Amanzi okufumana amanzi evela kwimithombo engaphantsi komhlaba

Kuba ufumana amanzi asuka amanzi komhlaba kunye isibalo amanzi enzonzobila amalungiselelo zikhabane. Bona ibekwe ngasechwebeni amadama, imilambo namachibi. Ukulungiselela iinjongo zoshishino kusetyenziswa izakhiwo kunxweme kweelwandle, elandelwa lusidla le conduit kwemali. Ukuba kwimimandla yonxweme angekhoyo amanzi acocekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle kunye nenkqubo ngokuhlanjululwa ngokungqinelana zabekwa kwezoqoqosho kunye nobugcisa.

Ukuba luthathe amanzi asuka amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba amalungiselelo izakhiwo uhlobo ngokunzulu kusetyenziswa inkqubo sokumpompa amanzi. izibonelelo yesabelo at kumahlandinyuka kwamanzi kwindawo ichibi eyakhelwe ngezizathu ngumntu, zitsho isiseko ukukhusela sikhululo evela kulengqele izinto ezidadayo. Ngendlela izakhiwo lungiselelo otyiwa ezi Imvumo, ezikhethekileyo nondiliseko (emfuleni).

iintlobo zezityalo

Ruslovye uhlobo gravity station akhe phezu elunxwemeni dama nzulu kunye nokwehla encinane nonobubele umhlaba ibuthathaka. uyilo lwabo ibonelela sump, yombhobho free ezantsi emathunjini, ngokunjalo nentloko, ikhuselwe imivalo. Amanzi ngenxa inikezelwa afakwe bangena umgca ingcinezelo ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi. Headroom yanelisekile kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo, kwana kuphela umkhukula okanye ngaphezulu. kwisikhululo sokumpompa isebenza ugwebu ngamanzi okanye efakwe kwidivayisi yakuma wedwa.

Kwiibhanki enkulu of amadama zibonelelwa izibonelelo inani uhlobo yesabelo eziqulathe akukho iindonga ekupheleni kunye noyilo igiza. inani Amanzi unikwe ngenxa imingxunyana njengoko inqanaba likuvumela ukuba wenze phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Coast anelisekile kakuhle sisiqingatha semitha ngaphezu amanzi liphezulu ukufukuka, qiniseka ukuba isikhululo sokumpompa amanzi. Ukuba lo mzobo utshintshatshintsha kakhulu emlanjeni, ngoko amacandelo eziliqela ezahlukeneyo ngokwenani lwelayini kukufakwa equleni. Iifestile aphezulu zisetyenziswa uqokelelo umaleko komhlaba ngexesha lezikhukula, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuthatha ulwelo ecacileyo.

A uhlobo olulodwa lwezitishi ukutya amanzi asetyenziswe xa kuthe kwakho imfuneko yent- ezinkulu ulwelo okanye ukuba imozulu kuquka umzabalazo rhoqo kunye ice soma. Xa isibalo ezinjalo amalungiselelo emele neyenziweyo uhlobo ijelo. imilinganiso yalo sizimisele ngokuxhomekeke isantya ezidadayo nezinkulu abanda enzulu. Emele basekuhlaleni yolwamkelo wabeka emazantsi emlonyeni kokufumana imisinga ezantsi kwaye kuliwe floes enzonzobila. Emele owongozelelweyo eliphezulu ezilungiselelwe ufakelo emlonyeni nxamnye kwemali kwaye akhonze kokufumana ebusweni for engamanzi kucaciswa. Ezi ntlobo sivumele izakhiwo ukutya kwi emele yonxweme bembe amatye ukuya kubunzulu-3.5 m okanye iwathwale somlambo, yahlukanisa edamini.

Kunye nezakhiwo ukuhluza kunye zokuthambisa kucaciswa kakuhle izikhukula lulwelo okanye ice aphile. Phambi kokuba kufakwa ukufuma umgca xi kuhluzeka ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze zegrabile nesanti ungqameko akhiwe ngokwendalo ngezantsi okanye iibhanki, wesisele siyamkelwa kuphela, tubular okanye izixhobo tye.

