Antitank ingathengwa PTSD (Simon): iimpawu, ubukhulu

Antitank ingathengwa PTSD (Simon) wasiwa inkonzo ehlotyeni ka-1941. Zazenzelwe ukuhlasela amatanki eliphakathi kwaye ukukhanya, moya nezithuthi vehicles kwi imigama ukuya ku-500 eemitha. Ukongeza, umpu nako ukuxhathisa pillboxes, komhlaba kunye utshaba amanqaku badubula, wayifulela isikrweqe kumgama oziimitha ukuya ku-800. Mbutho uye wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwi edabini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Eli nqaku liza kuqwalaselwa yi kwimbali indalo yayo kunye nesicelo kunye nokusebenza neempawu.

ulwazi zembali

Anti-itanki umbayimbayi (PTR) ubizwa isixhobo ngesandla-ebanjwe ngayo ukuba sixhathise isikrweqe utshaba. PTR wasebenzisa ukuya kuhlasela iinqaba kunye neethagethi ephantsi-eziphaphazelayo. Ngenxa umxhasi enamandla kunye isiqu elide, energy isicheme eliphezulu bullet, nto leyo evumela ukuba hit the isikrweqe. PTR kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II bakwazi ukungena isikrweqe ukuya kwi-30 mm ubukhulu kwaye yindlela esebenzayo kakhulu ukuba alwe kwiitanki. Ezinye beye ubunzima eliphezulu yaye, enyanisweni, amancinci abanjalo gun.

AmaJamani kuqala ngere- PTR wabonakala ekupheleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ukunqongophala ngempumelelo ukuba babuyekezwe yokuhamba yokugquma lula kunye nendleko eziphantsi. IMfazwe Yehlabathi II ukuba MFR kwindawo ephakamileyo ngenene, ngenxa yale hlobo isixhobo ubunzima ngokupheleleyo onke amaqela ukuba impi.

I-Second World War yaba ungquzulwano yokuqala enkulu kwimbali yoluntu, nto leyo siyawa ilungileyo phantsi kwenkcazo "kwimfazwe injini". Amatanki kunye nezinye iintlobo zezithuthi vehicles yaba sisiseko amandla ifuthe. Ukuba ezintweni itanki ziye kuba sisiqinisekiso ukuphunyezwa amaqhinga lwamaNazi "Blitzkrieg".

Emva ukoyiswa kwintlekele ekuqaleni ezaxhobela imfazwe yiSoviet esixekweni yayifuna imali ukuze alwe utshaba izithuthi vehicles. Kwakufuneka isixhobo elula inokusityeda, into enokumelana oomatshini enzima. Ngaloo ndlela waba umpu anti-itanki. Ngowe-1941 weza inkonzo iisampulu nje ezimbini izixhobo ezifana: umpu Degtyarev kunye Simonov umpu. Noluntu jikelele PTRD ukubazi ngcono. UTom negalelo bhanyabhanya kunye neencwadi. Kodwa PTW-41 yaziwa mandundu kakhulu, yaye wakhutshwa oko azikho imiqulu ezinjalo. Kodwa kunciphisa ukufaneleka umpu kungaba okungalungile.

I wokuqala ukuphunyezwa PTR

ESoviet Union kwi ukudala umpu antitank wasebenza bayawafundisisa la-imi- 40 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ingakumbi xa imodeli bakuthathe PTR kuphuhliswa enamandla iCartridge abanjalo 14.5 mm. Ngowe-1939, siye sazibonela iisampuli eziliqela PTR lenjineli zezixhobo Soviet. Wayethandwa loyiso kukhuphiswano Rukavishnikova inkqubo umpu antitank, kodwa imveliso iye ayasekwa. Ubunkokheli Soviet zomkhosi ukholelwa ukuba izithuthi elizayo vehicles ziya kukhuselwa ubuncinane 50 mm weentonga, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngemipu anti-itanki ukuba angafaneleki.

