Biography ka Raisa Gorbachev. Gorbacheva Raisa Maksimovna: ubuzwe, intsapho, inyaniso ebomini

Ngo-1999, umfazi wokuqala nookugqibela wase-USSR waphela. Lo wayengumfazi womongameli kuphela waseSoviet, kwaye ngokufanayo uNobhala Jikelele weKomiti ePhambili, uRaisa Gorbachev. I-biography, ubuzwe, imfundo-konke oku kwaziwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezisemthethweni kwaye kungekhona imithombo. Umfazi weNtloko kaRhulumente wayephantsi kwexesha elide elisoloko elisoloko lijongene noluntu. Izambatho zakhe nendlela yokuthetha zaxoxwa ngazo kwiikhikhithali zeendawo zokuhlala zabemi abaqhelekileyo, kunye nangaphandle kwamandla.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

Inkosikazi kaMongameli yayithandwa ngabantu abaninzi. Izibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo ezingabonakaliyo, izibonakaliso kunye nesibonakaliso sobuso besinikezwa ngokungaqinisekanga kuMikhail Sergeyevich ngumntu onamahloni, owanelisekile ngesabelo sakhe. Oku kwaqondwa yiingcaphephe zengqondo, kwaye nje abantu bahlala ixesha elide ukuba baqonde abantu kwizinga elincinci. Kwaye umongameli ngokwakhe, unobhala-jikelele, wavuma ukuba uRaisa Gorbacheva wayengowesifazane oqinileyo. I-biografi yakhe isebenza njengesiqiniseko seengcamango malunga nesimo esingaphantsi komyeni kwintsapho yabo. Iqabane alizange lixhomekeke kwisiqingatha sakhe sesibini, wayefuna ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe kunye nokuzinyamekela, nangona wayeqonda ukuba ngexesha elithile kwakufuneka ukuba anikezele, mhlawumbi ukuze afumaneke ngakumbi emva koko. Wayenomngcipheko, ngokwengxenye, ngokubhekiselele kubantu abaye bamazi, baze bathethelele kwaye banqabise, kwaye ezi zimpawu zomntu azibonakalisi, ngakumbi umfazi. Iimpawu zobuntu zikaRaisa Gorbacheva, iimbali zakhe kunye neemeko ezininzi zexesha elizayo, uthetha bhetele kunabo bonke ababaziyo malunga neempawu zobuntu balo mbambano.

Izihlobo

Ngaphambi kokuba abe nguGrbabav, uRaisa Maksimovna wayegqoka igama lesi-Ukraine iTitarenko. Utatomkhulu kumgca ozala - Andrei Filippovich - wakhonza kwesoliwe, wakwazi ukuhlala entolongweni (iminyaka emine). Olunye ukhokho, ngokwemama wakhe, iParade kaPeter Stepanovich, wadutshulwa kwiTrotskyism kwaye walahlwa kwimizi yokufama. Umkakhe, ugogo kaRaisa, wafa ngokufa kwendlala. Kwakungenxa yokuba lo utata wayengathandi ubukhosi baseSoviet. Ngubani onokuzibonela ukuba uRaisa Gorbacheva uya kuba ngumfazi wenkokheli yokugqibela yeSoviet Union? I-biography yezihlobo zakhe zinokuchaphazela kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe kwiminyaka kaStalin. Kwaye kwiminyaka emashumi ezayo, ayiyi kuxela into enhle (ukutshutshisa umkhulu wayekwazi ukuhlaziywa kuphela ngo-1988, xa uMikhail Sergeyevich wayephethe lonke ilizwe iminyaka emithathu). Kodwa umzukulu wehlazo likaTrotskyite wakwazi ukubhalisa kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow State, athole idiploma yefilosofi (uMarxist-Leninist, yintoni enye) kunye nokukhusela ngakumbi i-thesis. Eli nqaku lifanelwe icandelo elikhethekileyo.

