AmaSkitiya. INeyapoli kwi eCrimea

A indima ephambili kubomi oLwandle Black and Asia Minor abadlale kwiinkulungwane ezininzi apha sigqibo AmaSkitiya. Nihlala kule sayithi ukususela BC ngenkulungwane 7. e. 3 BC. e., bashiya ngasemva inani elikhulu ezikhumbuzo zembali, phakathi kwabo zamaSkitiya INeyapoli.

Ibali yamaSkitiya

Izizwe ukuba i-BC yokuqala yeminyaka Anazo kwintsimi enkulu ukusuka zeAltai ukuya iDanube, kwi BC ngenkulungwane 7. e. Baya kummandla kumantla Black Sea kunye kumathafa eCrimea, apho namSkitiya INeyapoli. Olu hlanga amaGrike amandulo ebizwa ngamaSkitiya.

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga ngubani amaSkitiya, kwenziwa kuze. Ngokutsho kwabanye abaphengululi, baba zomthonyama kuLwandle Black, ngoxa abanye bembonisa inguqulo weza ezi zizwe apha ukususela imimandla ye Iran namhlanje.

Phakathi amabali amaninzi malunga imvelaphi yalo bantu, UHerodotus ngexesha utyelelo Scythia kwi BC ngenkulungwane 5. e., umntu engaqondi ngokuzithemba. Ithi amaSkitiya ephila, ubalekile imfazwe Massagets, wemka Asia umhlala ezweni Cimmerian.

Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba ezinye amavo, nangona kwamnandi zabo, unako kwakhona ukufunda okuninzi umdla. Okhankanywe kwezi zeenkomo, namahashe, epuluweni, kunye idyokhwe zalatha nento yokuba AmaSkitiya kwemisebenzi ephambili yeenkomo ukuzala nezolimo. Oku kungqinwe ezafunyanwa ezininzi zakudala.

Ngexesha ukusekwa umbutho wokuqala zamaSkitiya karhulumente, ikomkhulu, leyo yayimi phezu Dnieper, wasiwa Naples Skifskiy. ECrimea ngenxa kwindawo yayo, kwaba lula ngakumbi kokubini emkhosini kwaye kwisicwangciso sorhwebo.

Ikomkhulu yamaSkitiya

Ngokusekelwe kule BC yesi-3. e., i-namSkitiya iNaples ise kwinxalenye esempuma langoku Simferopol, ekudibaneni kweendlela zorhwebo, edibanisa, ngaloo ndlela, yonke imizana karhulumente zamaSkitiya. Esi sixeko ithathwa ikomkhulu ngongasekhoyo umSkitiya yaba liziko zorhwebo kunye nenkcubeko. Ngokusekelwe kwi sifundo sale lesikhumbuzo yezembali, abaphengululi bagqiba ukuba amaSkitiya ubuyile inkqubo yabo yezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko, ndazi kwimpembelelo kwamaGrike amaSarmatia.

Ngexesha lokulawula kakumkani Skilur kwi BC ngenkulungwane yesi-2. e. State ifikelele bade. Nangona iimfazwe ezininzi kunye Greek isixeko-amathanga, nabaphantsi iNaples wahlala kwisixeko engundoqo karhulumente kangangeenkulungwane ezintandathu. Ukucuthwa yokuqala eve ubunzima 110-109 BC. e., ngexesha sewusesandleni sonyana wakhe Skilur, leyo wehla waya imbali umphathi shwa. Esi sixeko zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye itshiswe Diophantus, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ke labuyiselwa.

Ekugqibeleni yatshatyalaliswa Naples ngexesha kuhlaselwa zilungiswe BC yesi-3. e. Nangona kunjalo, xa ixesha amaphulo of Svyatoslav of Kiev (kwinkulungwane ye-10), esi sixeko omiweyo uphela.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Nabaphantsi INeyapoli eyamisa ukuze zokuzikhusela kwafuneka ukuba phezulu kuphela emazantsi, ekubeni abanye amacala kweso sixeko ikhuselwe kakuhle izithintelo zendalo. In the kumntla-mpuma kwelasempumalanga oorhec nasemiqhokrweni yeengxondorha, nemiwonyo enzulu wakhusela ikomkhulu ukusuka entshonalanga.

