Naval Central Museum eSt Petersburg

Kwenye yeendawo ezininzi ezintle St. Petersburg, hayi kude ukusuka kwindawo ekuthiwa New Holland, i imyuziyam oxelela imbali weenqanawa yesizwe. Ngomnye ngqokelela bazizinhanha ehlabathini ngayo iimodeli emkhombeni, izixhobo ingqokelela, izixhobo zokuqhuba, amaxwebhu kunye nezinye izinto ezinxulumene umiswa amagunya namandla. Le Central Naval Museum - ngumqondo loMlawuli Petra Velikogo.

Amava evela phesheya

Xa kudibana XVII kunye XVIII iinkulungwane, ngexesha uhambo lwakhe eHolland kunye England - ilizwe ahlala ngexesha kwindawo ahamba phambili ehlabathini kushishino imikhumbi ukuba, uPetros Ndifunde ngokweenkcukacha mbutho Zinjani shipyards zabo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, utsaleleke kwande ke iikhamera model. La masebe benza ngaxeshanye indima yokugcina, apho kwakukho imifuziselo kunye nemizobo bakulungele, ngomhla iinqanawa, kwakunye Studios uyilo, eyathi yaqulunqa nokuyilwa iimpahla ezintsha.

Emva eRashiya, umlawuli wayalela ukuba angene eSt Petersburg sunguleni ezinjalo, nokusebenza kunye nokubaluleka ayikho kwamathandabuzo. Ngoko ke ngo-1707 kwakukho imodeli zasekhaya camera, i-analogue iimodeli Koloni Neva River. Yena yafakwa kwisakhiwo Admiralty, ecaleni icala kunye shipyards.

Ukuqala lokuqokelelwa elizayo

Peter I wakhupha umyalelo ekuthe ngenxa yawo kwahlaziywa ukuqokelelwa kuhlobo lwecamera uhlala kwandiswa kwaye ihlaziywa kunye nemiboniso ezintsha. Le modeli waqala ukufumana kuphela iinqanawa wakha isibingelelo nokulungisa iinqanawa, kodwa abo echaziweyo amadabi aselwandle. Bonke bephela bazizisulu Ufundo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo ivenkile liye laba sisiseko isiseko apho i-St Petersburg Naval (central) Museum yasekwa.

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-banesifo yemodeli ngenkulungwane XVIII kwemisebenzi lwecamera oluphuculweyo kakhulu. Luba yaba uhlobo bureau yoyilo apho ukudala iiprojekthi iinqanawa ezintsha kunye nemizekelo yazo scale zenziwa. Future Central Naval Museum aza zazaliswa zonke iintlobo amaxwebhu navigation, izixhobo kunye iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zaselwandle.

Isimo esitsha yangaphambili yekhamera imodeli

A nqanaba entsha kubomi ngumqondo uPetros Ndafika ngo 1805. Emva koko, ngokwemiyalelo kwi nguzwilakhe Russian Alexander I kuhlobo lwecamera lifumene iwonga elitsha. Kwagqitywa uguqulwa "kuLwandle Museum". imali yayo landa kakhulu ngenxa ngokudibana izinto ibandla Admiralty College Library. Eli ziko yesayensi neyokufundisa iye yaba yenye nje enkulu ehlabathini.

Ubukhulu becala lolondolozo bazaliswa zonke iintlobo yokufuna ulwazi savela kuhambo ezininzi omkhulu abaziwayo Russian. Namhlanje, i-Central Naval Museum, eSt Petersburg kuvula amathuba ukuba bafunde ubomi babo kunye nomsebenzi.

Iminyaka Museum ukuhla

Weza etroneni ngowe-1825, uNicholas I wayeyindoda ixesha elizayo. Ngokutsho kuye: "Museum Ulwandle", ukubayinxalenye ingqokelela akubonakalisi nomdla kakhulu kwaye luncedo kangako. Ngowe-1827, elo ziko yesayensi neyokufundisa ikhutshelwa kolawulo lokuhlola amanzi Depot, uze emva koko bekuvela ngokupheleleyo. Ingqokelela eyodwa imiboniso iqhubeke babaviwa zidipozithwe kwi-arhente ezahlukeneyo karhulumente, kuquka yiKhabhinethi yokufuna ulwazi. Naval Central Museum eSt Petersburg kwakhona ukuba ikhamera model. Kwintlanganiso yayo malunga mahlanu kuphela nemiboniso.

ingxaki karhulumente Deep kunye nemfuneko utshintsho

Ngenxa ukoyiswa kweli phulo iCrimea kunye ntlekele enzulu obujikeleze ilizwe, kuye kwacaca mhlophe imfuno utshintsho oluphawulekayo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi eRashiya, kuquka ukulungiswa Navy. Xa ixesha xa amazwe aphambili iinqanawa sele watshintshela ezikucaphukisa injini, ukhuselo vehicles kwaye ufumane izixhobo zale mihla, butho Russian babesaqhubeka abasemkhombeni. Kunye nemiba yezixhobo zobugcisa iinqanawa, njengoko kuyimfuneko kwi-xesha lifutshane kangangoko ukuba iphinde indlela kulungiselelo noqeqesho amaqela.

