27 Januwari - Holocaust lokukhumbula Day (homeroom)

Enye mpawu ezininzi owoyikekayo umsebenzi Hitler abaci wakhe Ngenkohlakalo - intshutshiso ubunzima kunye ukutshatyalaliswa baseYurophu kwelakwaYuda kwixesha ukususela ngowe-1933 ukuya 1945. Yaba umzekelo nanto kwimbali yokutshatyalaliswa kunye kohlanga Armenia kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwi Ottoman. January 27, Holocaust Day lokukhumbula, iye yanxulunyaniswa kwakhululwa yokuqala kwiinkampu -Osventsima.

Injongo - ukuze atshabalalise

Eyona njongo ephambili owamiselwa ababehamba uHitler ababhali ngesisombululo umbuzo yamaYuda, yaba kulitshabalalisa ngabom wesizwe eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba abulawe ukuya kwi-60% yamaYuda eYurophu, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kumyinge womfundi omnye kwabathathu bonke abantu yamaYuda. Ngokutsho imithombo eyahlukeneyo, kwabulawa abantu abazizigidi ezi-6. Lo wenkululeko weza kuphela ngo-1945, ngomhla we-27 Januwari. Holocaust Day Ukukhunjulwa International idibanisa inkumbulo nje amaJuda efile.

Nenye intsingiselo, lo mkhuba Ngenkohlakalo ngamaNazi eJamani kunye nezinye kubandakanya ukutshatyalaliswa, bambalwa zobufanasini yesizwe, abagulela ukufa, kwakunye imifuniselo zonyango. Eli binzana liye ukuba akhethe, umgaqo, zonke izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye le ngcinga Fascism. Ngokukodwa, oko kwadaka isithathu inani lilonke labantu Roma. Hayi kuquka iilahleko zomkhosi zabulawa malunga neshumi ekhulwini nezibonda kwaye malunga nezigidi ezithathu amabanjwa Red Army.

machine ukufa

Ubunzima "ukucocwa" kwezibonelelo zabantu ingqalelo ephambili yahlawulwa abagulayo. Abagula ngengqondo kunye nabakhubazekileyo zaye phantsi ukubulawa kwabantu. Le nkxalabo efanayo kunye amafanasini, leyo namawaka alithoba yatshabalala. Ngaphandle intshabalalo, inkqubo Ngenkohlakalo ngcono okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo imbokodo. Oku kwakhona yemifuniselo ngokungenabuntu zonyango, yonduluka iminquba zizakhelo ezibekwe amabanjwa amagqirha kunye izazinzulu le Wehrmacht.

Ngokwenene "mveliso" isikali intshabalaliso yaqhubeka de Allied ukuhlaselwa kummandla waseJamani. Kulo mba, ngoJanuwari 27, imini memory amaxhoba udushe, ludibanisa onke amaxhoba abantu kwiinkampu kulitshabalalisa ngenjongo wadala ngaphakathi kwinkqubo.

gama lesiHebhere

KwamaJuda ngokwawo khulu kungenzeka ukuba usebenzise enye gama - i Shoah, leyo imela nkqubo amaNazi wentshabalalo ngabom yabantu kwaye iguqulelwe njenge ntlekele okanye intlekele. Bakholelwa ukuba igama eliyilo ngaphezu Holocaust. Eli gama idibanisa zonke ababehlala ezinabantu wafa nokudubula mass kule nkampu, ezintolongweni, ghettos, refuges kunye namahlathi, xa uzama tsala, njengelungu le-yabanqolobi, intshukumo komhlaba ngexesha luqhankqalazo, okanye xa ezama ukubaleka, ukunqumla umda, yena abulawa ngamaNazi kunye nabaxhasi babo. Igama lesiHebhere yajika ukuba ibe yeyona ezinkulu zibandakanya abameli beentlanga bonke bafa ulawulo lwamaNazi, wacanda usentlungwini eyoyikekayo lokuthinjwa kunye iinkampu, kodwa wasinda. Ngokuba bonke bephela, 27 Januwari - Holocaust lokukhumbula Day - yinto njengebhakana, luphawu ezimbalini, nto leyo ngenkankulu kwabantu bamaYuda luya kuba nako ukulibala.

