B12-deficiency anemia: iimpawu, izinto, unyango

B12-deficiency anemia - isifo kunokuba yingozi, nto leyo ehambisana ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ukuyilwa igazi eziqhelekileyo ezenzeka sizoku lwisana cobalamin ukunqongophala emzimbeni. Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi abanomdla imibuzo malunga nokuba yintoni Imiba phantsi kweempembelelo kwegazi ephelekwa iimpawu kunye nendlela sifo.

Yintoni isifo?

Enyanisweni, B12-deficiency anemia uyaziwa ngokwemigaqo ezahlukeneyo - okanye pertsinioznaya megabloblastnaya anemia, igazi amanyala kunye Addison kaThixo izifo-Birmera. Esi sifo ihamba lancipha inani iiseli ezibomvu, apho kungenxa ukuswela ivithamin B12 (cyanocobalamin). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ethe-ethe kakhulu yokushokoxeka le nto nje isakhiwo umongo wethambo, kodwa ijwabu luvo, leyo, enyanisweni, yenza isifo yingozi kakhulu.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, izigulane abafunyenwe B12, folic acid ukunqongophala anemia, apho ukunqongophala bokugcinwa folic acid. Iimpawu zokuqala sifo iye yachazwa kuthelekiswa kutshanje - ngo-1855, ugqirha IsiNgesi T. Addison ndandiphanda ngesifo engaziwayo. Kwaye ngo-1926, abaphandi W. Murphy, J. Ziya noYohane. Minot kuphando lwabo lubonise ukuba ziqhubeka, ukuba uchwetheza kwizidlo yomguli kwesibindi ekrwada.

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela ivithamin B12 deficiency anemia

Ngoko nangoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kukho oonobangela ezininzi kolu hlobo kwegazi. ezinye zazo ezinxulumene endleleni yobomi, ngoxa abanye - kunye utshintsho emzimbeni.

• Okokuqala kufuneka ukhankanye ukuswela lesondlo ekuthiwa-, nto leyo ebangelwe inani elingonelanga vitamin emzimbeni kukutya. Umzekelo, oku ingaqala kwisiqalo lokuzila okanye vegeterianstva engqongqo. Xa usana, olu hlobo kwegazi waphawula xa kunokwenzeka ukuba umama oncancisayo uyala iimveliso zezilwanyana.
• Kwezinye izigulane kukho kukwaphula sokufunxa cyanocobalamin yesiqhelo.
• Oonobangela B12 deficiency anemia kunokuba ngenxa yokungabikho le nto kuthiwa-nofa Castle. Le into ezintsonkothileyo ezithile akhutshwayo isifo isisu, elidityaniswe cyanocobalamine kwaye inikeza ukufunxeka kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukunqongophala weli ezinokubangelwa kwezinye mgaqweni iziphene, ngokunjalo nezifo sokuhlasela. Ngaphezu koko, ukungabikho Castle into waphawula utshintsho xa ezahlukeneyo nenesakhiwo esiswini, ezifana gastritis, imisebenzi zotyando njalo njalo. D.
• Imiba yomngcipheko nako kubangelwa, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo utshintsho kubume yethishyu wamathumbu ukuba iqatshelwe phambi yamathumba, okanye ethe ngenxa resection zoqhaqho kwamathumbu.
• Sokufunxa wamathumbu umsebenzi zisenokwahluka phambi dysbiosis, apho ukwakheka microflora yatshintsha.
• Kwezinye iimeko, cyanocobalamin, ithe yaginywa kunye ukutya kwelifunekayo ezinye "abahlali" inkqubo yokucola ukutya, ezifana neentsholongwane okanye iintshulube izifo.
• Imiba yomngcipheko kungahlanganisa isibindi kunye nesifo sezintso kwakunye imvelaphi yazo sivame ukwanda ulwabiwo vitamin B12 okanye ukusetyenziswa kwayo ayigqitywanga.
• Ukunqongophala ukuze babe kwimeko kwezihlunu okanye amalungu ukufunxa kakhulu le vitamin. A meko efanayo emsebenzini, umzekelo, phambi nomhlaza likhula ngokukhawuleza. Imiba yomngcipheko ziquka utshintsho hormone ezinye iingxaki ezidalwe, kunye nezifo ezinxulumene nelahleko egazi esebenzayo abomvu.

Le Pathogenesis kwesifo

Njani B12-deficiency anemia? Le Pathogenesis kwesifo sihlobene ngqo kwimisebenzi engundoqo cyanocobalamin. Le vitamin ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo hematopoiesis. ukuswela yayo kukhokelela esaziwa ngokuba "megablastoz". Oko kukhatshwa beqokelela iintlobo ezininzi zegazi kunye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kwakunye intshabalalo yabo ngaphambi kwexesha kwi umongo wethambo.

Ukongeza, vitamin B12 i cofactor kwi reactions exchange engundoqo zibalulekile ngenxa yomphefumlo iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ivela eshotayo kwinkqubo yayo luvo ubunzima.

B12-deficiency anemia: iimpawu zesifo

sifo sikhatshwa ubunzima iimpawu, ezivame zidityaniswe zibe ngamaqela ezintathu.

