Abantu Campo iimpawu, imisebenzi esisiseko kunye nendlela yokuphila

Okwangoku ehlabathini kukho iintlanga ezincinane ezininzi ngxexesha abangekaphuhli yophuhliso, kukho abalimi ngokulima yaye akukho umnqweno ukutshintsha nantoni na ebomini bam. Omnye wabo - abantu Campa, ogama uphawu - umzekelo olothusayo zokuphila ngokuvumelana nendalo.

Ngoobani aba Kampa

Kampa ingqalelo abantu abaninzi baninzi phakathi izizwe Indiya yoMzantsi Merika. Inani labo Kuqikelelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo - mhlawumbi 50 okanye 70 amawaka abantu. Abaninzi bahlala e Peru phezu lomlanjana Tambo, Ucayali, Perene kunye Apurímac. Inxalenye minor wesizwe uhlala Brazil phezu uviko lasekunene Amazon - River juruá emlanjeni.

Umsebenzi: "Nika abantu Kampa" msebenzi awunakubangela ubunzima, njengoko igama "Kampa" ngoku inqabile. Kucingwa lixesha kwaye maxa wambi nkqu walihesha. Amaninzi ngokunxulumene kule isizwe isebenzisa ethnonym yaso - Ashaninka.

Ukusuka kudaladala, i Ashaninka bahlala endle Amazon. Zihlanganiswe kunye Inca, idibene bamathanga baseSpeyin kwinkulungwane XVII, abathunywa bevangeli French zamaKatolika XIX, abathengisa iziyobisi kwinkulungwane XX. Kodwa kude kube ngoku, amaNdiya kuqhubeka bephila ubomi efanayo njengoko ookhokho babo benza kumakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo. abantu Kampa emkhenkceni kuphuhliso lwabo.

izifundo key

Njengabo bonke abantu akudala, kubomi i Ashaninka zibalulekile ndibano, ukuloba nokuzingela, le yokugqibela, kunjalo - kunokuba umthombo eyongezelelweyo ukutya ngaphezu engundoqo. Nangona isaphetha kunye abazingeli umkhonto ilawulwa ngokunamathelene-.

Nomsebenzi ephambili kwisizwe enye, ngathi kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo, i ezolimo isileshi-and-komtshiso oko. Ecassava, sweet iitapile, iipepile, amathanga, iibhanana - Izilimo ephambili ukuba abantu bakhule Campo. Abalinganiswa yemisebenzi yayo abuyonto ngaphandle wakukhankanya kubugcisa ezahlukeneyo.

Ashaninka abandakanyeke zomdongwe mveliso, amalaphu ontlakantlaka ukusuka kwimicu ngomthi okanye yomqhaphu yasendle kunye nezixhobo nobu-, oko kukuthi, yonke into oyidingayo kuqoqosho. Oku ngabantu kanye self-ezaneleyo ngokuzimeleyo iingenelo yempucuko.

Ukulinywa lukaCoca bush

Kodwa ukuba ngumhlali Peru wabuza: "Chaza abantu Kampa", kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba akunjalo, kwaye umkhwa ukuhlafuna amagqabi coca. Eneneni, i Apurímac River valley, ekhaya Kampa, ithathwa njengokuba yokuqala kwihlabathi kakhokho. Kodwa amaNdiya ngaba leyo ndawo olinywayo kunye wavuna amagqabi yezityalo zasendle kunye uqhankqalazo malunga emasimini, leyo ezifuyelwa bengabarhwebeli. Abarhwebi aphe, wamgawula kwehlathi, yaye ngokufuthi kukhokelela omnye komnye iimfazwe yokwenene, kukho ingozi abantu Campo.

indlela yokuphila

Ashaninka kuluntu oluhlala kwiilali ezincinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isibini owakha indlu ngeenxa zonke, kunye sokuqala abahlala ngokwahlukeneyo. Uluntu ilawulwa yi abadala, kunye iishaman, kodwa ke, nangona wayehlonelwa, indima kakhulu kwi inkokheli musa ukudlala.

Abantu Kampa - isizwe semi-ephila. Isleshi uhlobo kwezolimo ebangela kuzo amaxesha ngamaxesha kwenye, ukuba ndikunike ukuphumla ilizwe, kunye neenkuni - ukululama ngokwendalo.

Oku isizwe zemfazwe, kodwa Ashaninka bakulungele ukulwela ilizwe labo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Yaye ngokufuthi kufuneka kulwa izizwe asendle, apho abahlali bathi "Bravos". Ezi ndibano ezibizwa ngokuba izizwe ezingezo-contact maxa wambi wabaxina kakhulu abantu Campo. Ziphi na savages, akuyi ngqo ayaziwa, kodwa bacebisa ukuba Ukuvutha uchuku zinxulumene kwamahlathi omkhulu. Abadala Ashaninka wabhenela Government of Brazil uncedo.

Ngokulinganayo abantu yingxaki bomthonyama Amazon ukudala abathengisi beziyobisi, ngokunjalo nemisebenzi zomkhosi ngexesha ungquzulwano lwangaphakathi Peru 1980-2000, ngokulandelelana.

ngenkolo

Inkolo le ndlu, iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni kuba yamaKatolika. Kodwa enyanisweni, iinkolelo omdala kuyaqhubeka ukuba luthathe indawo ebalulekileyo ezingqondweni zabantu, yaye iishaman ukwenza amasiko abo, njengokuba babenjalo kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo. Ngubani nje musani banqule abantu Campo. Uphawu iinkolelo zakhe yaye kuquka obeza abangekaphuhli kunye nonqulo woomoya izityalo kunye nezinto zonqulo zamaKristu, kwaye nkqu amaqhekeza iinkolelo zonqulo yeAfrica amandulo.

Esinye izinto enizihlonelayo yabantu Kampa - umdiliya Una de Gato - "uzipho ikati kaThixo". Oku uyakwazi ukufikelela tridtsatimetrovoy ubude kunye ubomi eminyaka. AmaNdiya Kudala basebenzisa iimpawu aphilisayo kuqweqwe ingakumbi iingcambu esi sityalo. Kukho intetho okuninzi malunga nokusetyenziswa izicatshulwa neengcambu imidiliya njenge arhente anticancer. A Ashaninka bakholelwa ukuba ezi imidiliya, efana unina, ukukhusela abantwana bakhe - zamaNdiya.

Kampa kutshanje

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isizwe iyaqhubeka yokuphila ubukhulu becala yemveli, akunamsebenzi ukuphepha ukudibana iintlanga ephucukile ngakumbi. Ne-imi- 20 kwinkulungwane afika evela izizwe Amazon asebenza abasebenzi ngemivuzo iinkampu ezinkulu, xa abafuya ekuqokelelweni irabha, njalo-njalo. D. Akukho ngaphandle kunye nabantu Campo. Iimpawu ezivumela kubaqeshi nabasebenzi yesizwe Ashaninka, ngokuqhelekileyo HIV, ukuba nzima-yokusebenza, Musa ukuboyika bunzima, bazi kakuhle yehlathi kwaye wayezazi kakuhle izityalo, nto leyo iluncedo kakhulu kumasimi zezolimo.

Yaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX Kampa bathathe inxaxheba ebomini kwezopolitiko, ubukhulu becala akhusela ingcamango zokukhusela Amazon ukusuka kwamahlathi. Izizwe composition Amazon Alliance wabumba awayengabemi eentaba Andes iquka Ashaninka yamaNdiya. Kukho abantu Kampa, hayi kanye mandithi, abameli bayo kunye nonxulumano yobuhlanga, okusebenzayo ukukhusela yemvelo zamaNdiya Amazon.