Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha. Le ukufunda nokubhala we umbhali

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich kufuneka akukho intshayelelo. Lo mbhali enkulu wemidlalo eyaziwa kwihlabathi liphela. Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha thaca kweli nqaku.

umbhali Origin

Bulgakov M. A. wazalwa Meyi 3, 1891 eyayiseKiev. Abazali bakhe zizifundiswa. Umama wakhe wasebenza utitshala progymnasium Karachai. Utata wam wayengumfundisi (umfanekiso wakhe ezinikwe apha ngentla). Emva kokuphumelela Kiev Theological Academy, waza wasebenza kuyo, kwakunye namanye amaziko emfundo. Ngowe-1893 Athanasius Bulgakov waba kumhloli karhulumente yengingqi Kiev. yemisebenzi yakhe ihlanganisa kuhlolwa imisebenzi abhalwe ngeelwimi zasemzini. Entsatsheni, ngaphandle kukaMikayeli, waba nabantwana abahlanu.

ithuba loqeqesho, umsebenzi kwizibhedlele endle

Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe iinkcukacha omkhulu umbhali Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich, biography. Uluhlu kwemihla ezinxulumene nobomi bakhe, hayi kuphela ukunceda abo ebekwe ukuze ufumane imvelaphi umsebenzi wakhe aze aqonde awohluke yehlabathi lakhe wangaphakathi. Ngoko ke sicebisa ukuba ufunde ibhayografi eneenkcukacha.

Umbhali elizayo wafundiswa Alexander First Gymnasium. umgangatho wemfundo kweli esikolweni aphezulu kakhulu. Ngowe-1909, uMnu uMikhail wangena kwiYunivesithi Kiev, emva koko kwakumele ukuba abe gqirha. Ngowe-1914 leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Emva kokuphumelela University ngowe-1916, Bulgakov wasebenza kwizibhedlele entsimini (e Kamenetz-Podolsk, yaye emva kwethutyana - Cherepovets). U wakhumbula ukusuka ngaphambili ngoSeptemba 1916, Bulgakov waba yintloko Nikolskaya kwisibhedlele zasemaphandleni ibekwe apha kwiphondo ESmolensk. Emva konyaka, ngowe-1917, Bulgakov watshintshelwa Vyazma. Njengoko yasekwa ngowe-1926, "Amanqaku ugqirha oselula" kubonakala eli xesha ebomini bakhe. Ophambili womsebenzi yi ugqirha abanetalente, umsebenzi ngenxa yezazela zabo. Xa ngeemeko ezibonakala ithemba uyasindisa izigulane. UTshawe ocaphukileyo kakhulu xa imeko enzima zemali abalimi abangafundanga abahlala emizaneni ESmolensk. Noko ke, uyaqonda ukuba akakwazi ukutshintsha nto.

Revolution okumiselwe Bulgakov

ubomi oqhelekileyo Bulgakov yophule Februwari revolution. Bulgakov uye wabonakalisa isimo sakhe kuyo sincoko wakhe 1923 "Kyïv-City". Waphawula ukuba "ngequbuliso ishwangusha 'revolution" kwafika ibali. "

Ekupheleni -Oktobha Revolution Bulgakov wakhululwa emkhosini. Wabuyela lweenkobe eKiev wakhe, leyo, ngelishwa, wathinjwa ngokukhawuleza yi yiJamani. Apha uMnu uMikhail waziphosa maelstrom kweMfazwe Civil. Bulgakov waba ngugqirha elungileyo kakhulu, kutheni iinkonzo zakhe kufunwa omabini. Ugqirha Young kuyo nayiphi na imeko wahlala ethembekile iminqweno zobuntu. Ngokuthe ngcembe ikhula nobudenge umphefumlo wakhe. Wayengakwazi nazigqibo unya omhlophe kunye Petliura. Emva koko, la mazwi abonakala inoveli Bulgakov kaThixo "I-White Guard" ngokunjalo amabali akhe, "Night kule nombolo wesithathu," "Raid" kunye nemidlalo "Flight 'yaye' Days of turbines."

