Benzyl Utywala: Properties, Ukulungiselela, isicelo

alkoholi enuka - homologues yebhenzina okunye, kwi ngokugqibeleleyo apho atom hydrogen luthathelwa hydroxy. Okwangoku, ishishini isiqhumiso isoloko kakhulu kusetyenziswa benzyl utywala. Formula umchiza amelwe amasalela olukhulu utywala kunye benzene (phenyl) - S6N5SN2ON. alkoholi enuka ebonakala isomerism olukhulu iqela chain icala kunye nokubekwa - KOWU kwikhonkco hydrocarbon. Utywala asisininzi amatyala, enikwe igama engenamsebenzi.

Benzyl utywala: iindlela zokuhamba

alkoholi enuka kwi imeko free zisasazwa kwindalo. Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba zifumaneka kwi-oyile ezibalulekileyo. Benzyl kotywala kuhlelwe ukusuka homologues benzene halogenated, apho halogen yenzelwe kwitsheyini ecaleni. Ezi alkoholi ziyahluka ukusuka phenols ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ngenxa yokuba kuthiwa iipropati emuncu. Benzyl utywala kwakhona zingafumaneka nakwizinto zendalo ekrwada, equlethe esters. Emva koko, ngaloo ndlela ndiwazuze kufunxwa kunye alkoholi enuka kamnandi. alkoholi enuka basondelene kakhulu alkoholi aliphatic: yintshukumo alkoxides zesinyithi kwealkali ukwakha; yi igcwala, ngokuxhomekeke isakhiwo, oko aguqulwa kwi aldehydes ahambelanayo okanye ketones; Kulula ukuba glycol ifomu kunye esters.

Iipropati Physical ye-alkoholi

Abameli lokuqala thotho homologous ye-alkoholi acyclic - ulwelo, kwaye alkoholi ephezulu - eziqinileyo. homologs Okokuqala (methanol, ethanol, propanol) abe livumba utywala, eliphakathi (isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanol, hexanol) - oyile fusel, ngaphezulu - akukho ivumba. Alkoholi babe eliphezulu abilayo, nto leyo ehambisana kunye umbutho molekyuli kusetyenziswa iintambo hydrogen. Uninzi lwezi kunye nezinye iipropati physico-chemical alkoholi yahluka kunye ukwandisa ubunzima eziphilayo.

Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo into yokuba utywala yenguqu ukusuka kulwelo ukuya karhulumente sukube (at ukubilisa) waphula iqhina hydrogen. Le eyingozi Ukunciphisa spectrum kukho band kummandla 150-200 NM. X-reyi kwaye electron diffraction kunokwenzeka ukuba ukujonga engile nokuhlangana nonlinear C-C-N ka-110 ° 25 '. Njengoko ngokuba alkoholi enuka kamnandi, ngoko ke luphawulwa iipropati efanayo naleyo alkoholi acyclic. Ezi zinto zaneleyo okanye enyibilikayo emanzini, elungileyo - organic izinyibilikisi. Iqondo eliphezulu kakhulu kunokuba arene ahambelanayo. Kukufakwa band kwi spectra yelanga infrared efanayo alkoholi aliphatic.

Iipropati lwemichiza alkoholi elimnandi

Ezi zinto kufuneka iipropati yemichiza efanayo njengoko alkoholi aliphatic. Zakha alkoxides, glycol kunye esters, halogenated ezisetsheyinini ecaleni, kwaye xa igcwala - ketones, aldehydes, kunye asidi enuka kamnandi. Ngaphezu koko, ezi alkoholi unakho ukubonisa iipropati arenes. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze basabele isiqalo benzenovogo - halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, kunye hydrogenation, njl

Benzyl utywala - eqinileyo, ezinyibilikayo kakhulu ethanol, kakubi - emanzini, linyibilike kwi 15,3 ° C, amathumba kwi 205,8 ° C. Izimasekile haydrolisis yayo-alkali ze benzyl chloride ngokuhlanganisa benzaldehyde kunye formaldehyde ebusweni sodium hayidroksayidi, ezinye neeoli ezixabisekileyo kunye balms zendalo. Esetyenziswa ivumba, lock ivumba, isinyibilikisi kwishishini aqhumisele ngayo.

Beta-phenylethyl utywala - eqinileyo inyibilika kwi-27 ° C nezilonda apha 222 ° C, enyibilikayo ethanol. Okubandakanywe pink, clove-oyile ezibalulekileyo. Oku esetyenziswa into enuka kamnandi, leyo ivumba rose. Kwakhona, into esetyenziswa kwi isiqhumiso kunye nokutya mveliso.

utywala Cinnamic - eqinileyo inyibilika kwi-33 ° C, enyibilikayo ethanol lula. Linemali ikakhulu ngokohlobo glycol e-oyile ezibalulekileyo, nentlaka esiqholiweyo, balsams. into enuka kamnandi ne eseshumi ivumba isetyenziswa kushishino isiqhumiso, kwaye njengokuba izinto ekrwada ukuba Yindibanisela ezininzi izinto odorous.