Apologetics - it ... Apologetics and Patristics

ixesha ifilosofi medieval iquka kwiinkulungwane ezilishumi eYurophu (ukusuka V ukuya XV). The Ages eliphakathi bulumko lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu alandelelanayo: rivaleriwa, patristic, yokufunda.

Eyona iphambili bulumko zamaxesha yaba Theocentricism, yaye lusekelwe yemfundiso yeBhayibhile. Ngokutsho kubantu abaninzi ebudeni bamaXesha Aphakathi ezinxulumene "ixesha emnyama" xa inzululwazi baseYurophu phantse wayeka kuphuhliso yayo. Nakuba kunjalo, eneneni? Iintetho nqaku malunga kumaXesha Aphakathi ezifana patristic kunye uxolo, kwakunye nabameli babo yeyona yaziwa.

Apologetics and Patristics

Intanda of the Ages Aphakathi ngamanye amaxesha kufanele ngokuthi 'intanda-umbhalo ", njengoko zobulumko xesha kakhulu benza ekutolikweni zezibhalo zenkolo. Ngokwakhe ixesha uqala ngenkulungwane V, yaye izazinzulu zithi emva ukuwa yamagorha uBukhosi baseRoma. APOLOGETICS patristika ne - kube kanye kwixesha lokuqala ifilosofi kumaXesha Aphakathi, bexelisa omnye emva komnye. Kumalunga la maxesha kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku.

Apologetics - oku kuqala bulumko kumaxesha, ezivele ukulwela ubuKristu nxamnye izimvo ezikhoyo ngexesha iingcamango yobuhedeni. Bokholo babone isiseko imfundiso bulumko yobuKristu.

Kamva apho patristic - imfundiso ebizwa ngokuba "Ootata Church", nto leyo echaza iingongoma eziphambili bulumko zamaKristu yenkolo. Ngeli xesha iinkqubo zenkolo kunye kwerandi ezinokuntsonkotha sele ziphuhlisiwe.

Ntoni igama elithi "apologetics"

Iguqulwe ukusuka 'apologia "ulwimi lesiGrike elithetha" ukhuseleko ". Apologetics - kukho ukhuseleko yamaKristu enkulungwane yokuqala ukusuka ubuhedeni. Le umlweli kakhulu yodumo Justinian Martyr.

Igama elithi "apologetics"-bulumko wabonakala ngengozi. Isibakala sokuba imisebenzi abavikeli ubuKristu wayibiza siyaxolisa. Kamva lo gama yaziwa kwaye lonke ixesha zembali.

Eyona engundoqo wemisebenzi bokholo okuqala

Ukhuselo amaKristu ezithwele nokuzithwala ilungelo abathi le nkolo entsha - ezi eziphambili abazibeka ngokwayo apologetics. Oku kuchazwe ukubhalwa yamaphepha, leyo yaqwalaselwa umzekelo yokuqala kubameli amandla - labalawuli kunye neerhuluneli. Kwiincwadi zakhe, bokholo baye bazama ukuba ukweyisela abalawuli ukunyaniseka abalandeli nonqulo lwakhe olutsha. Inkoliso yemisebenzi yakhe, ukuba nje wathumela amadoda ngundlovu, ukuze ukuba ufunde kubo.

Xa ubuso zokuhlukunyezwa rhoqo wabalandeli zonke neenzame zokufikelela ukuqondwa yonqulo lwabo. Baya wajika kubalandeli bakhe, kumaKristu okuqala. Noko ke, waphefumlela ngamandla kuzo nengcamango ukuzikhetha kunye nonyulo nokukhuthaza ukholo.

Bokholo kuqala ngokunxulumene kwabo bulumko

Indlela yokuphatha apologetics abangamaKristu abameli balo bulumko hlobo? Oku ke ngumba obaluleke kakhulu, nto leyo ukuqonda. Ngokubanzi, kubalulekile Abathetheleli ukuphawula yeharim bulumko kunokuba ngokoyika nzondo ethile. Lwiimi iimfundiso zobuhedeni basichasa ubulumko bukaThixo. Kwangaxeshanye, iququzelela musa ukuvala amathuba ukuba ezinye iintlanga "olubakhanyiselayo abantu" ngenxa intanda kunye ebuKrestwini.

Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba Abathetheleli ingumongo khange intanda hlobo. Kunoko, ukuba rhetoricians. Ezeni amaqaba afundile yaye lobuchwepheshe, ukuba siphakamise umba kaKristu ukuze angqine ukuba zonke ezilungileyo nezinengqiqo yobuhedeni kwakungekho ngaphezu ibonakalisa Logos-uKristu.

Iinkqubo bokholo yokuqala baqalisa kuvela ukususela ngenkulungwane yesibini. Phakathi bokholo edume - Justin Martyr, Aristides, uTatian waseAsiriya, Athenagoras, Mangcu uTertullian kunye nezinye bezakwalizwi, zobulumko.

Martianus Aristide Athene

First Apology, nethe yafikelela imihla yethu, izazinzulu yomhla kunyaka 125 AD. Lo msebenzi Marciana Aristide neAtene, leyo eyayibhekiswa waseRoma Adrian (okanye Antonin Pia).