Bulgakov ngokunyaniseka wenziwe umsebenzi kagqirha. Ebudeni inkonzo, kwafuneka ke ukuba ube lingqina unwitting ukuya zolwaphulo ezenziwa ekupheleni kuka-1919 e-Vladikavkaz. Bulgakov akazange afune ukuba bazibandakanye ngakumbi emfazweni. Wayishiya ezintlwini yomkhosi Denikin ekuqaleni 1920

La manqaku kuqala kunye namabali

Ke ndagqiba ekubeni akukho amayeza yokusebenza elide Mihail Afanasevich I Bulgakov. biography emfutshane lisaqhubeka ukusebenza njenge intatheli. Waqalisa ukubhala amanqaku ukuba yapapashwa kumaphephandaba afundwa kule ngingqi. Ibali lakhe lokuqala Bulgakov kugqitywa ekwindla ka-1919 wadala amanqaku aliqela satirical, inani yamabali That ebusika. Kolunye kuzo, kuthiwa "unikelo ukuba sibe nokwazisa," Bulgakov ubalisa ibali kukungafani street esenzeka Kiev ngexesha revolution kunye War Civil.

Udlala sidalwe Vladikavkaz

Ngaphambi nje kokuba abamhlophe ngasekhohlo Vladikavkaz, relapsing umkhuhlane wagula Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov. biography Emfutshane kuye eli xesha kakhulu kakhulu. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1920 yena wachacha. Noko ke, amajoni Red Army nakungena kuwo umzi lo, yaye Bulgakov ayikwazanga thutha, efana kakhulu. Kwafuneka ngandlel 'ukuba kwakhiwe ubudlelwane kunye omtsha. Waza waqala ukuba basebenzisane kunye nekomiti olululo, kwi-Sub-Division of Arts. Bulgakov wadala iziqwenga kuba Ingush kunye troupes Ossetian. Le misebenzi ibonisa imibono yakhe phezu revolution. Le ukuphazamiseka yaba siphila ixesha elifutshane, ebhalwe ngokuyintloko ukukhula kwiimeko ezinzima. Xa inoveli Bulgakov kaThixo "Amanqaku phezu cuffs" yabonisa okuvelayo bakhe Vladikavkaz.

Ukufudukela eMoscow, imisebenzi ezintsha

E Tiflis, kwaza ke esikhundleni Batumi ndiza uMikhail Bulgakov. ngobomi bakhe, ke, wathabatha indlela eyahlukileyo. Bulgakov wayesazi ukuba indawo walencwadi lixesha elinzima eli lizwe - kufutshane ebantwini. Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha ngowe-1921 kwaphawula kuthuthelwa eMoscow. inqaku lakhe entwasahlobo ka-1922 esipapashwe rhoqo kumaphepha iimagazini namaphephandaba aloo mzi. Izincoko kunye nencwadana satirical yabonisa iimpawu eziphambili iminyaka yobomi post-revolution. Eyona nto ephambili uvuthondaba Bulgakov ri "silugwebu nep" (ngamanye amagama, izityebi-nepmen entsha). Apha kubalulekile ukuqaphela inoveli ezifana Bulgakov njenge "Cup of Life" yaye "Trillioner". Kananjalo yena amalungu anomdla oluntu kunye nenqanaba eliphantsi inkcubeko. Labarhwebi Bazaar, abemi besixeko yokuhlala eMoscow, bureaucrats kunye namanye amagosa, Noko ke, uMnu uMikhail waza wabona isenzeko esitsha kweli lizwe. Ngenxa yoko, xa isincoko mnye, echaza isimilo izinto ezintsha ebusweni yenkwenkwe yesikolo umntu ohamba brand nangxowa yamphako omtsha esitratweni.