Ukuba ufuna ukunika unikezelo ngamanzi lwexeshana, ukwakha izibonelelo inani amanzi engenasigxina okanye iselula. Kuba indawo kwezikhululo ephathekayo chibi ziquka kwimizila kaloliwe kunye ithambeka apho zihamba, kuxhomekeke ukunyuka amanzi. Incopho izakhiwo ukuze zilungele amaphenyane iankile esisigxina okanye pontoons. Bobubi isibalo ngamanzi lwexeshana ziquka into yokuba zonke imibhobho ezenziwe ngezinto bhetyebhetye, yaye oku kukhokhelela ekufuneni ukusinyamekela ngaphambi kwexesha bajonga iingxaki usebenzisa kwithuba ice-ngaphi.

Ukususa ukufuma ukusuka isanti kunye njengamasuntsu lomhlaba unconfined maleko engasentla enqamlezileyo amalungiselelo emigodini zam. Material kuba kubo eziphathekayo ifreyim yesinyithi. Amanzi ongena umlinganiseli ngokusebenzisa imingxunya ezindongeni osezantsi. Ezantsi equleni lixhotyiswe ngomaleko reflux lokucoca, equka enjengentlabathi ukuya ubukhulu oyi-0,6 m okanye ngaphezulu kunokudala zegrabile kunye ubukhulu elipheleleyo ukuya kwi 0,15 m. Ngentla kumphezulu womhlaba senza kakuhle 0.8 m. Iindonga akhuselwe ngesihlwitha udaka babulingana nesandla ukuya ku-0.5 m leyo uya under ground kwi 0.3-1.2 m. Kufuneka otmostka amalungiselelo iindonga eziphathekayo ezikufutshane kunye ithambeka ukusuka 1-1.5 m ububanzi.

Umsebenzi kweendawo ukutya amanzi kwiindawo ezisemantla nzima ezinzima kwemozulu ebusika apho qhwa amanzi evulekileyo. Izakhiwo zisetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha ice yokunyibilikisa. iindawo Northern luphawulwa inkqubo phantse ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo komhlaba yamanzi enqabileyo ziqulethe izixa ezikhulu izimbiwa kwaye ezingafanelekanga ukuba ukusela. Ukukhululeka ebusika ukufuma efa edlekileyo, ngoko kuthathwe zomaleko ibekwe phantsi komhlaba zibambene. Ukunyusa umgangatho wamanzi kwindawo amadama uhlutha amadama iisoyi kunye namachibi kwandiswa ndawo, ukulungiselela ukukhuthaza recharge ezilawulwa imilambo namachibi kwimithombo komhlaba yingqele.

iintlobo zoovimba

nokufunxwa kwamanzi ukuze zisetyenziswe imizi nemizana lwenziwa ukusuka kumphezulu kunye ehamba zikhabane. Angenwa lulwelo kwikholam nomhlaba koxinzelelo nondiliseko. maleko oxwesileyo kufutshane kumphezulu okanye ezinzulu nasemilanjeni, amachibi ebizwa komhlaba. amanzi Ground luphawulwa ungcoliseko eliphezulu kwaye phambi kokuba bangene uxinzelelo lwamanzi efunekayo ukuze baye ahlanjululwe.

amanzi enoxinzelelo ezizaliswe ngokupheleleyo iyaxela tye ibekwe ngezantsi okanye amadama abakufuphi bakhonze ngenxa recharge yabo. imithombo nokususa amanzi ezixabisekileyo enyulu, ukuze zilungele iintlobo zazo gesi isibalo ezinjalo, apho uyilo akuthethi kuquka izixhobo zonyango. Xa kakuhle ukufumana amanzi xinzelelo ukusuka umaleko engamanzi oxwesileyo ikhona umgca zokuphatha enemiqathango nto leyo ngexesha elinye inqanaba phezu ichibi elikufutshane. Ukuba le ntambo ngaphezu komhlaba, ukufuma aqukuqela ephuma emthonjeni, ebizwa nokususa.

Enoxinzelelo and non-xinzelelo amanzi seeping phezu komphezulu womhlaba, benza ehla inyuka nezitshixo enikezela amanzi ekumgangatho ophezulu, nto leyo esetyenziselwa iinjongo yokusela ngaphandle kweenkqubo zokuhlanjululwa eninzi. iimpawu lomgangatho umthombo, ezifana amandla, ubunzulu, izimbiwa Ukwanda kusetyenziswa ukukhetha uhlobo lwesakhiwo isikhululo ukutya namanzi. Xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo zobugcisa kunye kwengqalelo koqoqosho kunye nemfuneko uhlobo oluthile lolwelo (amanzi kwimizi, esela, iimfuno zekhaya).

