Amalungelo abantwana eRashiya kunye neNgqungquthela ngamaLungelo aBantwana

amalungelo abantwana zibaluleke ngokulinganayo kwaye siyabophelela kunaleyo abadala. Okuxabiseke gqitha, kuba abantwana bafuna ukukhuselwa ngokukhethekileyo kukarhulumente kunye noluntu jikelele. Abantwana kunzima ukulwela amalungelo abo ngokwabo, ngoko ke kulo mkhuba ngamazwe kwaye ahlawulwa ingqalelo kangaka umthetho phezu nokukhusela amalungelo abo angundoqo ngamnye.

Ukhuselo lwabantwana Russian Federation kuxhomekeke kwimiqathango ezisisiseko weZizwe eziManyeneyo kuphuhliswa yi the Organization.

amalungelo Child eRashiya zilawulwa yi la maxwebhu zomthetho ezifana:

• Code yintsapho Russian Federation;
• UMgaqo-nkqubo Russian Federation;
• Umthetho we-Russian Federation kukhathalelo lwempilo;
• Komthetho Iziqinisekiso Basic kwamaLungelo kwi Russian Federation;
• umthetho imfundo Federal;
• Komthetho ezikhuselayo ezongezelelweyo ukulungiselela ukhuseleko leenkedama nabantwana washiywa ngaphandle kwabazali;
• UMthetho Social Ukukhuselwa aBakhabazekileyo kwi Russian Federation.

Fundamental kumazwe ngamazwe ekukhuseleni abantwana yi yeNgqungquthela waMalungelo oMntwana. Kwathatha 20 Novemba 1989 g.strany ekhokelwa yi weZizwe eziManyeneyo. It wangena force ngoSeptemba 2, 1990, emva kokuba kuphasiswe 20 ithi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho eSoviet Union. Emva Ukuvuma i-Convention, oko wafumana iwonga lo mthetho kummandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, yaye ngoku i-Russian Federation.

I-Convention ibandakanya 54 amanqaku ukuba iinkcukacha amalungelo ngabanye abantwana. Igama elithi "umntwana" CRC sithi "umntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo." Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, bonke abantwana banelungelo ukuphuhlisa izakhono zabo, ngaphandle kwendlala kunye bafuna, kwakunye nezinye iintlobo zobundlobongela kunye nokuhlukunyezwa.

I-Convention on the yamaLungelo oMntwana ubophelela amathuba abantwana onke amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi abazali okanye abantu abanoxanduva kubo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantwana bangathatha inxaxheba kwizigqibo abakwaziyo kuchaphazela umnikelo wakhe kunye elizayo.

I-Convention on the naMalungelo oMntwana Iquka amalungelo zilandelayo abantwana:

• ukuba usapho;
• lokukhuselwa nguRhulumente kwiimeko apho kungekho esisigxina yokhuseleko okanye ithutyana ngabazali babo;
• ukulingana;
• lokukhuselwa ubundlobongela;
• kukhathalelo lwezempilo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo;
• ukufunda ukuya esikolweni;
• leengcinga kunye nentetho;
• igama kunye nobuzwe;
• ukufumana ulwazi;
• lokuphumla nokuba nexesha lokuphola;
• kwi uncedo iimfuno ezizodwa (umzekelo abakhubazekileyo).

Amalungelo abantwana kule Russian Federation

Ngokuba abantwana abangaphantsi Code osapho i-Russian Federation zibandakanya bonke abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Into yokuba umntu attained the age of uninzi, zisebenza ngokupheleleyo ngokungqinelana ne-Code Civil aluchaphazeli ithuba ingqalelo umntwana ngamnye.

Isahluko 11 Code Family umisela umntwana amalungelo asisiseko ezifana:

• unelungelo lokuphila ikhula kwintsapho;
• nelungelo lokhuselo amalungelo kunye neemfuno ezisemthethweni;
• ilungelo ukunxibelelana kunye nabazali babo nezihlobo;
• unelungelo lokuba negama nefani;
• ilungelo lenkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo zabo;
• amalungelo empahla, kuqukwa namalungelo yomnini.

Imisebenzi abantwana entsatsheni abakacaci ngokusemthethweni. Bona ukubeka kuphela imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, umthetho ukunyanzela umntwana ukuba enze nayiphi na imisebenzi kusapho akakwazi.
Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantwana baseRashiya namhlanje ukucwangcisa Ombudsman for Children, kukho kwimimandla-20 ka-Russia. Ityala kunazo ukukhusela amalungelo umntwana, isigqibo apho sele zikhankanyiwe oomkhomishinari ngaphambili phakathi amaqabane Kristinoy Orbakayte kunye Ruslan Baysarov. Eli tyala owawumkhulu ngenxa ukuthandwa abantu ababandakanyekayo kuyo. Noko ke, iingxabano ezinjalo kweli lizwe kukho akwanelanga. Namhlanje, ukuba umntu ukuyisombulula.

Ombudsman for Children ukusombulula iingxaki ezithi zivele ngenxa kweziganeko zobundlobongela basekhaya, kuba ukukreqa mthetho ongumntwana, ngamakhoboka eziyobisi, ukuswela iindawo zokuhlala, kunye nezinye iingxaki non-zabantwana.