U-Arthur Clark: iincwadi zeencwadi kunye neencwadi zokulinganisela

Kwimisebenzi ka-Arthur Clark, izizukulwana eziliqela ezingabali bafundi kuphela, kodwa nabalobi abhala kwizinto ezihlukahlukeneyo zenzululwazi, baye bakhula. Imisebenzi yakhe yayiyinto efanelekileyo yokubikezela iziganeko okanye ubuchwepheshe.

Ngaloo ndlela, u-Arthur C. Clarke wabona ngaphambili ukudala i-radar ukufumana izinto ezindizayo, iindiza ezinyangeni, ii-satellites ezisisigxina ekujikelezeni komhlaba, ukudala iikhomputha, i-Intanethi nokunye okuninzi.

Biography yomlobi

Ngethuba lobomi bakhe obude le ndoda enkulu yashiya uphawu kungekhona kuphela kwiincwadi, kodwa nakwizesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe. UArthur Clark, owaziwa ngalo ngo-16.12.1917 eSomerset County, eNgilani, apho azalwe khona kwisixeko saseNtloko, iphelile ngoMatshi 19, 2008 eSri Lanka.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, wayengomnye wabaphuhlisi beendlela zokuhamba ngeenqanawa zokuhamba ezinkqenkqweni zezulu ezimbi, kunye nencwadana yakhe yokuqala yazinikezelwa ngeli xesha.

Emva kwemfazwe, u-Arthur Clarke, eneklasi yeLieutenant of the Royal Air Force, waphumelela kwi-cum laude evela kwiKing College yaseLondon, ekhethekileyo kwi-physics kunye nemathematika.

Emuva ngo-1945, njengelungu lombutho wabantu baseBrithani, umbhali wacebisa imbono yokudala enye inkqubo yezikhululo zendawo kwi-orbit yeplanethi ukudala inkqubo ye-telecommunications. Wada wabhala amanqaku amaninzi atyhunjiweyo kunye neencwadi malunga nale nto, echaza uluhlu lobugcisa beprojekthi.

Emva kokuba i- orbit ye- geostationary yasungulwa kuma-36,000 km ngaphaya kwinqanaba lolwandle, wanikwa igama lika-Arthur Clark ekuqapheliseni igalelo lakhe kule mpu melelo.

Ukususela ngo-1956 kwada kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, u-Arthur Clark wayehlala eSri Lanka, apho wafumana khona ubumi, kwaye apho kuye kubhalwa khona ininzi yemigqaliselo yakhe yesayensi kunye neenveli. Umsebenzi wokugqibela kaClak ngenxa yokugula kwakhe wadalwa ngokubambisana nabanye abalobi, okwenza kubekho mnandi ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yakhe yokuzimela.

Ixesha lokudala lika-1951-1961

Ngethuba elivela ngo-1951 ukuya ku-1961, u-Arthur Clark, onobumba beencwadi eziqulethe iincwadana ezingama-22 ezihlukeneyo, ii-3 kunye neengu-4 zeenguqulelo zeencwadi zakhe, zazibhalwe imisebenzi eyenza ukuba adume kwihlabathi lezithandani zobuxoki.

Incwadana ethi "Prelude Space" (1951) yaba yi-harbinger ye-launch of satellites kunye nabantu endaweni. Ngendlela yakhe, umbhali uthetha ngolwimi olulula nolwazilekileyo lwaloo nto engaqhelekanga kubahlali bakhe njengezixhobo zobugcisa ze-spacecraft kunye nemigaqo yeenqwelomoya.

Le ncwadi isekelwe kwimbali yobuxoki yeso nqanawa esithi "Prometheus", injongo yakhe yayiyikuphanga kwenyanga. Lo msebenzi waba yi-propaganda yendawo yeenqwelomoya. I-satellite yokuqala eyayisungulwe kwi-USSR yakwazi ukunqoba ubunzima bomhlaba kuphela ngo-1957, kwaye ukufika kweApollo ngeNyanga kwavela ngo-1969. Incwadana ethi "Prelude Space" ingaqwalaselwa enye yeziprofeto ezenziwa nguArthur Clark.

Ishicilelwe ngomnyaka ofanayo, inqaku elithi "iSands of Mars" linikeza abafundi ithuba lokungabikho kwinqwelo-moya kuphela, kodwa kunye nokuphuhliswa kwamanye amaplanethi.

Inyeyonto engalindelekanga kule nkqubo ngumsebenzi oyintloko wokuqala kaClarke, i-End of Childhood (1953), apho ekhulisa khona abafundi ukuba baqonde ukuba uluntu alusekho kwindalo yonke.

"I-Moonfire" (ngo-1961) ayiyona enye yeenveveli ezona zilungileyo zolu xesha lokudala lomlobi, kodwa kunye nomtyunjwa we-Hugo Award. Umsebenzi uchaza malunga nokuhlala kwenyanga kunye nosongelo olusenokungabonakalisa i-satellite emhlabeni.

Umjikelezo we "Space Odyssey 2001"

Xa u-Arthur Clark (isithombe somlobi esebenza) wabhala incwadi yakhe ethi "Space Odyssey 2001" ngo-1968, inkulungwane ye-21 yayibonakala ingenakukude.

Kodwa namhlanje ingcamango yencwadana malunga nokulinga kwiPlanethi yeminyaka eyi-3 yezigidi isasebenza.

Iingxabano malunga nemvelaphi yobomi kwi-planethi ayigcini, igama elithi "ingqondo ye-cosmic" lizinzile ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye neenqwelo-moya ze-interlanetary ziphela nje ixesha.

