Amafutha Jet: izidingo zemigangatho

fuel Aviation - ukuveliswa kwemveliso oyile onoxanduva nokusebenza iinjini yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi emoyeni. Kuxhomekeka ekwakhiweni, ububanzi kunye nokusebenza, amafutha unokuba kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kukho ezimbini ezisisiseko: amafutha jet (loo nto kwakhona ngokuba fuel jet) kunye avgas.

injini nganye yenzelwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa amafutha ethile, enika isantya eyimfuneko kunye nokuthembeka. Ukuba ukusebenzisa amafutha, ayenzelwanga olu hlobo injini, kunokwenzeka ukuba kunciphisa ubomi kunye nesikhundla zayo zokusebenza iimpawu moya.

fuel Jet for moya

fuel Aviation - separafini engines jet - esetyenziswayo amafutha amaninzi moya. Kuyinto yemiyinge ezahlukeneyo. Kwilizwe lethu, siye kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi ukhetho ixhomekeke kwiimeko kunye neempawu ze-moya. Umzekelo, kwi-moya subsonic TS-1 separafini esebenzayo equlathe isixa esikhulu sulphur kwi ekwakhiweni. A moya supersonic zisebenza TC-8 TC-Isitampu okanye 6. moya ezindaweni-zidalwa kunye TS-2 separafini.

Separafini - moya hayi kuphela

Separafini wabhekisela iintlobo njengokuba ukukhanya iimveliso petroleum. Yenziwe ulwelo ngqo okanye nokusulungekiswa eziziisekondari. Iqondo mveliso, ngokuxhomekeke ekwakhiweni, ingahluka degrees-150 ukuya-250.

Nazi umda engundoqo separafini:

• Aviation. Kukho separafini izenzo kwamafutha yezokubhabha njengesipholisi uze ujije iinjini njenge imveliso yokuqaba kwiinkqubo amafutha. Uye lubonise ngeendlela ezininzi, ingakumbi, ukwandisa injini iyahlala ezisezantsi-lobushushu neepropati.
• isayensi irula. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, separafini Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi amafutha rocket, nangona ngempumelelo eliphantsi. Kwixesha elizayo ngenxa yale njongo siceba ukuphumeza-methane okanye propane.
• Manufacturing. Separafini yamnandi ekrwada izinto wemveliso of polyethylene kunye ezinepolypropylene, kunye nezinye izinto zokwenziwa.
• Ukufudumeza. Kumazwe apho kungekho nkqubo zokufudumeza, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi separafini. Lubonakala ngomlilo yokusebenza eliphezulu, esebenzayo enoqoqosho iyasetyenziswa.
• Zokukhanyisa. Nangona ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa umbane, nezibane zeparafini nayo Musa ukungxama ukunikezela kwizikhundla zabo.

Popular iintlobo amafutha Aviation kweli lizwe lethu nakwamanye amazwe

Kwi zonaniso lwangaphandle ayikhuphi iintlobo eziliqela zepetroli ukundiza. Bona zizakubalulwa ngokunciphisa abilayo yi iimpawu nokwakheka iqhezu flash indawo (umz, amazinga aphezulu uye separafini yezokubhabha ulwandle), njalo-njalo.

Imveliso kakhulu ethandwayo ngenqwelomoya diesel amafutha kunye ekuphuculeni ukwakhiwa iqhezu, esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi zoPhapho. Umzekelo, i-brand "Jet A-1". Kuye kudibana neqela imiqathango engqongqo. Kodwa kumazwe asakhasayo iimfuno amafutha phantse akukho ukuyilawula.

avgas

Eyona Umda Aviation ipetroli - iinjini moya piston kunye ntaka, umthamo omncinane. Ukusuka imoto iinjini luphawulwa inkqubo elekhtrons ngenkani, yaye ngenxa yoko neemfuneko amafutha yezokubhabha kufuneka ngandlel ezahlukeneyo.