Yokukhethwa site

izakhiwo inani Ulwakhiwo isekelwe uqikelelo beepropati ulwelo evela kumthombo esikhethiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukuguqulwa konxweme, lolungiso ukhuko umlambo okanye omnye umthombo kunye neemeko hydraulic yokusebenza. Xa utshintsho umgangatho wamanzi ngaphezu kwe-6 m kunye kwithambeka kunxweme eweni ezaneleyo izibonelelo eziqhelekileyo Yakhani nendibaniselwano kunxweme ukungena kwamanzi.

Ukuba uceba ukuba ngaba sikhona intsebenzo, ngenxa isibalo yamanzi ephantsi ukuphakama edibana ngayo iinkqubo sokumpompa amanzi. Ebele ezahlukeneyo isakhiwo uhlobo kwi elifunekayo amandla amancinci kunye nobunzulu enkulu ichibi. Ukuba umphezulu oscillation amanzi - ngaphantsi kwe-6 m, ubunzulu lincinane, ngoko usebenzise uhlobo itshaneli kunye ukuthathwa kwisikhululo sokumpompa in yesabelo izakhiwo receiver.

yokubala hydraulic

Ukuze ubone eliphezulu iparameters esebenzayo ezisendleleni calculation hydraulic. Thatha ingqalelo amandla imibhobho kunye nezinye izinto kulo lonke ixesha langoku lokuba semthethweni. zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi uchazwa imfuno yona ngexesha ubuninzi XPath abathengi enxulumene. Ngokusekelwe kwezi data, ukubala umbhobho ngobubanzi ezifunekayo abapase aphuhle kwezoqoqosho esinobunzima kwangaphambili kunye ilahleko engephi.

Yenza umzobo axonometric ebonisa ulwalathiso oluvela kwigalelo ukuya enxulumene utsalo-node, ukukhetha indawo kunye nani lincinane nokujikeleziswa. Kubalwa iinxalenye ubude ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye elisisiseko, kuthathelwa ingqalelo isixa amanqaku lokuguqula fluid. Umbhobho kutshintshwe kwenye indawo, phakathi kwesigaba umbhobho olunye ukunika ubukhulu efanayo. Ukwakhiwa kweendawo ukutya namanzi lwenziwa emva ukubala epheleleyo hydraulic.

linendawo

Ukumisela umgangatho wamanzi, ngokusekelwe kwizibonakalisi ezinjalo:

• propati emzimbeni, ezifana turbidity, ubukho incasa, umbala, ivumba, ubushushu;
• iipropati yemichiza eziphawula ukukwazi igcwala, lukhuni, impendulo esebenzayo, isiqulatho izimbiwa;
• Iipropati bacteriological ezibonisa iqondo asuleleke amagciwane eyele amanzi avela ezingqonge endleni kwelindle, imvula, isilwanyana.

Ukusela amanzi ephantsi koqwalaselo. a iimfuno kwizinga ulwelo ukusetyenziswa zokuhlala kwaye acwangciswa ngokufanayo kuwo CCITT R51232 - 1998. Iimfuno Uxwebhu sifakwe ukuze ufumane impilo emzimbeni, iikhemikhali kunye nezalathisi amagciwane. Ukuba linyulu amanzi ayingqinelani idatha olumisiweyo, nokwakha lwamkelo amanzi sisityalo unyango amdaka. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo unyango zibalwa kweentsholongwane kwaye ingcaciso. Ukucaciselwa uhluzo kunye neentlenge izigaba ezininzi, apho ubumdaka iye kuhlala ezantsi. Le zokukhanya esiluhlaza chlorination nganye ezinga malungu abantu, ozonation isetyenziselwa ukulahlwa ezincinane izifo.

