Neoclassicism bokwakha: izakhiwo adumileyo kunye nabayili

Buyela izimiso yamandulo kwimizobo kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo. entle kakhulu kwaye gingxi ababesakha, ukukrola, ukupeyinta kwexesha yamandulo. Kakhulu ixesha elide kwimbali zobugcisa kuthiwa neoclassicism ukuba ukuvuselela izimiso yamandulo ubuhle kunye notshintsho phantsi kwempembelelo yehlabathi lanamhlanje. Neoclassicism bokwakha isebenza noko ngokwahlukileyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo aseYurophu. Of umdla ngokukhethekileyo ukutyhilwa imigaqo ezaziwa nabayili Russian yabonisa.

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msebenzi wakhe uphambili kwi nakubugcisa iniyo-classical wabona ukubuyela iingcambu inkcubeko yaseYurophu. Ingqalo ngabembi eGrisi kunye Italy ngenkulungwane XVII iye yabangela umdla kakhulu bezakhiwo ukuba imigaqo abakhi yamandulo. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukubonakala isimbo, ekuthiwa classicism, leyo iphuhlise ize ngokuthe ngcembe uguqulwe neoclassicism. osemqoka yalo esentloko kukuba uqhagamshelwano yesithethe kunye esithintelweyo yothando. Ngaphambi kwezi iintlobo ezimbini akhuphisana namanye, kodwa ekugqibeleni wafumana eninzi esivumelana.

izakhiwo Non-classical omkhulu usebenziso olulula, ubabalo ngqo xa kuthelekiswa ne ezakudala. uya neoclassicism na ingqalelo ekhethekileyo sikhumbuzo etyhutyha, umnqweno monumentality, nokuba pomposity. Abakhi hayi kuphela zikhutshelwa kwinkqubo yamandulo komyalelo, kodwa zithande ukuba wenze amanqaku amatsha. Umzekelo, yaseYiputa okanye Etruscan. I style luphawulwa sizibambe yaye yayiyetyumzayo. , Izakhiwo ezinkulu-isikali Okumangalisayo kunye iziqalelo Greek - eliphikisa kwizakhiwo isimbo iniyo-yamandulo.

Periodization of neoclassicism bokwakha

Igama elithi "neo-classical" ngezakhiwo inikeza nakusoleka. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kwindlela aseYurophu kwaye IsiRashiya ukuya ulwabiwo lamathuba yayo. EYurophu, yayamkela classicism eyahlukileyo (ngenkulungwane XVII) kunye neo-classical (kwisiqingatha sesibini XVIII, indlela Louis 16 - yesithathu yokuqala XIX). Kwilizwe lethu, imeko thile ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya eJamani, eli xesha nje ingqalelo classicism. Ngaphantsi nakubugcisa omtsha yakudala kwakuthetha isiphelo XIX - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. ERashiya, apho neoclassicism yayithandwa kakhulu nayinzuzo yahlulahlulwe yaba ezintathu.

Okokuqala, lo umgca XIX - kwenkulungwane XX, kwakuvela nje ngokwempendulo kuxinizelelo of kwimpucuko. kufushane Its uyaphikisana sobuchwepheshe zokuhombisa Art Nouveau. Ngeli xesha, kukho umkhwa retrospectivism efuna ukuvuselela olinganise Classic nobeko. Ithuba lesibini - kwiminyaka 1930 kwinkulungwane XX. In Russia ikwabizwa ngokuba Empire Stalin kaThixo. Waye wajoyina i-iimpawu ezimbejembeje of classicism, Art Nouveau neziqalelo kwezikolo ngezakhiwo yesizwe. Eyesithathu - 1950. Yena kakhulu uphawu zakhiwo American, apho bafumana elula yabo entsha wenyama kunye neefom omkhulukazi.

