Ngumbharbhari kothethayo - oku ... Intsingiselo 'ngumbharbhari kothethayo "kunye ukukhankanywa lokuqala

Igama elithi "amaqaba" kukho ixesha elide kakhulu. Izakufunyanwa kwi Old Slavonic Russian, bamandulo mihla. Imvelaphi yekota kakhulu umdla. Eli nqaku liza kuqwalaselwa yi elithi "ngumbharbhari kothethayo," kwaye nendlela kutshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha. nguva yin'wana ni yin'wana ukwenza utshintsho kule kombono evakalayo egameni lakhe.

Apho igama elithi "ngumbharbhari"?

Kuyinto yandile kwaye isetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ilizwi livela yamandulo, yaye ekugqibeleni bafika kusetyenziselwa kuphela ukubonakala kwaso, kodwa ehlabathini lonke.

Homeland amagama - yaMandulo Greece

Yiyo le lizwe enkulu nelaye lasisiseko senkcubeko, usinike ihlabathi igama elitsha. amawaka amaGrike eminyaka eyadlulayo ebizwa ngokuba zonke iintlanga. Kubo, owalukileyo nongalukanga - na kubani wolunye uhlanga, owayehlala ngaphandle isiGrike ngoko urhulumente waseRoma. Le etymology lo gama kusekho impikiswano. Bakholelwa ukuba oku isifanadumo iyinto yayintsha ulwimi yamaGrike - var-var. ULizwi waba umthunzi ngendelelo, njengokuba ezinye iintsapho kwanamaGrike ingqalelo abafundanga kuyaphi kwaye cultured. Noko ke, izazinzulu ezininzi akuvumelani oluguqulelo, nikholwe ukuba lo gama ixabiso cala.

Kwaye ekuqaleni le ngcamango amaGrike amandulo ebizwa ngokuba bonke abathetha ulwimi olwahlukileyo, uze kuphela baqalisa ukulisebenzisa ebhekisa kwabanye abantu.

Kamva, lo gama wegqitha abaseRoma, kodwa wafumana ixabiso eyahlukileyo. kuba krwada, abantu abangafundanga - ngumbharbhari ukuba abahlali yombuso waseRoma. Ngaloo ndlela yabizwa ngokuba iintlanga emantla, nto leyo uphuhliso kwenkcubeko kwasilela kakhulu emva labemi le Balkan Peninsula kunye Italy.

NgesiGrike, isandi ngumbharbhari ezifana barbaros. igama Latin - barbarus kwexabiso efanayo (owasemzini, owasemzini). Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngolwimi mihla French kukho barbare igama. Kuthetha "abangenatarhu, abangaphucukanga" kwaye efana kakhulu elinye igama - barbe (iindevu). Indlela ukufumana iingcali zeelwimi iingcali, ukufana ayikho ngengozi kwaphela. AmaGrike amandulo bakhetha ukunxiba iindevu ecocekileyo omncinane zijonge uthambise ngeoli aqholiweyo. izizwe Northern owayehlala elumelwaneni, ubuhle iinwele zawo kwaye iindevu abayikhathalele loo nto, ngoko ke baba uhlobo scruffy.

Sisihlandlo sokuqala ilizwi nokutshintsha sengqondo ku bakhona

Ukuba uyakholwa ukuba imithombo ebhaliweyo ngaloo minyaka, okokuqala ingqiqo lisetyenziswa ekupheleni VI. BC. e. Umbhali-mbali ongumGrike Hecataeus of eMileto. AmaGrike akazange ukwamkela ezininzi imikhwa nezithethe nabamelwane balo, nangenxa yamaxesha AmaSkitiya enengxolo kunye Thracians. Ndanibhalela ngale Anacreon yimbongi. Sobulumko Heraclitus kwiincwadi zakhe basebenzisa le ngcamango nobuntu, njengoko "umphefumlo zobukrwada." Ngoko, ekuhambeni kwexesha, eli gama liye kabi ingalungile. Iqaba - ndingowasemzini, nto leyo luphawulwa kwinqanaba jikelele phantsi kwenkcubeko, kwaye ayinakho eyamkelekileyo amaGrike yokuziphatha kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha.

Zaguquka yaba lwamaGrike-Persian Iimfazwe, esalinikwayo amaGrike nzima. Waqala ukwakha umfanekiso onganambithekiyo indoda ayiphume imvelaphi isiGrike wadala nemvukelo le ngumbharbhari - ubugwala, inenkohliso, ngenkohlakalo ezonda Greece.

Ke kwabakho ixesha xa kukho umdla inkcubeko yalapha kunye nokunconywa.

Le IV-V cc. n. e., xa ixesha Ukufuduka Enkulu, ilizwi waphinda uvavanyo elibi, kwaye ezinxulumene kunye nezizwe kabuhlungu abahlaseli ezingaphucukanga sitshabalalisa impucuko wamaRoma.

Ngoobani bakhona: zezizwe kunye neeklasi

ukuze oko abantu ebizwe amaGrike amandulo? Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, yaba northern izizwe: zaseJamani, Slavic, namSkitiya, kwakunye Celtic i Thracians.

In I. BC. e. izizwe zamaJamani babezama ukuthatha iphondo laseRoma eGaul. Otpor ke wanika Yuliy Tsezar. Abahlaseli siqhutywaqhutywa phesheya iRhine, leyo ilele phezu komda eRoma kunye singamaqaba.

Zonke iintlanga ngasentla kufuneka yokuphila efanayo. Baye benza iinkomo nokuzalela, ezolimo kunye nokuzingela. Besisazi ukwaluka kunye zomdongwe, bakwazi ukusebenza metal.

Ukuphendula umbuzo, ngoobani bakhona, ukuba bachukumise kunye nenkcubeko yabo. Ayizange ukufikelela eziphakamileyo ezinjalo, ethe wenza impucuko yamaGrike, kodwa abangenalwazi zasendle, ezi zizwe na. Umzekelo, imveliso ye umSkitiya kunye Celtic amagcisa ingqalelo imisebenzi ezixabisekileyo zobugcisa.

Imbali ilizwi kumaXesha Aphakathi

Ingcamango wamandulo abolekwe kwamaGrike namaRoma, Western Yurophu Byzantium. Itshintshe ixabiso. Iqaba - yinto kubukho bukaThixo, ukubala njani xa abangamaKristu abefundisi yamaKatolika.

Isethi lwamaxabiso

Igama elithi "ngumbharbhari" baqhayise ngento yokuba ukutyhubela iinkulungwane iye itshintshe intsingiselo yalo. Kuba amaGrike amandulo, ukuba saba ndingowasemzini abahlala ngaphandle kweli lizwe, njengokuba amaRoma wabiza ezo izizwe neentlanga alingenele bukhosi niwonakalise. Byzantium neNtshona yeYurophu, eli gama liye laziwa ezintlangeni.

Kule mihla, le ngcamango lisetyenziswa ngendlela yokomfuziselo. Le ndlela ngegama owalukileyo nongalukanga - yinto elimasikizi, abantu ningazi, etshabalalisa ezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko izinto ezixabisekileyo.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, eli gama liye ayilahleki ukufaneleka kwayo, nangona kwizikolo ezikude lemvelaphi, isetyenziswa unanamhla.