Development of PTSD

Ubunkokheli Ingqikelelo kwaba kubi ngokupheleleyo: zonke iintlobo zezithuthi vehicles ezisetyenziswa Wehrmacht ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, bangabekwa hit ngemipu anti-itanki, kwanaxa sokudubula kule kwingqikelelo ngokungqalileyo. July 8, 1941 inkokheli yasemkhosini isigqibo ukuseka ngobuninzi MFI. model Rukavishnikova iyazibona inzima yaye zibiza kakhulu ukuba iimeko ezikhoyo. nokhuphiswano entsha ukwenza MFR efanelekileyo kwathiwa, ubuhanjelwe ezimbini iinjineli: Vasily Degtyaryov kunye Sergei Simonov. kwiintsuku nje 22 kamva abayili thaca ngere- lwemipu yayo. Stalin wakuthanda zombini iisampulu, yaye kungekudala bafakwa imveliso mass.

ukuxhaphaza

Sele ngo-Oktobha 1941, anti-itanki gun PTW (Simon) ukuze zixhase lo mkhosi. Xa iimeko zokuqala ukusetyenziswa, iye yabonisa ukuba ibe yimpumelelo kakhulu. Ngowe-1941, amaNazi akazange abe isikrweqe nako ukumthintela umlilo Simonov shotgun. I sixhobo kwaba lula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ayifuni inqanaba eliphezulu mlilo zoqeqesho. izinto lula ukuvumela ukuzithemba ukubetha utshaba kwiimeko ezininzi engonwabanga. Nangona kunjalo, akukho kanye wakhankanya nempembelelo buthathaka zabronevoe-14.5 mm iCartridge: ezinye izithuthi utshaba, emgceni ukusuka MFI, waba ngaphezu imingxuma kweshumi.

iinjengele German ngokuphindaphindiweyo bakhomba ukusebenza PTW-41. Ngokutsho kwabo, imipu anti-itanki eSoviet bangcono betye German kakhulu. Xa amaJamani ikwazile ukufumana ubambo lwe PTSD njenge indebe, zikulungele ukuba siwasebenzise zabo.

Emva kokuba Battle yexabiso Stalingrad MFR njengendlela ephambili lweetanki yokulwa waqala bunciphe. Noko ke, kweli dabi Kursk riflemen anti-itanki ngokuphindaphindiweyo bayincoma le sixhobo.

ukuncipha kwemveliso

Ngoko ukuvelisa indlela semi-ezisebenzelayo anti-itanki umbayimbayi inkqubo Simonov kwaba nzima ngakumbi namaxabiso ngaphezu MFR Degtyareva, oveliswa kancinci kakhulu. Ngo-1943, amaJamani waqalisa ukomeleza ukhuseleko iintonga izixhobo zayo kunye nokusebenza lwemipu anti-itanki yaqalisa ukuhla elibukhali. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imveliso yawo yaqala ukwehla kakhulu, yaye kungekudala zanqunyanyiswa kwaphela. Imizamo ukuba bahlaziye umpu yakho nokwandisa isikrweqe yayo yenziwa abathungi ezahlukeneyo aneziphiwo kwi-1942-1943 biennium., Kodwa bonke boyisakala. Uguqulo ngu S. Rashkovo, S. Ermolaev, M. Blum kunye W. Sluhotskim ababuleweyo ngcono isikrweqe, kodwa ngaphantsi mobile kunye ezinkulu kuno rhoqo PTW ne PTRD. Ngowe-1945, kwaya kwacaca ukuba njengendlela yokulwa amatanki umpu anti-itanki semi-ezenzekelayo zoke ngokwayo.

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ukuze xa ukuhlasela amatanki kunye MFI wayesele engenanjongo, riflemen anti-itanki aqala ukuzisebenzisa ukoyisa izithuthi vehicles, zokudubula self-ngokwaso, emplacements elide-gun neethagethi ephantsi-eziphaphazelayo.

77 iimeko PTSD wenziwa-1941, yaye kunyaka olandelayo -. 63.3 lamawaka zizonke ekupheleni Second World War ukusuka yokuthutha wehla malunga 190 000 imipu. Ezinye zazo ezazisetyenziswa yaseKorea War.

ukusebenzisa Iimpawu

Nge kumgama oziimitha ezili-100 antitank umpu PTSD (Simon) wayenokuyaphula sineentonga-mm-50, kwaye ukusuka kumgama oziimitha 300 ka - i-mm-40. Kulo mzekelo, umpu saba ukuchaneka elungileyo. Kodwa waba ndawo zibuthathaka - phantsi amanyathelo zabronevoe. Ngoko practice, emkhosini ebizwa imbumbulu emva kokuba ukusebenza yeduli umthondo. Fumana kwi kwitanki kwaye Babesinqinda ngayo kwiimeko ezininzi yayingekho ngokwaneleyo, kwakudingeka ukuba ukubetha umqhubi itanki okanye iyunithi ethile ebalulekileyo umatshini.