Neoclassicism bokwakha ehlabathini

Classicism yaba indlela zinamandla yokuluka. Wamgona zonke zobugcisa. uphuhliso yayo kukhokelele ukuvela neoclassicism, awayakhayo akayi phezu axelise olunyulu imifuziselo yamandulo, kwaye reinterpretation zabo. Style ziyazala izimiso yamandulo, edibanisa nabo neziphumo zale mihla kwaye ezinye impumelelo yesizwe. Imithetho-siseko ibekwe emva kwinkulungwane XVII ngu Andrea Palladio, owakha ezininzi izakhiwo Vicenza. Ezi zithinteli zibe imodeli izizukulwana elizayo nabayili. Yena wawuxhokonxa umdla namatheko of bezakhiwo yamandulo yaye akazange ayeke kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela.

Izakhiwo zokuqala style "neo-classical" ngeemilo macala, imikrozo lwemihlathi, uphahla angqukuva kunye lwefacade buxande wabonakala eFransi. Kamva, isiqhelo misho bezakhiwo kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Aze "dokatyvayutsya" eMelika. Neoclassicism - akukho nokuba ngenene isimbo. Kunoko, yinto uhlobo wanda Ingcingane bezakhiwo elidlulileyo. Ukuphathwa ngenyameko izithethe esekwe nolwakhiwo nesiseko sayo Izakhiwo zale mihla kunye entsha uyilo kunye ubuciko imibono - ezi nemigaqo zoqoqosho neoclassical.

Neoclassicism e France

Obukhulu yokuqala neo-classical bokwakha zadalwa yi uClaude Ledoux, owaqalisa umsebenzi wabo phambi kokuba French Revolution. saltworks yayo e Arc-et-Senans, isakhiwo amasiko emnyango Paris, yemidlalo yeqonga kwi Besançon waphila izithethe zamaGrike yaye iphawulwe sisiqalo elizibalula okuqaqambileyo kwi neo-classical bokwakha French. Ummeli idumileyo yale style Jacques Ange Gabriel. Ngeminyaka yoo-50 kwinkulungwane XVIII wadala isakhiwo esihle zeSikolo Military kwi i Champ de Mars, enhle Opera Garnier, i-Petit Trianon e Versailles, Concorde Square kwiprojekthi Paris. umsebenzi wakhe waba aziwa ngayo ngexesha zeniyo-classicism eFransi.

Ke kwalandela ezininzi nabayili abanetalente zakhiwa kule isimbo. It Nicolas de Maiziere, owadala imarike okuziinkozo, uJacques-Denis Antoine ukuvelela Mint yakhe kweenxweme Seine, Sharl De Wailly kunye zobungangamela yeqonga "Odeon". Neoclassicism kukuba Likhonkco Paris ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ukwakha kunye ibonwe gingxi, uphahla, porticos ezibunxantathu nemihlathi ngoku kuba iqhayiya layo.

Neoclassicism kwi UK

Kule minyaka ingama-60 leminyaka XVIII zeniyo-classical lwezakhiwo yaba isimbo njengezona nkalo zitshisa ibunzi eNgilani. Abaseki bayo nabayili ezimbini ezinkulu uRobert UAdam Uilyam Chembers. Bona, ngokungafaniyo oogxa babo French, wakha izakhiwo becala zokuhlala. Adam watyelela Italy, apho wakha wamthanda nezakhiwo zamandulo nezakhiwo A. Palladio.

IsiNgesi Neoclassicism wayehlukile ubabalo French ngakumbi kwaye lula. Apha, ingqalelo enkulu yahlawulwa ngaphakathi, edume leyo ukuhonjiswa Syon House kunye mibala Etruscan. Abo bangena ye British isithethe iniyo-classical yi Dzhon Soun kunye Dzhordzh Izirhoxo. Bona midlalo qhubeka "isimbo-Adam." Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bank of England kunye entolongweni kwi Newgate baba imizekelo ebalaseleyo eziphambili zeniyo-classical IsiNgesi.

Ukusasazeka neoclassicism eYurophu

abameli abanetalente of neoclassicism zonke eYurophu. Umzekelo, eJamani, imisebenzi engcono kulo isimbo kudala Karl Friedrich Schinkel. indalo ngamandla kunye ezimfutshane ka nguva yin'wana ethile neoclassicism. izakhiwo zayo esidala kunye yimyuziyam entsha e-Berlin yabalindi ukuba ngobuchule kuyasetyenzwa kwakhona indlela iindlela kunye nezicwangciso yamandulo.