amanani kokufa nobomi

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba imfazwe yaqala ukubonakala amanani yokuqala inkohlakalo Wesithathu eYurophu naseRashiya. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho uqikelelo bokuqala ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo ezahlukeneyo ngokunxulumene nabantu "ophantsi" - ukusebenzisa njengabasebenzi eyayilikhoboka ukwakhiwa kunye nemveliso, zilahliwe, isohlwayo, intshabalalo - kwiinkampu amawaka asixhenxe ghettos ukuba kuhlelwe. Inani siphene ngaphandle amaYuda aba Slavic, izibonda, Roma, demented, alalanayo, abagulela ukufa. Ekuqaleni 21 kwenkulungwane th, kwabhengezwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba amaziko anjalo amaNazi wadala malunga namawaka amabini. Esi sigqibo ngexesha abasebenzi zophando kunye izazinzulu Holocaust Memorial Museum, apho ibekwe eWashington. kweminyaka elishumi kamva, imyuziyam efanayo wavakalisa ukuba ifumene iindawo ezintsha ezifana neenkampu yokufa, leyo, izibalo zabo, kwaba malunga 42.5 amawaka eYurophu.

Ubunzima ekuboneni amaxhoba

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba emva kwemfazwe uluntu ehlabathini wachaza izenzo amaNazi nje ulwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye uxolo kwaye nobuntu kunye wagqiba ukugweba abo bahlala. Xa edumileyo izilingo eNuremberg, eyathatha imihla engaphezu kweshumi, ukuba kubhengezwe igosa ngelo xesha ngemfano amaJuda efile - 6 million. Noko ke, eli nani, Kakade ke, oku kubonisa ubunyani, kuba akukho uluhlu lwamagama bala maxhoba. Xa eSoviet namabutho encedisayo amaNazi wabatshabalalisa naliphi na ikhethe ukuba asikhanyisele inyaniso. E eYerusalem, kwi-National Memorial of the Holocaust kunye ubuqhawe, kukho uluhlu lwamagama abo ezichongiweyo kwezigidi ezine. Kodwa ubunzima ngokubala inani lokwenyaniso lamaxhoba ngenxa yokuba labo babulawa kummandla eSoviet Union, amaYuda engenakubalwa ngenxa yokuba bonke zafakwa phantsi "njengommi yiSoviet". Ukongezelela, kwakukho abaninzi bafa eYurophu, apho kungekho mntu ukulungisa.

Ekubaleni data aggregate zesayensi zisebenzisa nobalo olwenziweyo phambi nasemva kwemfazwe data. Ngokwala data, ePoland wabulala 3 million amaYuda USSR - million 1.2 Belarus - 800 amawaka, eJamani, Lithuania kunye -. 140 amawaka, Latvia -. 70 amawaka, Hungary -. 560 amawaka, Romania -. 280 amawaka. Holland - 100 amawaka, eFransi kunye Czech Republic - .. 80 amawaka, iSlovakia, Greece, iYugoslavia yatshatyalaliswa ukusuka kubantu abangama-60 ukuya kuma-70 amawaka .. Enoba ngobunzima okanye isizathu ebalelwe abalihlonelayo Usuku lokukhumbula Holocaust International, ngokufutshane wavakalisa inkohlakalo lwamaNazi kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho kuluntu.

Auschwitz

Enye edumileyo yoyikekayo okufa. Nangona apha amaNazi accounting kakhulu engqongqo lamabanjwa, akukho ukuvumelana inani lamaxhoba. Kule nkqubo jikelele ebizwa inani labantu 4 million, amadoda SS owayesebenza enkampini, ebizwa izigidi 2-3, oososayensi ezahlukeneyo ucingo ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwizigidi 3.8 Redemption le nkampu kunye ngosuku olumiselwe kaJanuwari 27 -. Lokukhumbula Usuku Holocaust International. Le nkampu, owaziwa ihlabathi eAuschwitz, yaququzelelwa kufuphi Polish nedolophu Oswiecim. Ukususela 1941 ukuya 1945, yezigidi 1.4 abantu babulawa nommandla wayo, apho 1.1 yezigidi - amaJuda. Le nkampu yathatha ixesha elide, waza wehla embalini njengomfuziselo Ngenkohlakalo. Kwiminyaka emibini emva kwemfazwe, imyuziyam, nto leyo yaba yinxalenye ye-UNESCO World Heritage Site walungiswa.

