinwa, irhashalala. Kuba ukususwa ngokukhawuleza of ion bromine kumzimba itye kunye nomxholo ityuwa eliphezulu nenala othululwayo. Okuninzi amanzi bromine isetyenziswa kwizigaba eziphakathi kwe retardants Imveliso - izinto ezikhusela ulungelelwaniso of ignitions. Bathi buzane amalaphu, iinkuni, izinto zokwakha.