Ukubunjwa iquka ngenqwelomoya ipetroli amacandelo ngocoselelo kuvavanywa ifunyenwe ngenxa yeenkqubo ezizodwa. Umzekelo, i-oyile flavoring okanye encedisa ukuqalisa oguqukayo. Iimveliso ezifunyenwe bokulungelelanisa, umxholo hydrocarbon olefinic, ngaba awasetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwamafutha mboni.

Namhlanje, xa kuthelekiswa kumabakala epetroli eqhelekileyo ukuba ishishini leemoto, iintlobo eyama emihle eyenziwe omncinane - 2% kuphela. Ngendlela, ezinye iimodeli iinjini-moya bayakwazi ukuba zisebenza ipetroli standard A-95. Sekunjalo, amafutha eyama kakhulu ukwakhiwa ezinzileyo kunye nokubekwa.

parameters Umgangatho amafutha Aviation:

• uzinzo Detonation. amafutha-air ezimisele umxube ezahlukahlukeneyo kuqamba.
• Iqondo lobushushu crystallization - esezantsi oko, kungona umgangatho.
• kuqamba Special fraction.
• Ukungabikho kwezinto Khanihlale apha okanye ubukho babo kule mali ubuncinane.
• Ukungabikho iikhompawundi sulphur kunye asidi.
• Nobushushu eliphezulu omlilo.
• iipropati anti-Ukubetha High.
• uzinzo yokugcina Excellent.

Zonke ezi mpawu ukujonga umgangatho kwamafutha eyama, yaye ngenxa yoko ukuthembeka injini.

Ukuhlelwa brand kunye nokwakheka

Nepetroli iinjini ngenqwelomoya kuyahlukana ngokuya izikhombisi grade. Yiyo le njengenqobo inoxanduva amandla eyenziwe yi-injini. Umzekelo, ipetroli B-91/115 inani lesibini sisalathisi nje ibakala, kwaye yokuqala - linani octane.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, motor ipetroli, eyama ayikho yahlulwe ihlobo nobusika emaXhoseni. Emva enye amaqondo obushushu enye, nto leyo kancinane abachatshazelwa lutshintsho isizini ezibhabhayo phantse lonke. Kodwa naluphi na uhlobo ipetroli ngenqwelomoya tetraethyl phambili uze udibanise ngqongqo ukulawula imigangatho sulphur kunye tar. Ukuqinisekisa i parameters efunekayo yexabiso calorific kunye nobushushu crystallization le toluene nalo wongezelela, isomerate, pirobenzol kunye namanye amacandelo.

Ubukho kwezithako ezizodwa ekwakhiweni kunye umbala ubonisa amafutha mboni. Kudla eliqaqambileyo omthubi, oluhlaza oqaqambileyo okanye-orenji.

nemigangatho yobulunga

Kwilizwe lethu kukho iimfuno zokwenziwa komsebenzi zepetroli mboni. Ukongeza ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo lucalulo "Euro", kukho imigaqo ekhethekileyo zobugcisa, iimfuno zolawulo ngokukodwa ukundiza zepetroli diesel jet.

Umzekelo, kwi ipetroli, esetyenziswa eyama, kungabikho lunezinto, kunye ikhemikhali, okanye abekho imali encinci aluchaphazeli iimpawu yokusebenza. Kufuneka babe ukumelana eliphezulu ukuya igcwala. Kuhle, kwamkelekile nokuqulethileyo ukwakhiwa tetraethyl lead. Nebakala yokusebenza ipetroli esingekho ngaphantsi kwe 130 uvumelekile ukuba ongeze umbala oluhlaza.

Amafutha jet kufuneka ibe akukho ubumdaka ezifana namanzi, isalfure, kweziyobisi ungalibali. Ngokungqongqo kulawulwa lobushushu crystallization kunye viscosity kinematic, leyo inokwahluka phakathi oomatshini moya ngesantya subsonic kunye supersonic.

Ngokumalunga ububanzi bokusebenzisa, amafutha Aviation kusetyenziswa kuphela kwinjini moya. Ukusetyenziswa nayiphi na enye injongo kokuba esalelweyo ngokungqongqo.