Ukulungiswa amanzi avela kwimithombo angaphantsi komhlaba

Ukukhetha isikhululo wobhaliso amanzi ukufumana ulwelo evela zomaleko angaphantsi kuchaphazela ubunzulu kunye nendawo imveliso umaleko. Zakhiwo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezine:

• umngxuma eyanele;
• imigodi zam;
• isibalo izenzo nkqo;
• isixhobo kapotazhnye.

izakhiwo eyanele njengoko imithombo komhlaba okanye amaqula ityhubhu lusetyenziswa yokukhupha iziselo ukusuka ukuyilwa kubunzulu kwama-10 m. Ukwakhiwa sikuko ukugrumba udonga wequla kunye nokuqinisa istili. Ngokuthe ngcembe kuyancipha nge kubunzulu dial imibhobho ubukhulu. Kwinxalenye esezantsi emngxunyeni isetelwe filter kunye phezu komhlaba ngaphezu equleni, ukwakha kwigumbi okuboniweyo. Ukuba yengcinezelo akhwifa engenamandla ngokwaneleyo, amanzi liphuma kumphezulu phantsi koxinzelelo, kungenjalo ukunyakama kondliwa phezulu nge iimpompo.

Ezakhiwe yohlobo amaqula evulekileyo bakhonza ukufumana amanzi kubunzulu ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-30 iindonga kakuhle -. Eziphathekayo, iinkuni okanye izitena, badla ngokusebenzisa izinto ukulungele standardised ngokulandelelana esalo omnye komnye. Xa kutshona kwezisezantsi iindawo iindonga kunye nasezantsi Ekungeneni kakuhle zibonelela lwamkelo yendalo ulwelo. Emazantsi kwenza umaleko lokucoca ulwelo zesanti luhlalu. Ukukhawulelana neemfuno eyandileyo yamanzi amalungiselelo amaqula amaninzi kwaye amaqhina oqhagamshelwano yi amanzi kunye Water Collector, iimpompo apho ukufuma onikezelwa ngamanzi.

isibalo amanzi aphantsi komhlaba izenzo tye bakhonza ukuqokelela amanzi kubunzulu ongekho nzulu. Basebenza kubunzulu ukuya ku-8 seemitha ngekhonkrithi standard, okanye izinto yodongwe ezinemingxuma okanye slits kwi imiphezulu ecaleni. Iintlobo elula tye eyenziwe ngezitena thinned okanye inkunkuma, yesondlo lokuthintela oyiboniselayo iikhamera 100 m.

Kapotazhnye egumbini bakhonza yokukhupha amanzi avela izitshixo. Bona imigodi zilula yeyam, walungiselela phezu kwendawo imbonakalo amanzi phezu komhlaba. Kuba ulwelo kunciphiso kwimithombo ebalulekileyo kapotazhnye egumbini zokuqokelela ukufuma ngaphaya kweendonga nkqo ye tye uhlobo otyiwa.

ukuqokelelwa Water imithombo phezu kobuso

Kule ndlela amanyathelo ukutya namanzi lwenziwa ukwamkela liqhawuke ukufuma ebudeni bonyaka. Kuba lo Isakhiwo kufutshane kumthengi esitalini, ngaphantsi ongcolileyo indawo elunxwemeni, ukwakha izityalo mveliso kunye nezikhululo kwelindle. isibalo Amanzi evela kwimithombo kumphezulu anelisekile, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ujikelezo kunokwenzeka kumsele lomlambo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Iziqalelo nkqubo zilungiswe ukuze emva kokumiselwa womkhenkce ebusika kunye top nezakhiwo wayengekho ngaphantsi kwe-0.3 m, kwaye ezantsi emanzini abafumana asifikeleli ezantsi emlanjeni-1 m.

izakhiwo eyanele badla zenziwe ngendlela edityanisiweyo kweentlobo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, oko kumiselwa nguMthetho iimpawu dami kunye nemali efunekayo losetyenziso. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise le nkqubo eyipasile uvavanyo lobuchule. isibalo amanzi Surface Moving ahlambe zinamanzi ngesantya-1 m / s. ubonelelo lwamanzi Household ikhlorini ukuba kweentsholongwane.

Icebo lothungelwano yonikezelo lwamanzi lwangaphandle

inkqubo Ngaphandle kuquka iindlela eziphambili kunye nomgca isebe eziziisekondari. Njengokuba material imibhobho kusetyenziswa amacandelo nokusingqongileyo ezikhethwe iimeko GOST. Phakathi kwisikhululo sokufunxa amanzi xinzelelo udlula isityalo fluid unyango, luhlala kwi itanki kunye nge elawula izixhobo ngqo kubathengi. Umbhobho ecanda eziphambili kwenziwa ngokungqinelana kuyilo ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, kwaye ngobubanzi isebe zisetyenziswa ngokuphathelele ngomlilo ezifika fluid ngesondo.