Njengamaxesha onke, uCarlk wayelindele iingcamango ezizukulwaneni zakhe kwaye wayethetha imibuzo izazinzulu emhlabeni jikelele ngoku zifuna iimpendulo. Umjikelo, owaqala ngo-1968, wagqitywa ngo-1997. Iquka iireveli ezi-4 ezizinikezele ekuhambeni kwezilwanyana zasemhlabeni zikhangela ukukhangela kwengqondo.

Kulo msebenzi, uStanley Kubrick wenza ifilimu eye yaba yinkolo kule hlobo. Ndiyabulela italente yomlawuli waseBrithani kunye nemiphumo ekhethekileyo abayisebenzisayo ukudala ifilimu, ifilimu eneminyaka yobudala be-digital technologies ibukeka ngumoya owodwa, ebonwa njengengxelo yombhali yokubalekela abantu kwiJupiter kunye nenkcaso yabo "kwingqondo" yekhompyutheni.

Uhambo "Rama"

Umjikelezo "uRama" wadalwa iminyaka engama-20 (1973-1993), kwaye incwadana ethi "Rendezvous neRama" ithathwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu yintoni u-Arthur Clarke ebhala ngayo ngobomi bakhe. Ukulinganiswa kweencwadi zombhali ngokungapheli kubandakanya lo msebenzi. Waletha umbhali i-Nebula, uHugo kunye ne-British Science Fiction Association.

Isalathiso sisekelwe kwibali ekudalweni kwendawo yokujikeleza, "ezingela" ii-asteroids ezisongela ubomi emhlabeni. Phakathi kwe-asteroids, kukho into efunyenwe ukuba ibe nesimo esiqhelekileyo sesigxina kwaye igcina ikhondo layo kwi-Sun.

Emva kokufika emkhombeni ongaqhelekanga, abantu bafumene iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusinda kwabantu kunye nolwandle kunye nabemi kunye nezilwanyana ogwini lwawo. Njengoko uhamba ukuya kwi-Sun, iirobhothi "zivuke" kwinqanawa ukuxhasa inkxaso yayo yokuphila.

Umxholo oyintloko wenveli ingaba uluntu lukulungele ukudibana nenkohlakalo engaphandle okanye ukwesaba, ukugonywa nokungaqondakali kwemithetho yendalo yonke iya kubashiya abantu kwi-system yabo ye-Solar.

I-Odyssey yexesha lomjikelezo

Inqaku elikhanyayo lomjikelezo - "Isiqhwithi seLanga" (2005) - sabhalwa ngokubhaliweyo kunye noStephen Baxter. Le nveli yintlekele, ilandele ngokukhawuleza okunokwenzeka kunye nokutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo uMhlaba ngenxa yesiqhwithi esinamandla kwiLanga.

Wacetyiswa ngu-astronaut Baisez Dutt, owabuya e-flight. Waye tyelela ihlabathi apho kungekho zigaba zesikhashana kunye nalapho i-Firstborns ilawula khona, efuna ukutshabalalisa umhlaba kunye nomhlaba.

Isicwangciso esonwabisayo senza abafundi baxhalabele ngentlekele yoluntu, ehlala njalo, kuxhomekeka kwizenzo okanye ukushiywa kwabantu ngabanye.

Imisebenzi yama-70-80-ies

Nangona egula (i-poliomyelitis ifunyaniswe kwakhona kwiminyaka engama-60), uClark uyaqhubeka ebhala ngokunyanisekileyo aze enze abafundi bajabule ngetalente yakhe.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yeli xesha:

• "Isiqithi saseDolphin" - inveli iyazinikela kwingcamango ecacileyo ye-"ingqiqo" evela kumahlengethwa kunye nokunxibelelana kwabo nomntu.
• "Iingoma zomhlaba okude" zinikezelwe kubantu abalahlekileyo, obonakaliswe yiLanga. Ngenxa yokuba izazinzulu zesazi malunga noku kwangaphambili, kwiindawo ezinzulu ekufuneni umkhwa ofanelekileyo wobuntu babethunyelwa iinqanawa kunye neesampula ze-flora, i-fauna kunye nemibungu yabantu. Iplanethi yeTalassa ifike kwiiparitha zayo zekoloni yehlabathi elizayo, kwaye iirobhothi zenza yonke imisebenzi efunekayo ukuze ikholoni.
• Ukuqokelela "Umkhonto kumjikelezo" kubandakanya amabali kunye namabali ngo-Arthur Clark ukusuka kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo.

Ngohlobo lwakhe oluhle, u-Arthur C. Clarke, ovakaliso lwakhe kwiincwadi zoluntu zihlala zihlala zithandeka kakhulu, kwimisebenzi yakhe ibomvu ebomvu inomxholo othi uluntu lufanelwe ukuhlala nokulibala yonke indawo.

Imisebenzi yee-90

Indalo eqaqambileyo neyokugqibela eyimpendulo ka-Arthur Clark yayiyintlekele yamabonakaliso ethi "I-Hammer yeNkosi," ebhalwe ngo-1993.

Ukugula kombhali kwaqhubela phambili, kwaye waqala ukujikeleza kwisihlalo sabakhubazekile, kodwa akazange ayeke umsebenzi osebenzayo, kubini abalobi kunye noluntu.

Incwadana inikezelwe kumxholo ophela wokuphela kwehlabathi, edlalwa ngamajelo amaninzi kuloo minyaka ehambelana nokuwa kwe-asteroid kuMhlaba.

Imbeko yombhali

"Inkolelo engu-1" - yilokho u-Arthur Clark abizwa ngoku kude. Imisebenzi yakhe iphinda iphindwe, iifilimu zitshuntshwe kubo, kwaye umbhali ngokwakhe akazange abe ngumvuzo ophezulu wemivuzo yamabhali, kodwa naye waxhaswa ngu-Queen Elizabeth II.