Ukuvuselelwa myuziyam kunye nokubuyiselwa nemiboniso yayo

Oku eyabangela ukuba isigqibo senziwa 1867 malunga ukuvuselelwa "Sea Museum". Omnye wemisebenzi engundoqo eyabelwe ubunkokheli lakhe elitsha, iye iye ukuqokelela izinto ezindala saa kuzo arhente ezininzi. Ukongeza, lo mboniso kwakubalulekile ukunika iisampulu kakhulu advanced ukuba uphuhliso zobugcisa xesha.

Lo msebenzi ngobuciko abulawe, umlawuli esanda elimisiweyo Museum - a injineli armorer onesiphiwo uLieutenant N. Baranov. Ngoko ke, lo elizayo Central Museum of the Navy wavula iphepha elitsha kwimbali yawo. Ngowe-1908, ngexesha kwimibhiyozo ezinxulumene bicentennial, lolondolozo lwembali ogama emva umseki wayo - Petra Velikogo.

Naval (Central Museum) kwisithuba eSoviet

Emva kokuba iziganeko ka-Oktobha 1917 urhulumente omtsha qhoboshela kubaluleke kakhulu ukwanda kunye nokuphuculwa esemgangathweni imali yayo. Apha kuza imiboniso yeengqokelela oluntu nawabucala ezininzi, yaye ngowe-1939 Naval Museum of the central utshintsho kwidilesi. Ukusuka Admiralty, yena ezinambuzelayo Vasilevsky Island, xa isakhiwo ngaphambili Stock Exchange (ifoto ekupheleni kweli nqaku). Esi sakhiwo, yakhiwa ngo-1816, yenye obukhulu bobugcisa kwikomkhulu Northern.

Ekubeni museum ingqokelela siqulathe ubutyebi eziphathekayo, ukufudukela kwizakhiwo ezitsha Wasolula iminyaka emibini. Ngexesha lemfazwe, avuleke ibalulekileyo babalekiswa ngasemva. Ezinye lokuqokelela wahlala kungqinga iLeningrad, bangamaqhawe ukugcina abasebenzi imyuziyam. Ngomsebenzi kunye nokuzinikela ubungqina babo nanto zembali yezi zithuthi Russian ukulinda ngokukhuselekileyo eMini Victory. NgoJulayi 1946, Naval Central Museum kwakhona ngokupheleleyo kwayo avuza iindwendwe.

Namhlanje Museum

Kwiminyaka kamva waba ngomnye lwembali ezininzi watyelela kweso sixeko. Indawo enkulu kumsebenzi inxaxheba kwintlangano yeehambo zesikolo kunye nemiboniso weendawo. Kunye icandelo le myuziyam, ubonisa imbali ye Russian waseManzini kwinkulungwane edluleyo, inzala eninzi abatyeleli umdla yi izinto zangaphambili yakutshanje, isixelela ubuqhawe oomatiloshe Soviet ngexesha lemfazwe yokugqibela.

Okwangoku, i-Naval Museum Central ise a ukulungiswa enqabeni ezintsonkothileyo Kryukov, ibekwe kwiziko ngembali umzi. Isigqibo ukuba senziwa ngo-2009, ngexesha kwimibhiyozo ezinxulumene trohsotletiem imyuziyam. Isizathu yaba imeko yaloo esakhiweni Vasilyevsky Island, apho waye ngaphambili. Ngokutsho kweengcali, kuba ukubuyiselwa kwalo kwafuneka ukukhulula ngokupheleleyo iiholo of nemiboniso. Uhambise kwenzeka ngo-2013.

Namhlanje i-Central Naval Museum eSt Petersburg umdla omkhulu njengezibonelo, aziwayo zalo emkhosini nomi neenqanawa, amaxwebhu zembali anxulumene olwandle, iibheji zomkhosi, amabhaso, iibhanile, izixhobo kunye nezinye imiboniso, ebalisa indlela obuzukileyo nokobuqhawe kwendwe Andrews, - intloko isimboli Navy Russian.