ukusebenza kunye PRTS PTRD ehle kakhulu, xa amaJamani baqala ukwandisa ukhuseleko iintonga isixhobo. Ngenxa yoko, hit kunye umpu iye phantse nzima. Ukuze wenze oku, Abatoli kwafuneka asebenze lwentaba, leyo nzima kakhulu kwimeko yokuqala ukusuka kwindawo engqondweni ngayo. Xa adubula anti-itanki umbayimbayi ngeenxa zonke kuye kuphakamisa ngakumbi uthuli okhuphayo zokudubula isikhundla notolo. Lutshaba gunners machine, seva kunye nomkhosi itanki ehamba nayo, kuba amajoni bexhobe PTRami, wokufuna wokwenene. Lidla kwathi, emva kokuba itanki reflection yosizi kuhlanganiselo inkampani weentonga lihlaba kwakungekho namnye usindileyo mbono.

design

gun Oluzenzekelayo kubandakanya ukususwa kwenxenye yeegesi powder ukusuka umphanda. Ukuze ulawule le nkqubo, eli ngendlela ezintathu-ifakiwe, i yolinganiso zegesi alahlwayo kwi piston, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko yokusetyenziswa. wamzalela ivaliwe ngenxa ROOTN shutter. Ngqo piston gas ibekwe ngaphezu umphanda.

Isixhobo aqala ivumela ukudubula kuqhume enye kuphela. Xa nemoto kuphela, shutter uvuliwe. Uyilo isebenzisa uhlobo lever fuse.

Le Umboko rifling lasekunene-sasekhohlo anesibhozo kwaye lixhotyiswe kusisithintelo isicheme. Ngenxa wagaleleka-compensator yancitshiswa kakhulu umpu bahlehla. Lempundu ipleyiti ifakwe absorber shoka (umqamelo). store umile has isiciko kwakuxhomekeke nengalo feeder asezantsi. Abize lwenziwa ukusuka ezantsi yi ukudubuleka ezibengezelayo neekhatriji ezintlanu zipakishwe ngendlela uvalo. Ezintandathu zale iinyanda bahamba epheleleyo kunye PTSD. Lisukela umpu zokudubula amathuba aphezulu qha olusebenzayo kweemitha 800. Njengoko izixhobo abalibona yasetyenziswa an open uhlobo ziwa candelo asebenza uluhlu kweemitha 100-1500. Gun ukuba wadala Sergey Simonov, yaba ezakheke ezintsonkothileyo nzima ngaphezu gun Degtyarev ngakumbi, kodwa iphumelele izinga kuqhume 5 ngomzuzu.

PTSD lisetyenzelwe liqembu ngamadoda amabini. Xa imfazwe, ukuba ithwalwe ngazo umpu kungaba elinye ilungu labasebenzi okanye ezimbini. Handle kokuthutha enamathele ndandisisigculelo kunye umphanda. Xa indawo zinokugcinwa MFR kungenziwa zezikhali ibe ngamaqela amabini: ne stock kunye umphanda kunye bipod.

Phantsi PTSD kuphuhliswa gauge iCartridge leyo mayixhotyiswe ezimbini neentlobo iimbumbulu :

1. B-32. Simple weentonga lihlaba iimbumbulu sigade kunye ezingundoqo ngensimbi yaphazamiseka.
2. BS-41. Ezahlukeneyo ukusuka B-32 metal-ceramic core.

PTW: Ukucacisa

Ukushwankathela konke oku kungasentla, esisibeka ngayo iimpawu eziphambili umpu:

1. Ukuvuleka - 14.5 mm.
2. Weight - 20.9 kg.
3. Ubude - 2108 mm.
4. Rate - rounds-15 ngomzuzu.
5. isantya kwibhulethi ngokuthi imveliso evela umphanda - 1012 m / s.
6. ubunzima Bullet - '64
7. Ungayibophi amandla - 3320 name.
8. Zempi-ukugqobhoza: 100 m - 50 mm, 300 m - 40 mm.

isiphelo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba anti-itanki gun PTW (Simon) yaba ezinye iintsilelo, amajoni Soviet wayemthanda ezi zixhobo, iintshaba - boyika. Yaba inkathazo-free, ephantsi ulondolozo, moya esebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ngokutsho iimpawu zayo zokusebenza kunye kuliwe semi-ezisebenzelayo anti-itanki umbayimbayi Simonov ngaphaya zonke nucleoside amazwe. Kodwa okona kubalulekileyo - kuba olu hlobo isixhobo wanceda abantu Soviet ukoyisa ekuthiwa tankoboyazn.