Ngo-Italy, lo neoclassic yafikelela enkulu engakholelekiyo. A. Palladio, kunye nezakhiwo zawo Noluyolo e Venice kunye Vicenza, Dzhuzeppe Permarini kunye La Scala ke neeperile izakhiwo yehlabathi. Kamva, Marcello Piacentini uye waziphatha ngendlela yakhe ukutolika osisityebi ilifa izakhiwo yamandulo kunye nesimbo Palladian kwikota yokuqala lwekhulu XX. Wadala limcela entsonkothileyo ekhethekileyo eRoma kunye Victoria Square e Brescia.

neoclassicism Russian: Iinkalo eziphambili

Indima olulodwa ezifunyenwe isimbo neoclassical kwi bokwakha Russian. Inqanaba lokuqala ezinxulumene ekoyiseni intlekele ekuyo i-modernity, ukubuyela iingcambu classical, lula ukucinga. Ivan Fomin, uVladimir Shuko, Ivan Zholtovsky inxaxheba kuphononongo zakudala, enkulu yegolide. Behlola obukhulu bobugcisa Italy kunye neFransi, ekuphumezeni iziphumo kwizakhiwo zazo. Isigaba sesibini neoclassicism ukuseta umsebenzi yokudala imisebenzi ezibalaseleyo balizukisa amandla Stalin. Ezikhumbuzo kunye nobungakanani ezi zakhiwo nangoku thusa abantu.

abakhi Famous Russian

izakhiwo Russian sibe nebhongo le Galaxy iphela amagcisa ezibalaseleyo owayesebenza indlela neoclassical. Le umnyibilikisi kuthathwa Ivan Fomin. Iminyaka emininzi wayitshabalalisa isifundo imigaqo yamandulo kweli siko Russian. Enakho umsebenzi senkolelo uyazigwebela neo-classical isimbo, kunye ezifana izakhiwo abadumileyo indlu Polovtseva eSt Petersburg Polytechnic Institute e Ivanovo, kwisakhiwo eMoscow yiSoviet eMoscow. Phakathi abakhi abathi izimvo emva kuma neoclassical Zakharov, F. Lidval, St. uSeraphim, A. Belogrud kunye nabanye abaninzi. Abakhi eMoscow ne St Petersburg nje abe ikratshi zombini zeengqukuva, Russian, kodwa zimisele umoya omawulawule ngethuba uphuhliso ezinye izixeko kweli lizwe.

Neoclassicism ngohlobo eMoscow

Ikomkhulu Russia ngoku ngokuzingca ukubonisa obukhulu zokwakha ekhethekileyo indlela neoclassical. Zombini ixesha eli isimbo washiya uphawu ebonakalayo ezitratweni. bezakhiwo eMoscow Zazihonjiswe ngobuchule isixeko oyithandayo. Phakathi izakhiwo ezininzi langutana kufuneka ngokuba uhlanga ekhaya uluntu "Indlu Tower" kwi Smolenskaya Square I. ZHOLTOVSKOGO nandawo Mindovsky ngokomakhi UNikolai various, kukho ulwandiso Moscow Art Theatre F. Shechtel, kwakhiwe kaRhulumente Savings Bank ivanov-Shicai. Stalin ixesha neoclassicism liqhelekile wonke ummi Russian. Le amafu odumileyo L. Rudnev, D. Chechulina A. Mordvinova kunye nezinye nabayili.

Neoclassicism eSt Petersburg

Lwalo ngenkcazelo ethile zeniyo-classical St. Petersburg waye 'indlu ezinde "odumileyo K. Rosenstein. Kuyo namasiko aphakathi edibene izinto mihla Classic. capital Northern sinokuba nebhongo kunye eninzi nezinye izakhiwo ngale ndlela. Eyona edumileyo ngabo amaziko: bendlu-Abamelek various ngokomakhi I. Fomin, iziko Tom de Thomon, ummeli ekuqaleni iniyo-classical umsebenzi nandawo Betlinga A. Grube, wesakhiwo wayila J. Timofeev Kovarskii kunye neminye imisebenzi abanetalente.