Ibali "I Fatal Amaqanda" kunye neempawu bobuchule 1920

Ibali "I Fatal Amaqanda" Bulgakov lwapapashwa ngo-1924 Kuthatha indawo an kufutshane elizayo wentelekelelo - ngo-1928 Ngeli xesha iziphumo nep baba sele zibonakala. Ngokukodwa, umgangatho wokuphila liye landa kakhulu (kwinoveli, leyo wadalwa yi uMikhail Bulgakov). Biography yombhali akathwali abazana iinkcukacha kunye nomsebenzi wakhe; kodwa iyelenqe imisebenzi "amaqanda Fatal" kusekho balisa a nutshell. Professor yeepesika wenza ubhaqo ebalulekileyo kungaba yinzuzo enkulu kulo lonke uluntu. Nangona kunjalo, ezandleni, semi-abafundileyo abantu abanekratshi, abameli kukhal omtsha ixhaphake phantsi War nobuKomanisi, kwaye kule minyaka le nep ukomeleza indawo yayo, kodwa ukubhaqwa ntlekele. Phantse zonke abalinganiswa amabali Bulgakov, wadala ngo-1920, asilele. Xa imisebenzi yakhe, umbhali ufuna ukubonisa ukuba umfundi ingcamango yokuba uluntu akukho ukulungele ukuba basebenzise iindlela ezintsha ubudlelwane ezisekelwe ekuhlonipheni ulwazi nenkcubeko, umsebenzi onzima.

"Running 'yaye' Days of turbines"

Xa efeza Bulgakov kaThixo "Flight" yaye "Days of turbines" (1925-28 gg.) Bulgakov wabonisa ukuba zizifundiswa nobutshaba bonke abasemagunyeni, owaphumelela enye ngexesha leMfazwe Civil. Amaqhawe le misebenzi abameli imifuziselo kuthiwa-"zizifundiswa ezintsha". Okokuqala, ukuba mhlawumbi uyiqaphele indlela Revolution okanye walwa nayo. MA Bulgakov ngokwakhe ibhekisa lo maleko entsha. Lo wathi enoburharha kwinqaku osemqoka osihloko sithi "Capital encwadini." Kuyo, waphawula ukuba koongqondo entsha, "yentsimbi '. Kuyinto olukwazi, nibanqunqe iinkuni, ifenitshala emikhombeni, ukuba benze i-X-ray. Bulgakov waphawula ukuba ukholelwa ukuba uya kusinda, aziyi kupheliswa.

Ukuhlaselwa Bulgakov, Stalin Up

Ndimele ndithi Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich (biography kunye nomsebenzi wakhe ukuqinisekisa oku) kusoloko basabela ngobuthathaka kutshintsho kuluntu eSoviet. Wacaphuka gqitha ngokoyisa kokusesikweni, akakholelwa ukugwetyelwa amanyathelo ezithile. Kodwa Bulgakov Ndandisoloko ndikholelwa mntu. Naye ukhathazekile yaye babethandabuza abalinganiswa bakhe. Ukugxekwa waqonda kahle. Ukuhlaselwa Bulgakov yaseBougainville 1929 Zonke edlalwa zakhe ziye ngaphandle yaba nkulu ye yeqonga. Kanye imeko enzima, uMnu uMikhail wanyanzeleka ukuba ukubhala ileta kuRhulumente kunye isicelo ukuya kwamanye amazwe. Emva koko, lo ngobomi Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha yabalasela isiganeko esibalulekileyo. Ngowe-1930, Bulgakov wawongwa ubizo Stalin ngokwakhe. Isiphumo sale ncoko yaba ukuqeshwa uMikhail Marynich kwisikhundla sokuba ngumlawuli kumgadi-baviwa oncedisayo xa le Moscow Art Theatre. Kwakhona wabonakala neziveliso yeqonga edlalwa zakhe. Emva kwexesha elithile, wadala nokudlalisa nokusindlekwa "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" yabalasela ngumbhali njengoko Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich, biography. ubomi bakhe ezibonakala ukuphucula. Noko ke, bonke kwakungelula kangaka ...

Bulgakov - umbhali enga

Nangona ukusekelwa yangaphandle Stalin eendaba yiSoviet emva 1927 akubangakho umsebenzi owodwa uMikhail Bulgakov, ngaphandle indinyana umdlalo "Baleka" ( "Seventh Phupha") ngo-1932 kunye nokuguqulwa Moliere kaThixo "ekumnikeni" ngo-1938 Case ukuba Bulgakov yaqukwa kuluhlu lwe ababhali ezivaliweyo.