Okokuqala, makhe sithethe syndrome zobuthathaka begazi lakho ukuvela nxamnye imvelaphi ukunciphisa ubungakanani iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ekuqaleni, izigulane akhalaze buthathaka kakhulu, ukudinwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwehla ekucebiseni yokusebenza. Njengoko esi sifo apho maxa wambi kuvela ukuduma kunye nesiyezi, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu waphela. abantu abagulayo kwakhona uqaphele ukuvela "Iimpukane 'phambi kwamehlo akhe. Iimpawu ze igazi nazo ziquka iyangongoza nentliziyo nephika kakhulu ngumphefumlo ezenzeka nkqu kuso nje emzimbeni. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho mnandi, ukuhlatywa iintlungu esifubeni.

Kakade ke, kukho intswelo vitamin eziqwalaselwa ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokwetyisa. Ngokukodwa, izigulane babone kukuhla kakhulu ukutya, yaye ngenxa yoko, umzimba umzimba. isicaphucaphu ophindayo kunye nokugabha nazo bazise ebomini bomntu obuninzi ngokuphazamiseka. Ukongeza, ezi ukunyhashwa esitulweni kunokwenzeka - amaninzi oko ukuqhina elide. uphawu kakhulu kwaye zithathwa Ukutshintsha ulwimi, ogama wayo mpuluswa kwaye lube nombala obomvu oqaqambileyo yaye maxa wambi ebomvu.

Kakade ke, oku lonke utshintsho ahambisana anemia B12 kaGawulayo. kuvela iimpawu kunye luvo. Kwindawo yokuqala kukho ekubulaleni luvo yoluvo. Izigulane ingxelo ukuluma kabi ezandleni nasezinyaweni, ngokunjalo ube okwethutyana. Kancane ukuba buthathaka kwezihlunu. utshintsho kancinane iqinelwa elifana neli ngokunxulumene kwanokuqi- imilenze - iba ezingazinzanga ngakumbi.

intswelo elide vitamin B12 kukhokelela mothuko spinal, uze emva koko ingqondo. Iimpawu onokugula okunjalo zinokohluka. Umzekelo, umonakalo imicu apha emqolo, kukhokelela kwilahleko ubuzaza - indoda akusekho uvakalelwa intlokoma ulusu (ngokufuthi kuchaphazela ulusu apha emilenzeni). Ezinye izigulane ukuphuhlisa yombono. Kodwa nochuku, utshintsho isimo lawuleki, ukuphazamiseka okuqonda imibala ukubonisa ukonakala kwengqondo. Xa engekho unyango, isigulane nagaxeleka ezilingweni isiqaqa.

Isifo

Kakade ke, kukho iinkqubo yokuhlelwa kwesi sifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba iyeza mihla B12-deficiency anemia unokuba kweentlobo ezimbini, kuxhomekeke oonobangela:

• Ifom ephambili esi sifo idla ezineempawu ezithile genetic eziphilayo. Kwakuyinto B12 kaGawulayo anemia ebantwaneni neentsana kwenzeka amaninzi.
• Ifom yesibini sifo senzeka sele kule nkqubo yokukhula kunye umphefumlo womntu, phantsi kwempembelelo imiba yokusingqongileyo zangaphandle okanye zangaphakathi.

isigaba anemia

Iimpawu eziphambili zale sifo baxhomekeke ngqo kwi nqanaba yophuhliso lwayo. Ubungqongqo imeko yomguli kudla sagqitywa ngokususela kwinani erythrocytes (iiseli ezibomvu) egazini. Kuxhomekeke kule mzobo, kukho amanqanaba amathathu sifo:

• Xa igazi inobulali, ebomvu cell wegazi isusela ukusuka 90 ukuya 110 g / l.
• ifomu aqine Umyinge iphawulwa ukuncitshiswa kwenani iiseli ezibomvu - ukususela 90 ukuya kuma-70 g / l.
• Ukuba yomguli ebomvu cell wegazi 70 g / L okanye ngaphantsi, ngoko ke kakhulu lwe B120-imibala anaemia, kuyingozi kakhulu impilo kunye nobomi.

Njani yingozi le ndlela kwegazi? iingxaki kunokwenzeka

Anaemia, vitamin B12 ukuhluleka engekho unyango ngexesha kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ikakhulu ukunqongophala weli kuchaphazela luvo. Iingxaki olu hlobo kwegazi ziquka umnqonqo kunye luvo neuropathy. Kwelinye icala, ezi ngxushungxushu zikhatshwa ubuhlungu kwaye ukuluma yesiqephu, ilahleko epheleleyo kunye noluphakathi koluvo, ngumchamo ilindle okanye ngumchamo.

Ngokuchasene imvelaphi bezifo cyanocobalamin intswelo kubi umzimba uphela - kunokubangela iintlobo zezifo izintso, intliziyo namanye amaziko. Ngamanye amaxesha, phakathi ukuncitshiswa elibukhali kwi inani iiseli ezibomvu ukuphuhlisa hypoxia ingqondo, ekhokelela kwikhoma iyingozi.