Ukudibanisa kunye nesayensi yazo zonke i-science

Isihloko somsebenzi wesayensi malunga nokubunjwa kwezinto ezintsha zobomi beefama kunye nokusekelwe kwizinto eziqokelelwa kwiStatro Territory ngenxa yocwaningo oluthile loluntu. Indawo ekhethekileyo kuyo yayihlala kwindawo yowesifazane, ongumfazi waseSoviet. Umsebenzi uphathelene neenkqubo zokuguqulwa ezenzeka kwiingcinga zabasebenzi abanzi ngokubanzi ngenxa yokutshintsha kwehlabathi okwenzeka emva kokusinda kwe-Oktobha. Ukuguqulwa kweenguqu ebomini bemihlaba, indlela yokuphila kunye nokucinga ngexesha leenguqu kwiimeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho zilandelwa. Kwaye konke oku kuhambelana nokukhula kwenkcubeko yenkcubeko yabalimi abahlangeneyo kwiimeko zeRashiya zentlalo yanamhlanje. Umsebenzi onjalo ozukileyo wavikelwa ngo-1967 nguGrbachev Raisa Maksimovna. I-biography yakhe njengososayensi ovelele yaqhutyelwa njengeminyaka engama-20 yokufundisa. Kwiiyunivesithi ezimbini zeStavropol (i-medina kunye ne-selhoz) wafunda ifilosofi yaseLarxist-Leninist kunye neentlalo. Abafundi babememeza, kwaye ukuba omnye wabo wazama ukukhohlisa isithuba kwaye afumane ukuvavanywa kolunye utitshala oqaphelisayo, ngoko ukuhlawula kuye kulindeleke ukuba kuviwo lwelizwe. Kwaye ungalindelanga ukuxolelwa, awuyi kufumana ngaphezulu "boa", i-renegade.

Kodwa kuya kuba kamva. Kwaye ngoxa uRaisa Titarenko ngokwakhe ungumfundi ...

Ukuqhelana neGrbachev kunye nomtshato

U-Misha Raya wadibana nehostele kwenye indawo kwiminyaka emashumi amahlanu. Wafunda umyalelo, umkhwenkwe owakhathazekayo wawungacingwa, kodwa kwakukho into eyayikhetha umfundi waseGolbachev phakathi kwabo bonke abanye. Mhlawumbi kwakukho ukutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza, okanye uTitarenko wabamba umlingiswa ophilileyo kwaye onobumnene, kodwa inyaniso ihlala. Ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba 1953, emva kweminyaka emininzi yokuthandana, lo mbhangqwana wenza ubuhlobo kwi-ofisi ye-registry. Umtshato wawudlalwa kwi-stool yokutya kwihostele e-Stromynka, yaye kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba kwakungenanto engcolileyo. Ngaloo ndlela i-biographie kaRaisa Gorbachev, yaguqula igama lakhe waza wayeka ukuba nguTitarenko.

Esi sibini safuna ukuba nomntwana ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngo-1954 kwakungenakwenzeka kwizizathu zonyango. Intombi ka-Irina yavela emva kweminyaka emithathu.

Stavropol

Emva kokuba umfundi waseYunivesithi uGrbachev ufumene i-ofisi yomtshutshisi wesixeko saseStvropol. Ngelo xesha, umfazi wakhe osemncinci wayesele efundela isikolo (wenza kwaye waphumelela eyunivesithi ngonyaka), kwaye ngubani owaziyo, unokuthi ubhale umsebenzi ovelele wezenzululwazi kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambili, kodwa ezi zicwangciso kufuneka zihlehliswe, ukuba ziyimfuneko. Kwiofisi yomtshutshisi wesithili, uMikhail akazange asebenze ixesha elide, iintsuku ezilishumi, emva koko waba ngumsebenzi waseKomsomol, waza wakhululwa, kwi-krai. Isebe loxinzelelo kunye neeparaghe, iphini isebe leSebe. Igosa elincinane lijoyina iqela eyunivesithi. Kwakungekho lula, abafundi babemkela ngokungafuniyo kwi-CPSU - isabelo sincinci, kodwa umsebenzi kwifama ehlangeneyo njengomncedisi womxube kunye kunye nomyalelo ofunyenweyo ngenxa yegalelo. Emva koko, unobhala-jikelele wexesha elizayo akazange abuyele emsebenzini wezandla, ngokugqithiseleyo ngakumbi kwiinkcazo.

I-Stavropol biography kaRaisa Gorbachev, njengoko wayecinga ukuba, akulula. Indlu yaqeshwa, ke bafumana amagumbi amabini ukusuka kwikomiti yesithili kwidolophu. Ukusebenza kwi-specialty kwakungekho, kwaye kwafuneka ndifundise kuluntu "Ulwazi" (linye yezona zihloko ezidumeleyo ezazikhona malunga nokuba kukho ubomi ku-Mars). Ngoko ke, kunjalo, kwakukho isikhala kwiziko kunye nomnye umsebenzi wesikhathi esithile. Umsebenzi wezesayensi nawo waqala.