Yiyiphi enye into ngobomi ephawulekayo Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha? Ngokufutshane xelela ngayo akukho lula, kuba ubomi bakhe yabalasela iziganeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kunye namanqaku anika umdla. Kuthiwa, phezu kwazo zonke iingxaki, umbhali akazange acinge ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo. Nkqu kwithuba zinzima (1929-30.), Ndiphantse ezingazange zize kule ingcinga yokushiywa. Kwenye yeeleta zakhe Bulgakov wavuma ukuba ayikho enye indawo, ngaphandle yiSoviet Union, akunakwenzeka, ngokuba walirhola ukhanyidelo ngayo iminyaka elishumi elinanye.

I inoveli "INkosi noMargarita"

Bulgakov ngo-1933, wazama ukupapasha umsebenzi wakhe "The Life of Monsieur de Moliere" kwi "Ukuphila Kwabantu Iyamangalisa" series. Noko ke, kwakhona akuphumelelanga. Emva koko, akayi kuphinda azame ukupapasha indalo zabo de ekufeni kwakhe. Umbhali enikelwe ngokupheleleyo kuye ekuyilweni inoveli "INkosi noMargarita". Lo msebenzi mpumelelo wakhe omkhulu, kwakunye enye imisebenzi emihle iincwadi Russian kunye zehlabathi zenkulungwane yama-20. kwiminyaka elishumi yobomi bakhe Bulgakov wamnika umsebenzi kuyo. Ingcamango "INkosi noMargarita" Kweza kuye kwi-1920 njengelinge ukutolikwa yentanda bezobugcisa koqobo yobusoshiyali. Umbhali ingqalelo iinguqulelo asiphumelelanga yokuqala imveliso. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, uMnu uMikhail libuyela kubalinganiswa, ulinganisa iingxabano amatsha kunye nemifanekiso. Kuphela ngowe-1932, iye yafumana kwisiqwenga hetiseka lo msebenzi, nombhali eyaziwa bonke (Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov).

biography ngokupheleleyo Bulgakov ibandakanya ingqalelo ukubaluleka komsebenzi wakhe. Ngoko ke ndithi ngaloo nto.

indalo Value Bulgakov

Ebonisa ukuba intshukumo White ngeke aphumelele, ukuba koongqondo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuya Reds (i inoveli "I-White Guard", umdlalo "Flight 'yaye' Days of turbines"), ukuba uluntu usengozini, ukuba kwezenkcubeko ukuziphatha umntu kade unelungelo lokubeka abanye intando yakhe ( "intliziyo Dog"), uMnu uMikhail bebone leyo ifakiwe kwinkqubo lwamaxabiso yesizwe kwilizwe lethu.

Yiyiphi enye into ebangel 'umdla Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich? Biography, izibakala umdla enxulumene nayo, kwakunye nomsebenzi wakhe - on yonke neziza kuba neempawu iintlungu loo mntu. njalo le imvakalelo edibene Bulgakov njengoko ezihlangwini izithethe zoncwadi Russian kunye nehlabathi. Mr uMikhail wathabatha kuphela iincwadi ebonisa ukubandezeleka amaqhawe ngokwenene. Nobuntu yaba engundoqo ezizinzululwazi imisebenzi Bulgakov. A ongumyeni yale zobuntu isondele readers dear ngamaxesha onke.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela Bulgakov zange uziva ukuba ubomi yakhe yokudala iye yonakaliswa. Nangona yokuba waqhubeka ukudala ngenkuthalo, Bulgakov imisebenzi beluwe abafundi lwanamhlanje. Kwalo phantsi Bulgakov. isifo sakhe saba sibi, nisingise ekufeni ekuqaleni. Bulgakov wafa eMoscow ngoMatshi 10, 1940 ngoku biography epheleleyo Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe engafiyo. iintsalela yombhali sangcwatywa kwi Novodevichy Amangcwaba.

Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha, isishwankathelo kweli nqaku, sinethemba, ukuba unqwenela ukuba uqhelane kunye nomsebenzi wakhe. Imisebenzi yale umbhali umdla yaye kubaluleke gqitha, ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo kubalulekile ukufunda. UMikhail Bulgakov, engobomi kunye nobuchule ezithi kufundwe esikolweni - omnye wababhali ezinkulu Russian.