Imi kwiihektare-20 zomhlaba, esi sixeko indawo yorhwebo enkulu kumbindi apho kwenzeka yingisela. Entry baba amasango amathathu: entshona, empuma nakumbindi (kuba uloyiso Kings). Apha lokubiyela baba ezinde ezintandathu Uyalwa ezivukelana ngaphezu izakhiwo kwi eemitha-8. Ezihlala abantu isixeko ngenxa kwiklasi kwezentlalo: esempuma yayihlala emkhosini, entshonalanga selilas uyazi, kunye namadlelo - brand elula.

kwi zokuhlala kunye nokungcwatywa zabanjwa ngokungqinelana nomgaqo ekhankanywe ngasentla. Yazi wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba sisityebi, maxa wambi ndawonye nabakhonzi, kunye nezinto zendlu. Poor wanikwa indawo emngcwabeni kwi emaphandleni.

ngabembi

Emva kokuba eCrimea ngenkulungwane ye-18 iye yafakwa eRashiya, waqala ukwakha Simferopol. Abantu ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu wathabatha izinto ukusuka iindonga zezakhiwo yamandulo.

Ngenxa yokuba omnye umhlali wendawo eyafumana amacwecwe kunye kwimibhalo yamandulo yamaGrike, sijoliswe kumlawuli we-Kerch Museum Blaramberg, baqala zamaqula. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kule zamaqula uye wafumana isiqabu obonisa ukumkani Skilur kunye nonyana wakhe.

Uphando zakudala kwaqhubeka de revolution. Kwafunyaniswa amangcwaba eziliqela, uhlala zokuhlala kunye amaqula nendlu, isixa esikhulu-inventri.

Ekupheleni-40 ze-kubulela kwinkulungwane yama-20 ukuya omkhulu kukombiwa mbali uyaziwa Skilur yamangcwaba, indawo yokungcwaba ungunyana wabanumzana bamaSkitiya. Apha nezinto nanto afunyanwa, abajoyine iimyuziyam eMoscow St Petersburg.

BamaSkitiya Naples namhlanje

Nangona ixabiso layo zembali nokwahluka, nabaphantsi INeyapoli, ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuba ingqalelo eyiyo, yaba ... etiphini yasekuhlaleni. Kuphela ngo-2011, waba yolondolozo lwembali yaye akhuselwe ngumthetho ukusuka kwimingxuma mthethweni kunye nophuhliso.

Ngelishwa, ukuza kuthi ga kweli ukuhlaliswa kancinane ngasekhohlo. Xa kuhlolwa amanxiwa zifikeleleke eludongeni langasezantsi, iziseko zezakhiwo kunye yamangcwaba Skilur. Bulelani kuphela sikhokelo, ungenza unokuyithelekelela indlela ubomi besi sixeko samandulo.

Ngethamsanqa, zombiwe uqhubeke. Namhlanje Lwavavanya inxalenye lwamashumi ukuze umtya elikhulu obafunyanwa kodwa ukuza. Ukuya kwi uhambo Naples nabaphantsi, ungenza inxaxheba hunt ubutyebi reserve.

Ukufumana apho

AmaSkitiya. Naples (ifoto thaca kweli nqaku) imi dilesi: Simferopol, ul. Zakudala, 1. Ungafumana apha ngomnye iindlela ezininzi zezithuthi zikawonke. Kwi afike Tarabukina street, nje imizuzu embalwa kuya kufuneka ukuba bahambe kwi benzululwazi.

Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba kudlule ibhasi esi sixeko kwi Vorovskogo esitratweni Naples. Apho, kufuphi nomlambo, umzila ibhuqiwe, enika unikezelo kwi ethafeni. Ivela intle kwaye zihoyi kwidolophu enkulu AmaSkitiya kade, kwaye mihla ikomkhulu eCrimea.