Okubhaliweyo uxolo Aristide uthi ihlabathi ngeli athile zangaphandle, nto leyo uThixo. Wanga ke uThixo ngokwakhe - ibeyindawo egqibeleleyo, alinakuzuzwa kwaye ibe yinyani. Ngelo xesha Aristide iqwalasela kuphosakele ukufunda, njengoko uThixo oyinyaniso, izithixo ezahlukeneyo namaGrike, ngenxa yokuba ukushiyeka abantu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba - abangafezekanga. Kungenxa iingcamango ngoThixo, ngokutsho sobulumko, kukho ingxabano neemfazwe phakathi kwabantu. Aristide ubanga ukuba amaKristu kuphela sinolwazi oluchanekileyo kaThixo kwaye ihlaba ikhwelo zonke iintlanga ukuba imbeko kuye.

Justin Martyr waseSamariya

Ngaphandle emfundisweni Justin Martyr kunzima kakhulu ukuyicinga ixesha ezifana-bulumko njengoko apologetics. Le sobulumko ohambahambayo wezakwalizwi eyayiphila kwiminyaka 110-167. Yena uAntipas eRoma.

Ukusuka ibihleli ezintathu umsebenzi: ". Dialogue ne Trypho umYuda" "Apology Kuqala", "uxolo yesiBini 'yaye Philosophy, ngokutsho Justin, kanye indlela leyo ekhokelela ukuba uThixo. Ngokutsho-akhawunti ka-Justin, waye intlanganiso sibi kunye nendoda endala kuye, naye ke waqalisa incoko ngoThixo umphefumlo. Le ndoda endala wamxelela Justin ukuba zonke nyaniso ingafunyanwa kwi eNdala kwaneTestamente eNtsha. Emva kokuba le ngxoxo, ngokutsho Justin, waba sobulumko.

UTatian Asiriya nomsebenzi wakhe

apologetics aphakathi banika ihlabathi enye silumko obalaseleyo Asiriya uTatian, owayephila malunga 120-175 iminyaka BC. Wayehamba kakhulu, kodwa xa athe wafika eRoma, waza waba ngumfundi Justin Martyr (phambi kokufa kwakhe).

Eyona Umsebenzi Tatiana - "Thina nxamnye amaGrike", ebhalwe kunyaka 166-171. Kwincwadi yakhe sobulumko uthelekisa -bulumko yamandulo imfundiso lamaKristu, embiza "ifilosofi yethu." Ukuze abachasi bakhe uTatian ubalisa ngokugculelayo kakhulu, ucinga ukuba "waluka nantoni na oyifunayo." Kungenxa yesi sizathu, ngokutsho silumko, zobulumko yamandulo ukuphikisana kakhulu omnye komnye. UTatian okhanyelayo ukuba amaGrike kwemoto bulumko, ebiza "ifilosofi yethu" ngokwayo, umbhalo kakhulu. zobulumko ezininzi, ngokutsho Tatiana, nje kutshintshwa izibhalo kunye neemfundiso kaMoses kunye nezinye zo efanayo.

UTertullian of Carthage

apologetics zamaKristu kunokwenzeka ngaphandle igama hayi. Ibinzana elithi "Ndikholelwa kuba ayikho ngqiqweni» ( "mfundiso quia absurdum") i ngamazwi isuntswana umsebenzi wakhe. UTertullian wenza eCaweni yamaKatolika iingqiqo ezininzi Latinized.

UTertullian kabi wagxeka-bulumko yobuhedeni, ngokuchaseneyo ingqiqo yakhe yokholo ecocekileyo, ngaphandle nokuzigwagwisa ukuba intellectualism. Waziwa kakhulu njengoko umbhali zango apho ukholo ibekwe ngaphezu ingqondo, yaye angekho ngqiqweni nayiphi na ingcaciso kufuneka komeleza kuphela ukholo loo mntu. "Ndikholelwa kuba ayikho ngqiqweni ...."

ESt Augustine iimfundiso zakhe

Ezikhanya ummeli patristic yi St. Augustine, nto leyo eye yaba negalelo elikhulu yonke bulumko ephakathi. Ekufundiseni kwakhe wakwazi ukudibanisa ngempumelelo Neo-zikaPlato kunye ubuKristu postulates. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, elibaphatha ububi, njengomphumi-ukungabi okulungileyo.

"Ndikholelwa ukuze siqonde" - oko sisaci ephambili ngobhalo ulwazi Augustine kaThixo. Ngaphandle yokushiya ulwazi obengo, uchaze watsho ukukhonya ngokungagungqiyo yokholo. Usindiso kuphela womntu, ngokoluvo Avgustina Blazhennogo, nto ukubayinxalenye ibandla lamaKristu. wezakwalizwi nobunzima kakhulu iqwalasela umphefumlo womntu, yaye ngoko onyanzela sinikele ingqalelo ngakumbi kuyo, lo gama abathintela uyolo inkanuko azilawule.