Ababhali edume kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-20

Le leminyaka edlulileyo usinike Ababhali abaninzi aneziphiwo. Ababhali kwinkulungwane yama-20 wayesebenza ixesha kuphazamiseka zehlabathi zentlalo kunye neziphithiphithi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kubonakala imisebenzi yabo. Naziphi na iziganeko zembali kuchaphazela uncwadi - ukuba ukhumbule, elona nani likhulu kweenoveli imfazwe zabhalwa ngexesha Second World War kwaye kule minyaka ili-15 ezayo.

Ababhali Russian edume kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-20 - u Alexander Solzhenitsyn kunye uMikhail Bulgakov. Solzhenitsyn butyhileke eyoyikekayo kwiinkampu eSoviet kwihlabathi emsebenzini wakhe, "The Gulag Archipelago", apho ke yagxekwa kakhulu yaye etshutshiswa kwilizwe lethu. Kamva, Solzhenitsyn wagxothelwa eJamani, yaye kudala wahlala kwaye wasebenza amazwe. ubumi Russian sabuyiswa kuphela ngo-1990, umthetho ekhethekileyo kaMongameli, emva koko unako ukubuyela kwilizwe labo.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kwilizwe lethu, kwinkulungwane yama-20 xesha ababhali kunye iimbongi elubhacweni - phesheya kwiminyaka ezahlukene Ivan Bunin, uKonstantin Balmont, raisa Bloch kunye nabanye abaninzi. UMikhail Bulgakov wayedume ehlabathini lonke ethi "I Mfundisi noMargarita" kunye inoveli "Intliziyo Inja." Kuyaphawuleka ukuba inoveli "INkosi noMargarita", wabhala iminyaka engaphezu kwama-10 - ngenxa yemisebenzi zadalwa kwangoko, kodwa nohlelo sahlala iminyaka emininzi, de ukufa kwakhe. Abagulela Bulgakov inoveli abagulayo kukhokelela kwimfezeko, kodwa akazange abe nexesha ukugqiba loo msebenzi, ngoko ke umsebenzi ingafunyanwa owawenza zoncwadi. Sekunjalo, lo inoveli "iNkosi noMargarita" yaba mhlawumbi umsebenzi omhle wale uhlobo ngenxa kwinkulungwane yonke yama-20.

Popular IsiNgesi ababhali zenkulungwane yama-20 - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, nomcuphi ukumkanikazi Agata Kristi kunye umdali ilungileyo anti-utopia "Animal Farm" Dzhordzh Oruell. England ngawo onke amaxesha wanika buchopho boncwadi ihlabathi ezifana Uilyam Shekspir, Gerbert Uells, uWalter Scott kunye nabanye abaninzi. Khulu lokugqibela leminyaka kwakungekho ngaphandle, kwaye ngoku abantu onke amazwe nokufunda iincwadi Dzhona Tolkiena, Pratchett uTerry, uJohn Windom kunye Artura Klarka.

Ngokubanzi, ababhali kwenkulungwane yama-20 abazange zifana langaphambili - ababhali ngenkulungwane ye-19. iincwadi ziye isiya isohluka nangakumbi, kwaye ukuba kukho iindawo eziphambili 3-4 kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19, eli-20 baba umyalelo yobukhulu enkulu. iyantlukwano zesimbo kunye nemibono yabangela neentlobo ezininzi kunye neentsingiselo, kanye Ukufuna ulwimi olutsha wasinika kwabeMi iinkcuba kunye zobulumko, ezifana Marcel Proust kunye Franz Kafka.

ababhali Russian kwinkulungwane yama-20 zaye kuphela ikakhulu ezintathu imiyalelo zesimbo - ngokoqobo, kwimpucuko kunye avant-garde. Buyinto umdla kwiincwadi Russian kwinkulungwane yokugqibela yaba ukuvuselelwa romanticism kwimo yalo yantlandlolo, ephelele kakhulu, oku kubonakala kwi kwimibhalo Aleksandra Grina, ogama imisebenzi ngokoqobo okusaqhubekayo swii ineradicable emibalabala.

Ababhali kwinkulungwane yama-20 washiya uphawu layo uncwadi ehlabathini, yaye sinethemba kuphela ukuba ababhali kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye iya kuba kubi ababengaphambi zabo. Mhlawumbi ethile sele kudala esitsha Gorky, Pasternak okanye Hemingway.