Ekubeni le inkampu yokuqala, leyo wakhululwa ngexesha ngokoyiswa imikhosi ngokungenalusini karhulumente, waba quintessence inkohlakalo nje, ubuntu, isihogo lokwenyaniso emhlabeni. Ngokutsho isigqibo UN ka-27 Januwari, imini memory yamaxhoba kweMfazwe Yehlabathi kohlanga we2, yaba lusuku memory ngamazwe.

izigaba ezithathu yokusombulula lo mbuzo yamaYuda

Kwi inkundla ngamazwe kwi Nuremberg Kwaxelwa ukuba isigqibo yalo mbuzo yahlulwe ngamanqanaba amathathu. De 1940, amaYuda Germany kwaye ce ethatha le ndawo. De 1942 wasebenza kwindlela ekwakugquba ngayo abantu yamaYuda lonke e Poland kunye naseMpuma Yurophu phantsi kolawulo lwe eJamani. Emva koko ke benziwa ngaphesheya kwindawo esempuma benikwa, apho bahlala bodwa. Ixesha lesithathu waze ekupheleni kwemfazwe kwakuthetha emzimbeni ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo yamaYuda. Umyalelo kwisigqibo sokugqibela zisayiniwe ngqo ngu Genrihom Gimmlerom.

Phambi intshabalalo eyayicwangciselwe, ukongeza igumbi benikwa, ukuba abahlule abanye abantu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-calulo, kwaye ibonelela ukugxothwa ngokupheleleyo kubomi loluntu, kohluthwa nengqwebo yawo, ukuba amaYuda kwi imeko apho amathuba okusinda uza kuqinisekiswa kuphela ngezipha khoboka. Memory kwaye ezi zolwaphulo kulele kwiziganeko yabanjwa ngoJanuwari 27. Ukukhunjulwa imini enikelwe nje kuphela abo bafayo, kodwa mhlawumbi ngaphezu kwabo bonke abo ngeendleko iinzame ezinkulu ukwazile ukusinda.

Ukumiselwa komhla

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho kanye labekwa kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi Chronicle Usuku lokukhumbula Holocaust International. Umhla waye wavunywa ngesigqibo eyahlukileyo loMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo, yayamkela-1 Novemba 2005. Emva koko, iseshini eyodwa UN kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo azinikele isikhumbuzo sama-60 yenkululeko, lwaqala umzuzu cwaka. kwayiwa Le ntlanganiso, kwaye ilizwe eliye yaba umthombo ntlekele enkulu ka-European kwaJuda. Democratic eJamani, uthe ummeli wakhe ngoko, uye wafunda iimpazamo eziyingozi amabi izenzo zakhe zangaphambili zolawulo ephosakeleyo, onayo isikhokelo. Kungenxa kweli lizwe ngoJanuwari 27, Usuku lokukhumbula Holocaust eJamani, umsitho yonyaka kule isenzakalo sikhumbuzo iimpazamo ekhalela. Nangona kunjalo, abantu waseJamani baqonde uxanduva lwabo aba bantu kwaye musa ngabom zamylivaet elidlulileyo yakhe. Ngo-2011, ixesha lokuqala ngaloo mini yaye ukubhekisela Roma njengamaxhoba kohlanga.

Ukufundisa ulutsha

Unya olwenziwa yi umntu wona umntu kuhlala kwimbali kunye nokukhumbula uluntu ngonaphakade. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho ezinjalo, kukhunjuzwa ekufuneka phindwa amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuthintela, ukukhusela, ukunqanda. Edibana ngayo isikhubekiso inkqubo ukutshatyalaliswa lwamaNazi bonke abo aza kuthathwa iintlanga phantsi yaye musa bafanelwe ilungelo lokuphila. Ukuze ngcono ukuhlola eli xesha kwi izikolo maziqhube izifundo ezivulekileyo kunye umboniso documentary Chronicle, kuquka vo ezenziwa ngamaNazi kwiinkampu ekubulaweni kwenqwaba.