Enyanisweni, kwimeko enokuthobeka kwikomidi yesithili saseKomsomol yanikezela inzuzo. Amagumbi amabini afanayo kunye nokufundiswa komfazi wakhe kwakungeke kube lula ukuyifumana kwiinjineli eziqhelekileyo.

UMongameli wokuqala we-Edge

Kwiminyaka xa umyeni wakhe ebenomsebenzi, wafikelela kwinobhala wokuqala wekomiti yengingqi yaseStvropol, waza wambamba ixesha elide, i-biography kaRaisa Gorbacheva ayizange ibonakale iqulethe nantoni na inomdla, kodwa i-logic elula ikuvumela ukuba ubuyisele umfanekiso ngokuqinisekileyo. Wafundisa isayensi yezenhlalakahle kumaziko, abaphathi bakhe abasemgangathweni, besoyika ingqumbo yomlingane ophezulu okanye ukufuna inceba yakhe, ngokuqinisekileyo wamvumela amaninzi amaninzi angenasiphelo njengomsebenzi wokulibaziseka okanye ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, kunye nabalingane (ingakumbi abasetyhini) baxubusha ngokutsha izinto zakhe ezintsha. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho indlela ekhethekileyo yokuthetha-yokwakha kunye ne-verbose kwaye ngokuyininzi iyancipha, ngokunxulumene nabantu, iminyaka eyadala kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iphakamileyo ngokwengqiqo, ihlekisiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo (nangona kunjalo).

Ngozuko lobuqaqawuli

Ukuphosa ngokukhawuleza eMoscow kunye nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwekhabhinethi enkulu ezweni, eyenziwe ngumyeni wakhe, ibonakalise zonke iimpawu zomlingani we-first lady of the USSR - kokubili okuhle kwaye akunjalo. Apha uRaisa Maksimovna Gorbachev waphenduka kuyo yonke inkazimulo yakhe, i-biographie yakhe yaveliswa ngeenyaniso ezintsha, zikholisa izinto ezimbi kwaye ziqhayisa. Ukudalwa kweemali ezithile zenkcubeko, iinkqubo zoncedo, iqela elithi "igama lami", elikhuthaza ukukhula kwendima yabasetyhini (ngokuthe ngqo kwi-thesis), kunye noluntu oluphezulu, lubonakaliswe kwihlabathi lonke, kunye neyokuqala kwabo bonke abantu baseSoviet, umnqweno wokuzibonakalisa, kunye nexesha ngalinye elitsha Izambatho ezintle.

Akunakulungi ukusho, izixhobo zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo, ezingazange ziphangiwe ngamaqebunga angaphandle kwaye zingaqhelekanga kwindlela yaseNtshonalanga yokuziphatha "yindoda yokuqala", yayingathandi kakhulu. Baye bengayazi yonke into ... Kodwa iWest, i-American, isiFrentshi kunye namaJamani, yayivuyiswa yindlela engathandabuzekiyo yokuchitha imali kuma-shop of brand names. Esi sibini sabangela ukunqwenela ukufana kwabo kwabangaphandle.

Iminyaka edluleyo kunye neentsuku

Ngomnyaka we-1991, ngethuba lokukhutshwa kunye nokwakheka kwintsapho yaseGorbachev eForos dacha, uRaisa Maksimovna wayeziphatha ngesibindi nangesidima, nangona kwakungelula kuye. Ufumene amandla okuxhasa umyeni wakhe, obonakala ngokucacileyo, wawa phantsi. Emva kokuwa kwe-USSR, uMikhail Sergeyevich wayefuna ukubuyela kwezobupolitiko aze afake phambili ukugqweswa kwakhe kumongameli, nangona izichaso zomfazi wakhe, owazi ukungaziboni kwenzame. Kubalulekile ukushiya kakuhle, kungekhona ukuhluleka kuphelile (ngoko, ngokucacileyo, wacinga uRaisa Gorbachev).

Esi sifo samfumana ngokungalindelekanga. Ingaba ngaba ngumphumo we-radiation efunyenwe ngexesha leemvavanyo ze-Semipalatinsk, okanye ngaba iziphumo ezibulalayo zeChernobyl zithintekile? Okanye mhlawumbi inkqubo ye-nervous ayikwazi ukuma umthwalo? Akukho mntu uya kuphendula lo mbuzo ngoku. Isifo se-oncological sifaka indawo yokugqibela ebalini elibizwa ngokuthi "uRaisa Gorbachev. Biography ». Iminyaka yobomi (1932-1999) isitampu kwisigxina, sithetha ixesha lokuhlala kwakhe emhlabeni, kodwa ngaba unokuthetha malunga nalo wesifazane ongavamile?