Ukuba uqale unyango kusekwangoko, ngoko zonke iingxaki ingentla iphetshwe. Emva kwexesha waqalisa unyango nga ukuphelisa ivithamin ngxaki, kodwa ke, yeha, utshintsho kwinkqubo luvo sele vuhlayiseki.

iindlela Modern loxilongo

Xa ubukho mpawu zingasentla kufuneka ubone ngokuqinisekileyo kwagqirha. Ngapha koko, kuphela ingcaphephe ngokuchanileyo ukuchonga esi sifo. Kuba isiqalo yenziwe imbali yezonyango. B12-deficiency anemia ngokuqhelekileyo kuphuhliswa phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo yangaphandle, ngoko ugqirha iza kubuza ulwazi malunga ngobomi yesigulane, amandla akhe, njalo njalo. D. Kwixesha elizayo, a kumele leemviwo emzimbeni. Xa izigulane ngesifo efanayo, njengoko umthetho, kunokuthi kubonwe isikhumba luthuthu. Kudla kukho ukuncipha uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye iyangongoza.

Kakade ke, kamva elandelwa kwezinye izifundo, apho uyakwazi ukubona ukuba okanye hayi kukho anemia B12 kaGawulayo. Uvavanyo igazi kunye nesifo ibonisa ukunciphisa inani erythrocytes kunye zomawokhulu zazo (reticulocytes). Kunye nale kukho ukuhla count zegazi. Kakade ke, kunciphise inqanaba mpilo egazini. Uhlalutyo ezinto wegazi unako kwakhona ukunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo. Xa ezahlukeneyo kwegazi kukho ukwanda kumanqanaba egazini yibilirubin kunye nesinyithi.

Uxilongo lwe B12-deficiency anemia kuquka nezinye iinkqubo. Ngokukodwa, lomongo wethambo kwenziwa ucingo (kwiimeko ezininzi bamthwala okuhlatywa sternal) ukwenzela uphando elebhu. Ukongeza, izandla anyamezele kuhlalutyo umchamo kunye ngendle. Ibonisa electrocardiography, electroencephalography, Itomography ngekhompyutha, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iinkqubo - ezi mvavanyo kuyimfuneko ukuhlola ubungakanani umonakalo kwezinye iinkqubo omzimba, kwakunye ukufumanisa unobangela kwegazi.

B12-deficiency anemia: unyango

Ugqirha unako ukwenza unyango olusebenzayo kuphela emva kokuba kugqitywe uviwo ephilayo ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke yintoni unyango kufuneka B12-deficiency anemia? Unyango iqala nokuphelisa nobangela zesi sifo. Ngokomzekelo, xa elawulwa ukuba uhlaselo izigulane helminthic arhente antiparasitic kwaye phambi ithumba - uqhaqho.

Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuba abuyekeze yokunqongophala cyanocobalamin. Ngemihla zokuqala ezimbalwa sisombululo vitamin sele zifakwa intramuscularly. Kuba omdala idosi yemihla ngemihla uvela micrograms 200 ukuya 500. Xa iimeko ezimbi imali ichiza landile ukuya ku-1000 mcg - scheme babambelele iintsuku ezintathu. Emva kokuba ukuphuculwa okuthe ukunciphisa ithamo ku 100-200 mg - iinaliti banikwa kanye ngenyanga kangangeminyaka 1-2.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukutya ilungelo ziquka ukutya zizityebi cyanocobalamine kunye folic acid - kodwa ikakhulu kwesibindi, inyama kunye namaqanda.

igazi kakhulu ifuna evuselela engxamisekileyo legazi elibomvu count. Ukulungiselela le njongo, izigulane iiseli ezibomvu ukusuka ezinikelwe igazi. Le nkqubo efanayo kuyimfuneko isiqaqa xa igazi.

Ngokutsho manani, lo ALS kwizigulana Kuyinto entle. Ngaphandle kuphela ezo Kwiimeko apho umntu efuna uncedo ikwimeko embi kakhulu, njengoko ukubuyisela kwimimandla echaphazelekayo e-nervous system akwenzeki.

Ingaba zikhona iindlela ezisebenzayo yothintelo?

Njengoko ubona, B12-deficiency anemia - isifo kakhulu yingozi. Ngoko ke, kulula kakhulu ukuba ukuzama ukunqanda oko. Kwaye kulo mzekelo, ukutya ibunjwe-kakuhle kubalulekile kakhulu. Lumka ukuba ukudla cyanocobalamine osisityebi baya rhoqo kwi menu yakho. Ngokukodwa, vitamin B12 ifumaneka amaqanda, inyama, isibindi kunye neemveliso zobisi.

Zonke izifo iphecana zesisu ixesha lokusabela kunyango - kunyanzelekile ukuba ukuthobela ngengcebiso kagqirha yaye musa ukunikezela amayeza azo. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kucetyiswa njengenyathelo lokuthintela ukuthatha izakhiwo afikelelekayo (rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu).

Emva kotyando ukususa yinxalenye emathunjini okanye isisu ugqirha unyanzelekile ukuba anyule amalungiselelo nomonde cyanocobalamin na idosi efanelekileyo.