"NgoJanuwari 27 - Holocaust Usuku Yenkumbulo" - homeroom kunye efanayo igama kuqhutywa kwizikolo ezininzi Russian kanye zaseYurophu. Ngexesha ezi zifundo zichazwe ngokweenkcukacha imvelaphi igama kunye nentsingiselo yalo. Nangakumbi, lo gama iingcambu lesiGrike eBhayibhile elithetha "umnikelo otshiswayo." Ngexesha izifundo abafundi abonisa izilayidi esinombala kunye iifoto, zivele zathi tshe kulo lonke ihlabathi emva kokuba inkundla ngamazwe fixed intsingiselo ntlekele lwezizwe Ngenkohlakalo.

Khanyisa esime iye weni

Umbuzo wokuqala ukuba kuvela kuthiwa abantu zamaJuda ekufundweni Ngenkohlakalo, intiyo kutheni ezinjalo? Kwakutheni ukuze amaYuda baye baba njongo iphambili yale program wentshabalalo uluntu? iimpendulo zale mibuzo unanamhla. Enye inguqulelo eqhelekileyo kukuba ngeli xesha ezingqondweni ubunzima amaJamani edibene anti-kwamaJuda, apho uHitler wakwazi ukuba yenyuse na ngobukhulu engakholelekiyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto, phantsi ngesebe eneenjongo ezifanayo, kwaye waba nako ukuqonda injongo yayo zokulwa.

Esinye isizathu sokuba le connivance abantu German kuthiwa oko lwasuswa kwipropati yamaYuda emva Kristallnacht ngoNovemba 1938, oko wasiwa amaJamani eziqhelekileyo. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, nomzabalazo nempahla yabo, nento indawo ekhokelela ukuba amaYuda ahlala kuzo eluntwini, nezaziwa njengomnye frontrunners. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle oku kwakhokelela ubuciko uHitler yaba umbuzo sikho. Bonke abo, ngokutsho ingcamango yakhe, yaba abanobubi Aryans imiqondiso, ecacileyo kuphela abaxhasi le mbono, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba amtshabalalise. 27 Januwari - Holocaust lokukhumbula Day - sikhumbuzo rhoqo ukuba yintoni enokuzisa unqulo ayencokola kunye nokuthobela nantoni na ingcamango.

ngosuku International ukubandezeleka

Ngaphandle ukuqonda iimpawu ngamazwe le ntlekele ungowenyaniso uyeza ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane, usuku olunye kukhunjulwa amaxhoba akakhange abe ezo ziganeko ezoyikekayo. Kwaye kuphela ngo-2005 kwagqitywa ukukhetha umhla, iselithwasile nenyanga ngosuku lokuqala kwinkululeko yaseAuschwitz - nge-27 Januwari. Holocaust Day Ukukhunjulwa Kanti kwamanye amazwe, kukho ngomhla yakho. E Hungary, namhla lwakhethwa imini yokufuduka ubunzima Hungarian AmaYuda xian - Aprili 16, 1944. kuvukela kwixesha xian Warsaw, esenzeka ngoJanuwari 1943 yaye zicinezelwa wonyulwa njenge imini endingasokuze kwaSirayeli. Ngokwekhalenda yamaYuda, umhla we-27 enguNisan. Ngokutsho kwikhalenda Gregorian , lo mhla ingqamana elisusela 7 Epreli ukuya kwi-7 Meyi. E Latvia Ngosuku ingenakulibaleka yakhethwa ngoJulayi 4, xa zonke izindlu zesikhungu batshiswa 1941. Oktobha 9, 1941 kwaqalisa ukugxothwa kwenkitha yamaYuda isiRomania. Yaba umhla Ngenkohlakalo eRomania. Holocaust Day Kukhunjulwa eJamani kukho, njengoko ehlabathini, nge-27 Januwari.