Isixhobo for kokususa amanzi

izakhiwo ukumpompa ukunika intshukumo amanzi kwisekethe lokuguqula amandla motor ibe amandla ulwelo hydraulic ukubasulela. Ngezi zixhobo ukufuma bavuselwa ukuphakama ofunekayo, ekhutshwe imigama emide kwaye kunyanzeleke ukuba iqukuqele kwinkqubo kumbhobho wamanzi closed, ebandakanya nokusebenza izakhiwo ukutya namanzi. iimpompo Ukukhethwa inkonzo nezakhiwo inani amanzi esimbaxa kuxhomekeke kuhlobo injini, amandla, uxinzelelo, ukusebenza kunye nezinye iparameters. Isicelo iqhelekileyo kwi iimpompo centrifugal ukuba banamalungelo ngokwaneleyo phezu kwezinye iintlobo.

Zokugcina neenqaba amanzi

Ukuze kufikelelwe uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi kunye nokuphakamisa kulwelo ukuya imigangatho eziphakamileyo ziinqaba amanzi asebenza kumgaqo ebonakalayo yokunxibelelana izitya. Itanki ichibi kwinqaba ebalwa umthamo wamanzi elawula unikezelo fluid abathengi ngexesha elithile, nakanjani ukuba isibalo amanzi avela kwimithombo angaphantsi komhlaba.

Xa amanzi kwitanki ende egcinwe unikezelo lwamanzi ezifunekayo likaxakeka zokucima phakathi kwemizuzu eli-10 emva kokuba ucinezelo. uyilo tower Water luquka ebhafini inkxaso zeendawana kwakheka kwi yobude besakhiwo ezinde ezilalini. Kwimimandla esemantla yomveleli ukuba unombombiya izindlu, nesambatho phezu kuphela itanki emzantsi.

Amatanki ukugcina amanzi ufake kwinkqubo ezahlukeneyo iindawo itephu, ukuba zisetyenziswa ukugcina-inventri engamanzi. Umqulu kwamatanki ixhomekeke injongo yabo kunye neemfuno uxinzelelo Ukwanda amanzi kwenkqubo abathengi. Imathiriyeli zakhiwo izitena elinyukayo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ilitye zendalo eziphathekayo. Imilo bahlule kwamatanki setyhula kunye buxande. Zidlulela ubaleka indlela monolithic okanye yemodyuli.

Ukulungiswa kwemibhobho komhlaba kunye kwamanzi

izakhiwo izixhobo ukutya kunye conduit eyandisiweyo emva kwethuba msebenzi ufuna nokulungiswa ngamaxesha kunye nolondolozo. Ngamanye amaxesha isebenza okugqiba lwamanzi zincitshisiwe ngenxa bekelelo kwimibhobho imiqobo kunye accretions. Ukucocwa kwayo yenziwa rhoqo, kwiimeko inobulali, amanzi awaneleyo backwashing okanye ngoku ngqo. Kwiimeko ezimbaxa ngakumbi usebenzisa scrapers okanye ruffs.

Ukususa umbhobho umonakalo phezu komhlaba - umsebenzi lenkathazo yaye zibiza imali eninzi. Ngoko ke, isixhobo okhethekileyo enambuzelayo ngaphakathi ityhubhu eyenzelwe zokuhlanjululwa. Le fowuni liyanyikima, kwaye iibhrashi ejikelezayo ukususa zomaleko nzima ezindongeni. Ukucoca lwemibhobho ukusuka apho ulwelo isusiwe, wenza utshonisa, eyayimele isakhiwo imibhobho beza kumphezulu.

Ukususa discontinuities nzima okanye imingxunya imibhobho ukuba banyukele kwamanzi, emva kokutshintsha isahlulo obonakele uvikivwa kwakhona ukuya ezantsi. Hayi umonakalo inzima kakhulu kulungiswa usebenzisa welding kwamanzi.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba izakhiwo inani ifowuni ifuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo, ukuvumela ukuba ukujonga uhlobo lwezityalo, khetha i indawo ze rasstanovit components zezakhiwo. Kodwa njengokuba abathengi mihla abakwazi ukubona uphila ngaphandle amanzi anika ubomi, ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha kukho uyilo amatsha neembono ngenxa nezokukhupha amanzi izibilini planethi.